scholarly journals Gossypol Toxicity from Cottonseed Products

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Cristina N. Gadelha ◽  
Nayanna Brunna S. Fonseca ◽  
Silvia Catarina S. Oloris ◽  
Marília M. Melo ◽  
Benito Soto-Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Free Gossypol ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Pigment Glands

Gossypol is a phenolic compound produced by pigment glands in cotton stems, leaves, seeds, and flower buds (Gossypiumspp.). Cottonseed meal is a by-product of cotton that is used for animal feeding because it is rich in oil and proteins. However, gossypol toxicity limits cottonseed use in animal feed. High concentrations of free gossypol may be responsible for acute clinical signs of gossypol poisoning which include respiratory distress, impaired body weight gain, anorexia, weakness, apathy, and death after several days. However, the most common toxic effects is the impairment of male and female reproduction. Another important toxic effect of gossypol is its interference with immune function, reducing an animal’s resistance to infections and impairing the efficiency of vaccines. Preventive procedures to limit gossypol toxicity involve treatment of the cottonseed product to reduce the concentration of free gossypol with the most common treatment being exposure to heat. However, free gossypol can be released from the bound form during digestion. Agronomic selection has produced cotton varieties devoid of glands producing gossypol, but these varieties are not normally grown because they are less productive and are more vulnerable to attacks by insects.

scholarly journals Programming of the reproductive axis by hormonal and genetic manipulation in mice

Reproduction ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana B Rulli ◽  
María Julia Cambiasso ◽  
Laura D Ratner
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Gonadal Steroids ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Control Male ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Brain

In mammals, the reproductive function is controlled by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. During development, mechanisms mediated by gonadal steroids exert an imprinting at the hypothalamic-pituitary level, by establishing sexual differences in the circuits that control male and female reproduction. In rodents, the testicular production of androgens increases drastically during the fetal/neonatal stage. This process is essential for the masculinization of the reproductive tract, genitals and brain. The conversion of androgens to estrogens in the brain is crucial for the male sexual differentiation and behavior. Conversely, feminization of the brain occurs in the absence of high levels of gonadal steroids during the perinatal period in females. Potential genetic contribution to the differentiation of brain cells through direct effects of genes located on sex chromosomes is also relevant. In this review, we will focus on the phenotypic alterations that occur on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis of transgenic mice with persistently elevated expression of the human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (hCG). Excess of endogenously synthesized gonadal steroids due to a constant hCG stimulation is able to disrupt the developmental programming of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in both transgenic males and females. Locally produced estrogens by the hypothalamic aromatase might play a key role in the phenotype of these mice. The “four core genotypes” mouse model demonstrated a potential influence of sex chromosome genes in brain masculinization before critical periods of sex differentiation. Thus, hormonal and genetic factors interact to regulate the local production of the neurosteroids necessary for the programming of the male and female reproductive function.

Male and Female Reproduction in Penaeid Shrimps

2008 ◽  
pp. 427-455
Author(s):  
Shmulik Parnes ◽  
Shaul Raviv ◽  
Amir Sagi
Keyword(s):  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Penaeid Shrimps

scholarly journals Analysis of crop residues availability for animal feed in Kebbi State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Illo ◽  
Ango A. Kamba ◽  
S. Umar ◽  
A. Abubakar
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Nutrient Value ◽  
Likert Rating Scale ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
The Common ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

This study analyzed the use of crop residues in animal feeding in Kebbi state, Nigeria. Data for the study was generated through the use of structured questionnaire and three points Likert rating scale and data obtained was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results of the study revealed that all (100%) the respondents were male, active and productive in ages (18-47 years) with majority having non - formal education (Qur’anic education) and common mode of land acquisition being through inheritance (70%). Findings of the study further revealed that the common crop residue utilized by the respondents was groundnut haulm (40%) and both cowpea haulm and millet stalks (20%) that were mostly (89%) sourced from their farms, stored and preserved through baling (71%). Majority (90%) of the respondents infer that large proportion of the metabolizable energy is wasted during eating and digestion of low quality crop residues. The study concluded that groundnut haulms and sorghum stalks were the common crop residues utilized for feeding animals, mostly stored and preserved locally with the use of silos and drums. The study recommends that government and the respondents should come up with modern storage and preservation methods of crop residues in order to improve its nutrient value and avoid spoilage.

scholarly journals Toxicity Evaluation of a Traditional Polyherbal Unani Formulation Jawarish Shahi in Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 412-418
Author(s):  
Mohd Urooj ◽  
◽  
Mohammad Ahmed Khan ◽  
G. Thejaswini ◽  
Munawwar Husain Kazmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Salix Caprea ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Dose Levels

Jawarish Shahi (JS) is a compound polyherbal Unani pharmacopoeial formulation indicated for Khafqan (Palpitation), Nafkh-e-Shikam (Flatulence) and Waswas (Insanity; false perception and hallucinations). Jawarish Shahi contains herbs like Halela (Terminalia chebula), Amla (Emblica officinalis), Kishneez (Coriandrum sativum), Elaichi Khurd, (Elettaria cardamomum), and Bed Mushk (Salix caprea). The present study was carried out as per OECD 408 guidance to evaluate 90 days repeated oral dose toxicity in male and female Sprague Dawley rats. The study was performed at dose levels 1028 and 2000 mg/kg bw. No adverse effects were reported with respect to body weight, feed intake, behavior and clinical signs indicative of systemic toxicity. The expected growth pattern was observed in body weight and feed intake as compared to control group at both dose levels in male and female rats. There were few significant alterations with respect to hematology, and clinical biochemistry, however the results were within normal range thus considered toxicologically insignificant. The microscopic examination of different organ/tissue showed that no histopathological changes were observed. The findings of the study showed that No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) for JS is greater than 2000 mg/kg body weight

scholarly journals High Doses of Halotolerant Gut-IndigenousLactobacillus plantarumReduce Cultivable Lactobacilli in Newborn Calves without Increasing Its Species Abundance

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Rodriguez-Palacios ◽  
Henry R. Staempfli ◽  
J. Scott Weese
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Ecological Effect ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Newborn Calves ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
High Doses

To elucidate the ecological effect of high oral doses of halotolerant (resistant to table salt) indigenous-gut bacteria on other commensals early in life, we conducted a culture-based study to quantify the effect of intestinalLactobacillus plantarumstrain of bovine origin (with remarkable aerobic growth capabilities and inhibitory activity againstEscherichia coliO157:H7 and F5) on clinical health and gut lactobacilli/coliforms in newborn calves. In a double-blind placebo-randomized trial twelve colostrum-fed calves, consecutively born at a farm, were fedL. plantarumwithin 12 hours from birth at low (107-8 CFU/day) or high concentrations (1010-11) or placebo (q24 h, 5 d; 10 d follow-up). We developed a 2.5% NaCl-selective culture strategy to facilitate the enumeration ofL. plantarum-strain-B80, and tested 384 samples (>1,152 cultures).L. plantarum-B80-like colonies were detected in a large proportion of calves (58%) even before their first 24 hours of life indicating endemic presence of the strain in the farm. In contrast to studies where human-derivedLactobacillusLGG orrhamnosushad notoriously high, but short-lived, colonization, we found thatL. plantarumcolonized stably with fecal shedding of6±1 log10·g−1(irrespective of dose,P>0.2). High doses significantly reduced other fecal lactic acid bacteria (e.g., lactobacilli,P<0.01) and slightly reduced body weight gain in calves after treatment. For the first time, a halotolerant strain ofL. plantarumwith inhibitory activity against a human pathogen has the ability to inhibit other lactobacilliin vivowithout changing its species abundance, causing transintestinal translocation, or inducing clinical disease. The future selection of probiotics based on halotolerance may expand therapeutic product applicability.

Suitability of insects for animal feeding.

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-38
Author(s):  
Kerensa Hawkey ◽  
John Brameld ◽  
Tim Parr ◽  
Andrew Salter ◽  
Heidi Hall
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Aquatic Animal ◽  
Alphitobius Diaperinus ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Lesser Mealworm ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
Feed Source

Abstract This chapter explores the nutritional composition of insects and the potential benefits and drawbacks for their inclusion into pet, poultry, pig, ruminant and aquatic animal feeds. Six species are most commonly described for use in animal feed, namely black soldier fly (BSF; Hermetia illucens) larvae and prepupae, yellow mealworm (YM; Tenebrio molitor) larvae, superworm (SW; Zophobas morio) larvae, lesser mealworm (LM; Alphitobius diaperinus) larvae, house fly (HF; Musca domestica) larvae and house crickets (HC; Acheta domesticus). The nutritional composition, variability observed due to manipulation of feed source, age, developmental stage and suitability for inclusion into animal feed are compared.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document