scholarly journals Antioxidant Properties ofBerberis aetnensisC. Presl (Berberidaceae) Roots Extract and Protective Effects on Astroglial Cell Cultures

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Campisi ◽  
Rosaria Acquaviva ◽  
Roberta Bonfanti ◽  
Giuseppina Raciti ◽  
Andrea Amodeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Tissue Transglutaminase ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Astroglial Cell ◽  
Free System ◽  
Astroglial Cell Cultures

Berberis aetnensisC. Presl (Berberidaceae) is a bushy-spiny shrub common on Mount Etna (Sicily). We demonstrated that the alkaloid extract of roots ofB. aetnensisC. Presl contains prevalently berberine and berbamine, possesses antimicrobial properties, and was able to counteract the upregulation evoked by glutamate of tissue transglutaminase in primary rat astroglial cell cultures. Until now, there are no reports regarding antioxidant properties ofB. aetnensisC. Presl collected in Sicily. Air-dried, powdered roots ofB. aetnensisC. Presl were extracted, identified, and quantified by HPLC. We assessed in cellular free system its effect on superoxide anion, radicals scavenging activity of antioxidants against free radicals like the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, and the inhibition of xanthine oxidase activity. In primary rat astroglial cell cultures, exposed to glutamate, we evaluated the effect of the extract on glutathione levels and on intracellular production of reactive oxygen species generated by glutamate. The alkaloid extract ofB. aetnensisC. Presl inhibited superoxide anion, restored to control values, the decrease of GSH levels, and the production of reactive oxygen species. Potent antioxidant activities of the alkaloid extract of roots ofB. aetnensisC. Presl may be one of the mechanisms by which the extract is effective against health disorders associated to oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Novel Antioxidant Properties of Doxycycline

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 4078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dahn Clemens ◽  
Michael Duryee ◽  
Cleofes Sarmiento ◽  
Andrew Chiou ◽  
Jacob McGowan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Protein Adducts ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Free System

Doxycycline (DOX), a derivative of tetracycline, is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that exhibits a number of therapeutic activities in addition to its antibacterial properties. For example, DOX has been used in the management of a number of diseases characterized by chronic inflammation. One potential mechanism by which DOX inhibits the progression of these diseases is by reducing oxidative stress, thereby inhibiting subsequent lipid peroxidation and inflammatory responses. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that DOX directly scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibits the formation of redox-mediated malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde (MAA) protein adducts. Using a cell-free system, we demonstrated that DOX scavenged reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during the formation of MAA-adducts and inhibits the formation of MAA-protein adducts. To determine whether DOX scavenges specific ROS, we examined the ability of DOX to directly scavenge superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, we found that DOX directly scavenged superoxide, but not hydrogen peroxide. Additionally, we found that DOX inhibits MAA-induced activation of Nrf2, a redox-sensitive transcription factor. Together, these findings demonstrate the under-recognized direct antioxidant property of DOX that may help to explain its therapeutic potential in the treatment of conditions characterized by chronic inflammation and increased oxidative stress.

Amentoflavone: A Bifunctional Metal Chelator that Controls the Formation of Neurotoxic Soluble Aβ42 Oligomers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Sun ◽  
Anuj K. Sharma ◽  
Byung-Hee Han ◽  
Liviu M. Mirica
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Amyloid Plaques ◽  
Transition Metal Ions ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Amyloid Aβ ◽  
Β Amyloid

<p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder, yet the cause and progression of this disorder are not completely understood. While the main hallmark of AD is the deposition of amyloid plaques consisting of the β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide, transition metal ions are also known to play a significant role in disease pathology by expediting the formation of neurotoxic soluble β-amyloid (Aβ) oligomers, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and oxidative stress. Thus, bifunctional metal chelators that can control these deleterious properties are highly desirable. Herein, we show that amentoflavone (AMF) – a natural biflavonoid compound, exhibits good metal-chelating properties, especially for chelating Cu<sup>2+</sup> with very high affinity (pCu<sub>7.4</sub> = 10.44). In addition, AMF binds to Aβ fibrils with a high affinity (<i>K<sub>i</sub></i> = 287 ± 20 nM) – as revealed by a competition thioflavin T (ThT) assay, and specifically labels the amyloid plaques <i>ex vivo</i> in the brain sections of transgenic AD mice – as confirmed via immunostaining with an Ab antibody. The effect of AMF on Aβ<sub>42</sub> aggregation and disaggregation of Aβ<sub>42</sub> fibrils was also investigated, to reveal that AMF can control the formation of neurotoxic soluble Aβ<sub>42</sub> oligomers, both in absence and presence of metal ions, and as confirmed via cell toxicity studies. Furthermore, an ascorbate consumption assay shows that AMF exhibits potent antioxidant properties and can chelate Cu<sup>2+</sup> and significantly diminish the Cu<sup>2+</sup>-ascorbate redox cycling and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Overall, these studies strongly suggest that AMF acts as a bifunctional chelator that can interact with various Aβ aggregates and reduce their neurotoxicity, can also bind Cu<sup>2+</sup> and mediate its deleterious redox properties, and thus AMF has the potential to be a lead compound for further therapeutic agent development for AD. </p>

scholarly journals How to express the antioxidant properties of substances properly?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Olszowy-Tomczyk
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
The Body ◽  
Universal Method ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Good Tool

AbstractOxidative stress, associated with an imbalance between the oxidants (reactive oxygen species) and the antioxidants in the body, contributes to the development of many diseases. The body’s fight against reactive oxygen species is supported by antioxidants. Nowadays, there are too many analytical methods, but there is no one universal technique for assessing antioxidant properties. Moreover, the applied different ways of expressing the results lead to their incompatibility and unreasonable interpretation. The paper is a literature review concerning the most frequent ways of antioxidant activities expression and for an easy and universal method of the obtained results discussion. This paper is an attempt to point out their disadvantages and advantages. The manuscript can support the searching interpretation of the obtained results which will be a good tool for the development of a number of fields, especially medicine what can help in the future detection and treatment of many serious diseases. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals A Novel Tetrapeptide Derivative Exhibits In Vitro Inhibition of Neutrophil-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species and Lysosomal Enzymes Release

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumitra Miriyala ◽  
Manikandan Panchatcharam ◽  
Meera Ramanujam ◽  
Rengarajulu Puvanakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Lysosomal Enzymes ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Peptide Sequence ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Complement Factors

Neutrophil infiltration plays a major role in the pathogenesis of myocardial injury. Oxidative injury is suggested to be a central mechanism of the cellular damage after acute myocardial infarction. This study is pertained to the prognostic role of a tetrapeptide derivative PEP1261 (BOC-Lys(BOC)-Arg-Asp-Ser(tBu)-OtBU), a peptide sequence (39–42) of lactoferrin, studied in the modulation of neutrophil functions in vitro by measuring the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lysosomal enzymes release, and enhanced expression of C proteins. The groundwork experimentation was concerned with the isolation of neutrophils from the normal and acute myocardial infarct rats to find out the efficacy of PEP1261 in the presence of a powerful neutrophil stimulant, phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate (PMA). Stimulation of neutrophils with PMA resulted in an oxidative burst of superoxide anion and enhanced release of lysosomal enzymes and expression of complement proteins. The present study further demonstrated that the free radicals increase the complement factors in the neutrophils confirming the role of ROS. PEP1261 treatment significantly reduced the levels of superoxide anion and inhibited the release of lysosomal enzymes in the stimulated control and infarct rat neutrophils. This study demonstrated that PEP1261 significantly inhibited the effect on the ROS generation as well as the mRNA synthesis and expression of the complement factors in neutrophils isolated from infarct heart.

Mitochondrial Adenosine Triphosphate–regulated Potassium Channel Opening Acts as a Trigger for Isoflurane-induced Preconditioning by Generating Reactive Oxygen Species

2003 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 935-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuya Tanaka ◽  
Dorothee Weihrauch ◽  
Lynda M. Ludwig ◽  
Judy R. Kersten ◽  
Paul S. Pagel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Infarct Size ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphate ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Superoxide Anion Production ◽  
Channel Opening ◽  
Anion Production

Background Whether the opening of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate-regulated potassium (K(ATP)) channels is a trigger or an end effector of anesthetic-induced preconditioning is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that the opening of mitochondrial K(ATP) channels triggers isoflurane-induced preconditioning by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vivo. Methods Pentobarbital-anesthetized rabbits were subjected to a 30-min coronary artery occlusion followed by 3 h reperfusion. Rabbits were randomly assigned to receive a vehicle (0.9% saline) or the selective mitochondrial K(ATP) channel blocker 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) alone 10 min before or immediately after a 30-min exposure to 1.0 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) isoflurane. In another series of experiments, the fluorescent probe dihydroethidium was used to assess superoxide anion production during administration of 5-HD or the ROS scavengers N-acetylcysteine or N-2-mercaptopropionyl glycine (2-MPG) in the presence or absence of 1.0 MAC isoflurane. Myocardial infarct size and superoxide anion production were measured using triphenyltetrazolium staining and confocal fluorescence microscopy, respectively. Results Isoflurane (P &lt; 0.05) decreased infarct size to 19 +/- 3% (mean +/- SEM) of the left ventricular area at risk as compared to the control (38 +/- 4%). 5-HD administered before but not after isoflurane abolished this beneficial effect (37 +/- 4% as compared to 24 +/- 3%). 5-HD alone had no effect on infarct size (42 +/- 3%). Isoflurane increased fluorescence intensity. Pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine, 2-MPG, or 5-HD before isoflurane abolished increases in fluorescence, but administration of 5-HD after isoflurane only partially attenuated increases in fluorescence produced by the volatile anesthetic agent. Conclusions The results indicate that mitochondrial K(ATP) channel opening acts as a trigger for isoflurane-induced preconditioning by generating ROS in vivo.

Reactive Oxygen Species Activity and Antioxidant Properties ofFusariumInfected Bananas

2017 ◽  
Vol 165 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelvin Kiran Anthony ◽  
Dominic Soloman George ◽  
Hasvinder Kaur Baldev Singh ◽  
Shi Ming Fung ◽  
Vicknesha Santhirasegaram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Species Activity

scholarly journals Cellular Effects of T-2 Toxin on Primary Hepatic Cell Culture Models of Chickens

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Máté Mackei ◽  
Kata Orbán ◽  
Andor Molnár ◽  
László Pál ◽  
Károly Dublecz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Cellular Effects ◽  
Culture Models ◽  
Cell Culture Models

Trichothecene mycotoxins such as T-2 toxin cause severe problems for agriculture, as well as for veterinary medicine. As liver is one of the key organs in metabolism, the main aim of our study was to investigate the immunomodulatory and cytotoxic effects of T-2 toxin, using primary hepatocyte mono-culture and hepatocyte—nonparenchymal cell (predominantly Kupffer cell) co-culture models of chicken. Cultures were exposed to 10 (T10 group), 100 (T100 group) and 1000 (T1000 group) nmol/L T-2 toxin treatment for 8 or 24 h. Alterations of cellular metabolic activity, the production of reactive oxygen species (extracellular H2O2), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and the concentration of different inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL-)6 and IL-8 were investigated. Metabolic activity was intensely decreased by T-2 toxin administration in all of the cell culture models, in every applied concentration and incubation time. Concentrations of HSP70 and IL-8 were significantly increased in hepatocyte mono-cultures exposed to higher T-2 toxin levels (both in T100 and T1000 groups for HSP70 and in T1000 group for IL-8, respectively) compared to controls after 24 h incubation. Similarly, IL-6 levels were also significantly elevated in the T100 and T1000 groups in both of mono- and co-cultures, but only after 8 h of incubation time. In spite of the general harmful effects of T-2 toxin treatment, no significant differences were observed on reactive oxygen species production. Furthermore, the two cell culture models showed different levels of H2O2, HSP70, and IL-8 concentrations independently of T-2 toxin supplementation. In conclusion, the established primary cell cultures derived from chicken proved to be proper models to study the specific molecular effects caused by T-2 toxin. Metabolic activity and immune status of the different examined cell cultures were intensively affected; however, no changes were found in H2O2 levels.

scholarly journals Influence of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors Used in Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment on the Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes and the Concentration of Glutathione in THP-1 Macrophages under Fluoride-Induced Oxidative Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Goschorska ◽  
Izabela Gutowska ◽  
Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka ◽  
Katarzyna Piotrowska ◽  
Emilia Metryka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Ache Inhibitors

It has been reported that donepezil and rivastigmine, the acetylcholinesterase (AchE) inhibitors commonly used in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), do not only inhibit AChE but also have antioxidant properties. As oxidative stress is involved in AD pathogenesis, in our study we attempted to examine the influence of donepezil and rivastigmine on the activity of antioxidant enzymes and glutathione concentration in macrophages—an important source of reactive oxygen species and crucial for oxidative stress progression. The macrophages were exposed to sodium fluoride induced oxidative stress. The antioxidant enzymes activity and concentration of glutathione were measured spectrophotometrically. The generation of reactive oxygen species was visualized by confocal microscopy. The results of our study showed that donepezil and rivastigmine had a stimulating effect on catalase activity. However, when exposed to fluoride-induced oxidative stress, the drugs reduced the activity of some antioxidant enzymes (Cat, SOD, GR). These observations suggest that the fluoride-induced oxidative stress may suppress the antioxidant action of AChE inhibitors. Our results may have significance in the clinical practice of treatment of AD and other dementia diseases.

scholarly journals Role of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase in contraction-induced generation of reactive oxygen species in skeletal muscle extracellular space

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (5) ◽  
pp. C1152-C1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. McArdle ◽  
J. van der Meulen ◽  
G. L. Close ◽  
D. Pattwell ◽  
H. Van Remmen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Hydroxyl Radical ◽  
Hydroxyl Radicals ◽  
Extracellular Space ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Superoxide Anions ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Mnsod Activity

Contractions of skeletal muscles produce increases in concentrations of superoxide anions and activity of hydroxyl radicals in the extracellular space. The sources of these reactive oxygen species are not clear. We tested the hypothesis that, after a demanding isometric contraction protocol, the major source of superoxide and hydroxyl radical activity in the extracellular space of muscles is mitochondrial generation of superoxide anions and that, with a reduction in MnSOD activity, concentration of superoxide anions in the extracellular space is unchanged but concentration of hydroxyl radicals is decreased. For gastrocnemius muscles from adult (6–8 mo old) wild-type ( Sod2+/+) mice and knockout mice heterozygous for the MnSOD gene ( Sod2+/-), concentrations of superoxide anions and hydroxyl radical activity were measured in the extracellular space by microdialysis. A 15-min protocol of 180 isometric contractions induced a rapid, equivalent increase in reduction of cytochrome c as an index of superoxide anion concentrations in the extracellular space of Sod2+/+ and Sod2+/- mice, whereas hydroxyl radical activity measured by formation of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate from salicylate increased only in the extracellular space of muscles of Sod2+/+ mice. The lack of a difference in increase in superoxide anion concentration in the extracellular space of Sod2+/+ and Sod2+/- mice after the contraction protocol supported the hypothesis that superoxide anions were not directly derived from mitochondria. In contrast, the data obtained suggest that the increase in hydroxyl radical concentration in the extracellular space of muscles from wild-type mice after the contraction protocol most likely results from degradation of hydrogen peroxide generated by MnSOD activity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document