Dynamics of Alloplastic Bone Grafts on an Early Stage of Corticotomy-Facilitated Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Beagle Dogs

Alveolar augmented corticotomy is effective in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement, but the effect only lasts for a relatively short time. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the underlying biology of the immediate periodontal response to orthodontic tooth movement after a corticotomy with alloplastic bone grafts. The results demonstrated that measurable tooth movement began as early as 3 days after the intervention in beagle dogs. Based on the results and histological findings, augmented corticotomy-facilitated orthodontic tooth movement might enhance the condition of the periodontal tissue and the stability of the outcomes of orthodontic treatment.

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Evaluation of IL1β and IL6 Gingival Crevicular Fluid Levels during the Early Phase of Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Adolescents and Young Adults

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11020521 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 521

Author(s):

Simina Chelărescu ◽

Petra Șurlin ◽

Mioara Decusară ◽

Mădălina Oprică ◽

Eugen Bud ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Early Stage ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Adolescents And Young Adults ◽

Periodontal Tissues ◽

Crevicular Fluid

Background: The crevicular fluid analysis represents a useful diagnosis tool, with the help of which noninvasive cellular metabolic activity can be analyzed. The aim of the study is to investigate comparatively IL1β and IL6 in the gingival crevicular fluid of clinically healthy adolescents and young adults during the acute phase of orthodontic treatment. Methods: Gingival crevicular fluid was collected from 20 patients (aged between 11 and 28) undergoing orthodontic treatment. Measurements were taken before (T0) and after 24 h after distalization forces were activated (T1). IL1β and IL 6 were analyzed using Elisa tests. The statistical tests used were two-sided t tests. Results: Between the two time periods there was a significant raise both in the crevicular fluid rate (0.57 µL at T0 vs. 0.95 µL at T1, p = 0.001) and in IL1β levels (15.67 pg/µL at T0 vs. 27.94 pg/µL at T1, p = 0.009). We were able to identify IL6 only in a third of the sites. There is a significantly increased level of ILβ at T1 in adolescents, more than in young adults (42.96 pg/µL vs. 17.93 pg/µL, p = 0.006). Conclusions: In the early stage of orthodontic treatment, the periodontal tissues of adolescents are more responsive to orthodontic forces than those of young adults.

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Peran matriks metaloproteinase-8 pada cairan krevikuler gingiva selama pergerakan gigi ortodontik

Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science ◽

10.15562/jdmfs.v9i1.232 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Susilowati Susilowati

Keyword(s):

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Cellular Response ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Early Stage ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Mechanical Stimulus ◽

Periodontal Tissue ◽

Crevicular Fluid

Orthodontic treatment usually involves tooth movement. The orthodontic force as anextrinsic mechanical stimulus, evokes a biologic cellular response in the periodontalsupporting ligament. At early stage, it causes inflammation of periodontal tissuewhich is followed by the release of cytokines, T cell, B cell, and then MMP enzyme.MMP-8 (collagenase 2) is a member of matrixin subfamily plays an important role inperiodontal ligament remodeling. It has capability to maintain the cellular structure,integrity, activity, and function of extracellular matrix of periodontal tissue. The maincomponent of extracellular matrix is tissue protein, i.e. collagen, fibronectin, andglicosaminoglycan. During orthodontic tooth movement, collagen degradation occursin extracellular matrix of periodontal tissue and alveolar bone. As a result, it enablesthe release of cells from extracellular environment, for example osteoblast moves toapposition and osteoclast to resorption sites that enable the tooth movement. Theexpression and level of MMP-8 can be assessed in the gingival crevicular fluid. Theaim of this review is to describe the role of MMP-8 in orthodontic tooth movement.

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Is Inflammation a Friend or Foe for Orthodontic Treatment?: Inflammation in Orthodontically Induced Inflammatory Root Resorption and Accelerating Tooth Movement

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22052388 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 2388

Author(s):

Masaru Yamaguchi ◽

Shinichi Fukasawa

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Mediators ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Orthodontic Forces ◽

Necrosis Factor

The aim of this paper is to provide a review on the role of inflammation in orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) and accelerating orthodontic tooth movement (AOTM) in orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is stimulated by remodeling of the periodontal ligament (PDL) and alveolar bone. These remodeling activities and tooth displacement are involved in the occurrence of an inflammatory process in the periodontium, in response to orthodontic forces. Inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins (PGs), interleukins (Ils; IL-1, -6, -17), the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α superfamily, and receptor activator of nuclear factor (RANK)/RANK ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) are increased in the PDL during OTM. OIIRR is one of the accidental symptoms, and inflammatory mediators have been detected in resorbed roots, PDL, and alveolar bone exposed to heavy orthodontic force. Therefore, these inflammatory mediators are involved with the occurrence of OIIRR during orthodontic tooth movement. On the contrary, regional accelerating phenomenon (RAP) occurs after fractures and surgery such as osteotomies or bone grafting, and bone healing is accelerated by increasing osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Recently, tooth movement after surgical procedures such as corticotomy, corticision, piezocision, and micro-osteoperforation might be accelerated by RAP, which increases the bone metabolism. Therefore, inflammation may be involved in accelerated OTM (AOTM). The knowledge of inflammation during orthodontic treatment could be used in preventing OIIRR and AOTM.

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Root Resorption in Orthodontic Treatment: Scoping Review

Orthodontic Journal of Nepal ◽

10.3126/ojn.v7i2.20166 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 47-51

Author(s):

Neeta Aryal ◽

Mao Jing

Keyword(s):

Scoping Review ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Conventional Radiography ◽

Promising Tool ◽

External Root Resorption ◽

Long Time ◽

Orthodontic Patients

Introduction: Root resorption is the loss of apical root tissue leading to the shortness of root which is often evident in orthodontic tooth movement. Proper management during orthodontic treatment however can minimize this undesirable outcome. The present article attempts to review the etiology of root resorption, methods of diagnosis, and strategies for prevention.Materials & Method: A scoping review was done with the purpose to carry out the narrative integration of the relevant evidences on root resorption and orthodontic treatment from the published literatures. The resulting papers were studied and reviewed thoroughly for the key explanation of root resorption in orthodontic patients. A total of 41 published research articles were reviewed.Discussion: According to the literatures root resorption is common iatrogenic outcome in orthodontic treatment. Biological, mechanical, and combined biological and mechanical factors result in external root resorption. Though most clinicians diagnose root resorption by conventional radiography, researches have clearly shown that CBCT is the promising tool. The clinicians need to counsel orthodontic patients and their parents that the root resorption might be a potential consequence of the treatment lasting for long time. In case of severity; it is essential to reassess the patient and minimize the underlying cause. It is necessary to understand the role of orthodontist in preventing root resorption

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Molar Uprighting: A Considerable and Safe Decision to Avoid Prosthetic Treatment

The Open Dentistry Journal ◽

10.2174/1874210601711010466 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 466-475 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Taísa Boamorte Raveli ◽

Dirceu Barnabé Raveli ◽

Kelei Cristina de Mathias Almeida ◽

Ary dos Santos Pinto

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Female Adult ◽

Bone Apposition ◽

Force System ◽

Second Molar ◽

Space Closure ◽

Practical Implications ◽

Lower Molar

Background: Tipped lower molar over edentulous space is very common in orthodontics practice when adults seek treatment. The segmented arch technique features a predictable force system that provides a controlled release of force that can produce light and continuous tooth movement. Case Description: A female adult patient, who lost a permanent lower first molar, needed correction of the position of her permanent first molar place. Instead of making space for rehabilitation, it was closed after second molar uprighting and a balanced interdigitation was created without prosthetics. The patient was successfully treated with segmented arch technique using root correction spring activated with geometry VI to promote uprighting of a tipped molar and Niti spring coil to promote space closure. Practical Implications: Segmented arch technique is known to provide predictable light and continuous forces, which is very much indicated in adult treatment. There are several things to consider when orthodontically treating adult patients. Their periodontal conditions might not be ideal, less bone apposition may occur, and side effects of orthodontic tooth movement are expected. Thus, a predictable and controlled orthodontic treatment is needed.

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Saliva Leptin Levels in Tooth Movement during Initial Stage of Orthodontic Alignment: A Pilot Study

Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences ◽

10.20396/bjos.v16i0.8651060 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Noraini Abu Bakar ◽

Wisam Kamil ◽

Lina Al Bayati ◽

Basma Ezzat Mustafa

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Mechanical Stress ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Initial Alignment ◽

Periodontal Tissues ◽

Before And After

Introduction: During orthodontic tooth movement, the early response of periodontal tissues to mechanical stress is an acute inflammatory reaction. Mechanical stress from orthodontic appliances is believed to induce cells in the periodontal ligament (PDL) to form biologically active substances, such as enzymes and cytokines, responsible for connective tissue remodeling (Nishijima Y et al 2006). Leptin, a polypeptide hormone has been classified as a cytokine (Zhang et al 1994). Earlier findings concluded that leptin at high local concentrations protects the host from inflammation and infection as well as maintaining bone levels. It has been also suggested that leptin plays a significant role in bone formation by its direct effect on osteoblasts (Alparslan et al 2010). This pilot study aimed to study leptin in saliva and its association with tooth movement during initial orthodontic alignment. Objectives: To determine if there are any differences in saliva leptin level before and after orthodontic alignment. Material and methods: Ten orthodontic patients (7 girls and 3 boys; mean age, 16.76 ± 1.1 years) with crowding (up to 5mm) that required orthodontic fixed appliances, on a non-extraction basis as part of the treatment plan, were recruited in this longitudinal study. Orthodontic study models were constructed at baseline and at 6- weeks after orthodontic treatment commenced. Full fixed orthodontic appliances with initial 0.014” Nickel Titanium archwire placed. The amount of crowding was measured, before and after initial alignment with an electronic digital caliper (Max-Cal, Japan Micrometer Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) with an accuracy of up to 0.01mm. Unstimulated morning saliva sample were collected at all visits, after at least an 8-hour period of fasting and no-toothbrushing. After centrifugation (4000x g;10min), the samples were stored at -25C and tested using Leptin Abnova LEP Human ELISA kit (KA3080) which was subsequently analyzed. Subjects’ periodontal health status was also monitored throughout the study. Ethical approval (ID IREC 262) was received on 7th April 2014 from International Islamic University Malaysia Research Ethics Committee (IREC). Results: Leptin concentration in saliva was significantly decreased in a time-dependant manner (t(9)=8.60, p<0.001), from before orthodontic treatment (7016.45± 425.15 pg/mL) and 6 weeks after bond-up (4901.92± 238.64 pg/mL). Conclusion: Leptin concentration in saliva is decreased during orthodontic tooth movement in initial alignment stage.

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Highly variable rate of orthodontic tooth movement measured by a novel 3D method correlates with gingival inflammation

Clinical Oral Investigations ◽

10.1007/s00784-020-03502-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Marc A. de Gouyon Matignon de Pontouraude ◽

Johannes W. Von den Hoff ◽

Frank Baan ◽

Robin Bruggink ◽

Marjon Bloemen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Markers ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Contact Point ◽

Anterior Segment ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Large Individual ◽

Gingival Inflammation

Abstract Objectives Individual orthodontic treatment duration is hard to predict. Individual biological factors are amongst factors influencing individual rate of orthodontically induced tooth movement (OTM). The study aim is to determine the rate of OTM by a novel 3D method and investigate parameters that may predict the rate of tooth movement. Materials and methods In this prospective cohort study, rate of OTM was determined from 90 three-dimensional intra-oral scans in 15 patients (aged 12–15) undergoing orthodontic treatment. For each patient, intra-oral scans were taken every week for up to 6 weeks (T0–T5). The teeth were segmented from the scans and the scans were superimposed on the palatal rugae. The rate of OTM was calculated for each tooth. Other parameters were gingival inflammation, contact-point displacement and the biological markers, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), MMP-9 and MMP-2 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Results Our study showed a high variation in the rate of OTM, varying from 0.15 to 1.24 mm/week. Teeth in the anterior segment tended to move more compared with the posterior segment. The contact point displacement and gingival inflammation varied greatly amongst the patients. The MMPs measured did not correlate with tooth movement. However, the gingival inflammation index showed a significant correlation with OTM. Future studies should include other biological markers related to bone-remodeling. Conclusion This novel and efficient 3D method is suitable for measuring OTM and showed large individual variation in rate of OTM. Clinical relevance Patients show different rates of OTM. The rate of OTM in an individual patient can provide guidance in timing of follow-up appointments.

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Molecular Markers of Early Orthodontic Tooth Movement

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/121508-638r.1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 79 (6) ◽

pp. 1108-1113 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Patricia Joyce Brooks ◽

Dorrin Nilforoushan ◽

Morris Frank Manolson ◽

Craig A. Simmons ◽

Siew-Ging Gong

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Ligament ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Early Stage ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Contralateral Side ◽

Tooth Root ◽

Ki 67 ◽

Related Transcription Factor ◽

Osteoclastic Differentiation

Abstract Objective: To understand the molecular basis of early orthodontic tooth movement by looking at the expression of KI-67, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 (RANKL) proteins. Materials and Methods: We employed a rat model of early orthodontic tooth movement using a split-mouth design (where contralateral side serves as a control) and performed immunohistochemical staining to map the spatial expression patterns of three proteins at 3 and 24 hours after appliance insertion. Results: We observed increased expression of KI-67, a proliferation marker, and RANKL, a molecule associated with osteoclastic differentiation, in the compression sites of the periodontal ligament subjected to 3 hours of force. In contrast, there was increased expression of KI-67 and Runx2, a marker of osteoblast precursors, in tension areas after 24 hours of force. Decreased KI-67 expression in the mesial and distal regions of the periodontal ligament was observed at the midpoint of the tooth root. Conclusions: The early RANKL expression indicates that at this early stage cells are involved in osteoclast precursor signaling. Also, decreased KI-67 expression found near the midpoint of the tooth root is believed to represent the center of rotation, providing a molecular means of visualizing mechanical loading patterns.

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