scholarly journals Waste Material Adsorbents for Zinc Removal from Wastewater: A Comprehensive Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haider M. Zwain ◽  
Mohammadtaghi Vakili ◽  
Irvan Dahlan
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Green Macroalgae ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cassava Waste

This review examines a variety of adsorbents and discusses mechanisms, modification methods, recovery and regeneration, and commercial applications. A summary of available researches has been composed by a wide range of potentially low-cost modified adsorbents including activated carbon, natural source adsorbents (clay, bentonite, zeolite, etc.), biosorbents (black gram husk, sugar-beet pectin gels, citrus peels, banana and orange peels, carrot residues, cassava waste, algae, algal, marine green macroalgae, etc.), and byproduct adsorbents (sawdust, lignin, rice husk, rice husk ash, coal fly ash, etc.). From the literature survey, different adsorbents were compared in terms of Zn2+adsorption capacity; also Zn2+adsorption capacity was compared with other metals adsorption. Thus, some of the highest adsorption capacities reported for Zn2+are 168 mg/g powdered waste sludge, 128.8 mg/g dried marine green macroalgae, 73.2 mg/g lignin, 55.82 mg/g cassava waste, and 52.91 mg/g bentonite. Furthermore, modification of adsorbents can improve adsorption capacity. Regeneration cost is important, but if consumption of virgin adsorbent is reduced, then multiple economic, industrial, and environmental benefits can be gained. Finally, the main drawback of the already published Zn2+adsorption researches is that their use is still in the laboratory stage mostly without scale-up, pilot studies, or commercialization.

scholarly journals Influence of inlet air distributor geometry on the fluid dynamics of conical spouted beds: A CFD study

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.N.M. Batista ◽  
R.C. Brito ◽  
R. Béttega
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Straight Tube ◽  
Spouted Bed ◽  
Bed Height ◽  
Spouted Beds ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Solid Dynamics

The spouted bed presents limitations in terms of scale-up. Furthermore, its stability depends on its geometry as well as the properties of the fluid and solid phases. CFD provides an important tool to improve understanding of these aspects, enabling a wide range of information to be obtained rapidly and at low cost. In this work, CFD simulation was used to evaluate the effects of different inlet air distributors (Venturi and straight tube) and the effects of static bed height on the fluid and solid dynamics of a conical spouted bed. Simulations were performed using the two-dimensional Euler-Euler approach. In order to evaluate the fluid dynamics model, static pressure data obtained by simulation were compared with experimental data obtained with the Venturi distributor. The fluid and solid dynamics of the conical spouted bed were obtained by CFD simulation. The results showed that the pressure drop was lower for the straight tube air distributor, while the Venturi air distributor provided higher stability and a more homogenous air distribution at the bed entrance.

scholarly journals CuAl LDH/Rice Husk Biochar Composite for Enhanced Adsorptive Removal of Cationic Dye from Aqueous Solution

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 525-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neza Rahayu Palapa ◽  
Tarmizi Taher ◽  
Bakri Rio Rahayu ◽  
Risfidian Mohadi ◽  
Addy Rachmat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Malachite Green ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Cationic Dye ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Adsorptive Removal

The preparation of CuAl LDH and biochar (BC) composite derived from rice husk and its application as a low-cost adsorbent for enhanced adsorptive removal of malachite green has been studied. The composite was prepared by a one-step coprecipitation method and characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and Scanning Electron Microscopy - Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM−EDX). The result indicated that CuAl LDH was successfully incorporated with the biochar that evidenced by the broadening of XRD peak at 2θ = 24° and the appearance of a new peak at 1095 cm−1 on the FTIR spectra. The BET surface area analysis revealed that CuAl/BC composite exhibited a larger surface area (200.9 m2/g) that the original CuAl LDH (46.2 m2/g). Surface morphological changes also confirmed by SEM image, which showed more aggregated particles. The result of the adsorption study indicated the composite material was efficient in removing malachite green with Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity of CuAl/BC reaching 470.96 mg/g, which is higher than the original CuAl LDH 59.523 mg/g. The thermodynamic analysis suggested that the adsorption of malachite green occurs spontaneously (ΔG < 0 at all tested temperature) and endothermic nature. Moreover, the CuAl/BC composite showed strong potential as a low-cost adsorbent for cationic dye removal since it showed not only a high adsorption capacity but also good reusability. Copyright © 2020 BCREC Group. All rights reserved

The Behaviors of Removing Silver Ions by Low-Cost Expanded Rice Husk, Nature Diatomite and Nature Bentonite as Sorbents

2012 ◽  
Vol 724 ◽  
pp. 472-475
Author(s):  
Xuan Liang ◽  
Xue Gang Luo ◽  
Xiao Yan Lin ◽  
Qiang Mei
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Silver Ions ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Influence Of Ph ◽  
By Products

Low cost industrial and agricultural by-products are promising materials for water pollution treatment such as removal of heavy metals. This work deals with removal of silver ions from solutions using expanded rice husk (ERH), nature diatomite (ND) and nature bentonite (NB). Firstly the influence of pH value of the solution on adsorption capacity for silver ions was studied, and then the effect of initial silver concentration on adsorbents adsorption capacity was investigated. The silver ions removal percentage increases with initial pH and achieves a maximum value of nearly 94% at pH= 5.0 ± 0.5 for ERH. The maximum adsorption capacity is 18.6 mg/g for ERH.

scholarly journals Sustainable Removal of Cr(VI) by Lime Peel and Pineapple Core Wastes

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio Rosales ◽  
Silvia Escudero ◽  
Marta Pazos ◽  
Mª Angeles Sanromán
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Coefficient ◽  
Desirability Function ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Distribution Coefficients ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Lime Peel

The search for efficient and environmentally friendly adsorbents has positioned lignocellulosic materials as attractive and low-cost alternatives instead of synthetic materials. Consequently, the present work investigates the efficacy of untreated lime peel (LM) and pineapple core (PP) as biosorbents for Cr(VI) removal. The maximum adsorption capacities (acquired at 24 h) of these sorbents were 9.20 and 4.99 mg/g, respectively. The use of these sorbents is expected to offer a rapid and efficient solution to treat effluents containing Cr(VI). Pineapple core showed the best biosorption properties and good distribution coefficients (distribution coefficient KD 8.35–99.20 mL/g) and the optimization of the adsorption was carried out by a response surface methodology using the Box–Behnken design. Thus, the effect of pH, biosorbent dosage, and temperature were assessed during the whole procedure. Three different responses were studied—Cr(VI) removal, Cr biosorption, and distribution coefficient—and the optimal conditions for maximizing the responses were identified by numerical optimization applying the desirability function. The resulting optimal conditions were: initial solution pH 2.01, biosorbent dosage 30 g/L, and temperature 30.05 °C. Finally, the process scale-up was evaluated by the simulation of the process working with a column of 100 L using the Fixed-bed Adsorption Simulation Tool (FASTv2.1). This research presents the obtained environmental benefits: i) reduction of pineapple waste, ii) Cr(VI) reduction and biosorption, iii) shortest sorption time for Cr, iv) properties that allow the biosorption process on the flow system, and v) low-cost process.

scholarly journals Removal of water hardness using zeolite synthesized from Ethiopian kaolin by hydrothermal method

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadele Assefa Aragaw ◽  
Adane Adugna Ayalew
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Zeolite Synthesis ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Water Softening ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract The use of low cost materials in zeolite synthesis becomes an area of important interest in water softening. This research is aimed to utilize kaolin for zeolite synthesis with hydrothermal method. Mechanical, thermal chemical treatments of raw kaolin were used for zeolite synthesis. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR), AAS, XRD, surface area (BET), differential scanning calorimetry and TGA were used to characterize kaolin and zeolite and UV–VIS/spectrometer were used for adsorption capacity of ion exchange. Effect of contact time, pH solution and temperature of the solution were studied for batch experiments. XRD values indicated that the prepared material is showed as fully crystalline and primarily amorphous. Before and after hardness removal sample transmittance percentage intensity showed a wide range of difference. From this study, it can be deduced that Zeolite can be used as a low cost water softening agent. At room temperature, the residue is well with calcium and badly with magnesium, whereas affinity toward Mg ions increases to acceptable levels at 60 °C. The cation exchange capacity of zeolite was found to be dependent on contact time. The batch experiments of removing Ca2+ and Mg2+ show that the adsorption capacity of zeolite in calcium ion is higher affinity than magnesium ion.

scholarly journals Removal of cadmium from aqueous solutions using industrial coal fly ash-nZVI

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 171051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lixia Ma ◽  
Qi Wei ◽  
Yueqin Chen ◽  
Qiuyang Song ◽  
Conghui Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Zerovalent Iron ◽  
Solution Properties ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Cd Removal

Batch experiments were conducted to test the effects of various solution properties, such as pH, temperature, initial concentration and anoxic and aerobic atmosphere, on Cd removal by nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) supported on industrial coal fly ash. Cd (II) could be removed by adsorption on fly ash-nZVI in a very short time (5 min) with high removal rates (greater than 99.9%) over a wide range of concentration (5–100 mg l −1 ). Cd (II) was physically adsorbed on the surface of fly ash-nZVI. The preparation of fly ash-nZVI can incorporate the use of waste media, making the overall adsorbent more removal efficient and low cost.

Determination of Adsorption Capacity of Agricultural-Based Carbon for Ni (II) Adsorption from Aqueous Solution

2014 ◽  
Vol 567 ◽  
pp. 20-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taimur Khan ◽  
Mohamed Hasnain Isa ◽  
Malay Chaudhuri ◽  
Raza Ul Mustafa Muhammad ◽  
Mohamed Osman Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Equilibrium Adsorption ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Rice Husk Carbon

The aim of the study was to prepare potentially cheaper carbon for the adsorptive removal of Nickle [Ni (II)] from aqueous solution. The adsorption capacity of the prepared carbon to remove Ni (II) from aqueous solution was determined and adsorption mechanism was investigated. Rice husk carbon was prepared by incineration in a muffle furnace. The incinerated rice husk carbon (IRHC) was characterised in terms of surface area, micropore area, micropore volume, average pore diameter and surface morphology. Adsorption of Ni (II) by IRHC was examined. The influence of operating parameters, namely, pH, initial concentration and contact time on adsorption of Ni (II) by IRHC was evaluated. Batch adsorption tests showed that extent of Ni (II) adsorption depended on initial concentration, contact time and pH. Equilibrium adsorption was achieved in 120 min, while maximum Ni (II) adsorption occurred at pH 4. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were studied and the equilibrium adsorption data was found to fit well with the Langmuir isotherm model. Langmuir constants Q° and b were 14.45 and 0.10, and Freundlich constants Kf and 1/n were 4.0 and 0.26, respectively. Adsorption of Ni (II) by IRHC followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. Being a low-cost carbon, IRHC has potential to be used for the adsorption of Ni (II) from aqueous solution and wastewater in developing countries.

Fermentation Production of Succinic Acid from Sucrose by Engineered Escherichia Coli JH208

2015 ◽  
Vol 1088 ◽  
pp. 503-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan Dong Lu ◽  
Yuan Yuan Xiong ◽  
Jin Fang Zhao ◽  
Jin Hua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Acid Yield ◽  
Recombination System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Recombinant Technology ◽  
By Products

Currently, succinic acid produced from microbial fermentation has attracted great interests by many researchers, due to its low cost and friendly environmental benefits. Among various microbe, Escherichia coli species have been considered as suitable succinic acid-producing strains, which could utilized a wide range of substrate. In order to acquire sucrose-consumed strains, a genetically modified E.coli JH208 was constructed using the RED recombination system and the flipase recognition target (FRT) site-specific recombinant technology. In 48 h, the production of succinic acid from sucrose by JH208 is 48.46 g/L, the productivity is 1.01 g L-1 h-1, with a succinic acid yield of 0.83 g/g sucrose. The by-products were very low in the fermentation, acetic acid was 4.22 g/L, the ethanol concentration was less than 0.10 g/L, and formic acid and ethanol was not detected.

Base-Mediated 1,6-Aza-Michael Addition of Heterocyclic Amines and Amides to para-Quinone Methides Leading to Meclizine-, Hydroxyzine- and Cetirizine-like Architectures

Synthesis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (23) ◽  
pp. 4434-4442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deblina Roy ◽  
Gautam Panda
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Heterocyclic Amines ◽  
Atom Economy ◽  
Quinone Methides ◽  
One Pot ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mild Temperature

An expeditious, cost-effective synthetic methodology for a wide range of nitrogen-containing unsymmetrical trisubstituted methanes (TRSMs) is reported. The synthesis involves base-mediated 1,6-conjugate addition of heterocyclic amines and amides to substituted para-quinone methides, giving the unsymmetrical TRSMs in moderate to very good yields (up to 83%) in one pot. The low cost, mild temperature, high atom economy and yields, easy scale-up and broad substrate scope are some of the salient features of this protocol. Further, the methodology could be extended for the synthesis of meclizine-, ­hydroxyzine- and cetirizine-like molecules. The structure of one such compound, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-((4-chlorophenyl)(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)phenol, was determined by single crystal X-ray analysis.

scholarly journals Adsorption of ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate onto rice husk biochar for nitrogen removal

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-44
Author(s):  
Vo Thi Minh Thao ◽  
Nguyen Thị Canh ◽  
Nguyen Lu Nguyet Hang ◽  
Nguyen Minh Khanh ◽  
Nguyen Ngoc Phi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Surface Functional Group ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Recirculating Aquaculture ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Original Size ◽  
Rice Husk Biochar

This study aims to investigate the adsorption capacity of ammonium NH4+, nitrite NO2- and nitrate NO3- onto rice husk biochar (RHB) obtained from 550 °C pyrolysis temperature in the context of using low-cost absorbent for recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). Raw RHB at its original size 5–8 mm has been choosen for testing its adsorption capacity as well as several key material properties (pHPZC, surface area, and elemental analysis). From surface functional group analysis, there existed the O–H group (at frequency 3443 cm-1), –CH3 (2360 cm-1), and either –C=O or C=C group (in the range of frequency 1600–1650 cm-1) as well as –COOH (1456 cm‒1) that helped enhance chemical adsorption. The experimental adsorption data has been roughly consistent with Langmuir and Freundlich models that used to calculate the maximum saturated monolayer adsorption capacity Q0max of ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate were 0.1003, 0.2477, and 0.1290 mg/g respectively. Therefore, RHB could be a potential candidate for biofilter application in both targets cost-efficient and sustainable that worth applied at scale.

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