scholarly journals Highly variable rate of orthodontic tooth movement measured by a novel 3D method correlates with gingival inflammation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc A. de Gouyon Matignon de Pontouraude ◽  
Johannes W. Von den Hoff ◽  
Frank Baan ◽  
Robin Bruggink ◽  
Marjon Bloemen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Markers ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Contact Point ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Large Individual ◽  
Gingival Inflammation

Abstract Objectives Individual orthodontic treatment duration is hard to predict. Individual biological factors are amongst factors influencing individual rate of orthodontically induced tooth movement (OTM). The study aim is to determine the rate of OTM by a novel 3D method and investigate parameters that may predict the rate of tooth movement. Materials and methods In this prospective cohort study, rate of OTM was determined from 90 three-dimensional intra-oral scans in 15 patients (aged 12–15) undergoing orthodontic treatment. For each patient, intra-oral scans were taken every week for up to 6 weeks (T0–T5). The teeth were segmented from the scans and the scans were superimposed on the palatal rugae. The rate of OTM was calculated for each tooth. Other parameters were gingival inflammation, contact-point displacement and the biological markers, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), MMP-9 and MMP-2 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Results Our study showed a high variation in the rate of OTM, varying from 0.15 to 1.24 mm/week. Teeth in the anterior segment tended to move more compared with the posterior segment. The contact point displacement and gingival inflammation varied greatly amongst the patients. The MMPs measured did not correlate with tooth movement. However, the gingival inflammation index showed a significant correlation with OTM. Future studies should include other biological markers related to bone-remodeling. Conclusion This novel and efficient 3D method is suitable for measuring OTM and showed large individual variation in rate of OTM. Clinical relevance Patients show different rates of OTM. The rate of OTM in an individual patient can provide guidance in timing of follow-up appointments.

scholarly journals Evaluation of IL1β and IL6 Gingival Crevicular Fluid Levels during the Early Phase of Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Adolescents and Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 521
Author(s):  
Simina Chelărescu ◽  
Petra Șurlin ◽  
Mioara Decusară ◽  
Mădălina Oprică ◽  
Eugen Bud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Background: The crevicular fluid analysis represents a useful diagnosis tool, with the help of which noninvasive cellular metabolic activity can be analyzed. The aim of the study is to investigate comparatively IL1β and IL6 in the gingival crevicular fluid of clinically healthy adolescents and young adults during the acute phase of orthodontic treatment. Methods: Gingival crevicular fluid was collected from 20 patients (aged between 11 and 28) undergoing orthodontic treatment. Measurements were taken before (T0) and after 24 h after distalization forces were activated (T1). IL1β and IL 6 were analyzed using Elisa tests. The statistical tests used were two-sided t tests. Results: Between the two time periods there was a significant raise both in the crevicular fluid rate (0.57 µL at T0 vs. 0.95 µL at T1, p = 0.001) and in IL1β levels (15.67 pg/µL at T0 vs. 27.94 pg/µL at T1, p = 0.009). We were able to identify IL6 only in a third of the sites. There is a significantly increased level of ILβ at T1 in adolescents, more than in young adults (42.96 pg/µL vs. 17.93 pg/µL, p = 0.006). Conclusions: In the early stage of orthodontic treatment, the periodontal tissues of adolescents are more responsive to orthodontic forces than those of young adults.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Patients with Fixed Orthodontic Appliances

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevil Sema Atuğ Özcan ◽  
İsmail Ceylan ◽  
Erkan Özcan ◽  
Nezahat Kurt ◽  
İlhan Metin Dağsuyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Physiological Limits ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Materials Used

Aim.The aim of this study was to examine the changes in the levels of interleukine-1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in saliva and IL-1β, TNF-α, and NO in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples of patients with fixed orthodontic appliances.Material and Method.The subject population consisted of 50 volunteers who were in need of orthodontic treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances. GCF and saliva samples were obtained from all individuals before treatment, at 1st month of treatment and at 6th month of treatment. Periodontal clinical parameters were measured. Samples were investigated to detect IL-1β, TNF-α, and 8-OHdG levels using ELISA method and NO and MDA levels using spectrophotometric method.Results.Since IL-1βlevel detected in GCF at the 6th month of orthodontic treatment is statistically significant according to baseline (P<0.05), all other biochemical parameters detected both in saliva and in GCF did not show any significant change at any measurement periods.Conclusion.Orthodontic tooth movement and orthodontic materials used in orthodontic treatment do not lead to a change above the physiological limits that is suggestive of oxidative damage in both GCF and saliva.

scholarly journals MicroRNA-34 expression in gingival crevicular fluid correlated with orthodontic tooth movement

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 702-706
Author(s):  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Li Yang ◽  
Weilong Zheng ◽  
Ting Lin
Keyword(s):  
Baseline Level ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

ABSTRACT Objectives To explore the expression of miR-34a and its effect on expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Materials and Methods Twenty patients, age 12–18 years old, who underwent orthodontic treatment were enrolled. The expression of miR-34a and MMPs (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, and MMP-14) were detected in gingival crevicular fluid by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction at different time points. The miR-34a mimics or inhibitors were transfected into human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells, and the MMP expression was measured by ELISA. Results The miR-34 expression in GCF on both the tension and pressure sides after orthodontic treatment were significantly downregulated, while the levels of MMPs were significantly upregulated compared with baseline level. The levels of miR-34 and MMPs returned to baseline level 3 months after orthodontic treatment. The expression of miR-34 was negatively correlated with the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-14. After transfection with miR-34, the MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-14 expression by hPDL cells were significantly downregulated compared with miR-control and miR-34 inhibitor. Conclusions Downregulated miR-34 expression was positively correlated with MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-14 expression. The miR-34a transfection into hPDL cells inhibited expression of MMPs. The results suggest that miR-34a is involved in expression of MMPs during OTM.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with open gingival embrasures after orthodontic treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Su An ◽  
Yoon Jeong Choi ◽  
Ji Young Kim ◽  
Chooryung J Chung ◽  
Kyung-Ho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Contact Point ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Alveolar Crest ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms

ABSTRACT Objectives: To investigate the incidence of and contributing factors to open gingival embrasures between the central incisors after orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: One hundred posttreatment patients (29 men and 71 women; mean age, 24.7 years) were divided retrospectively into occurrence and nonoccurrence groups based on intraoral photographs. Based on the severity, the occurrence group was further divided into mild, moderate, and severe groups. Parameters from periapical radiographs, superimposed lateral cephalograms, and study models were compared between the occurrence and the nonoccurrence groups by using independent t-tests and were also analyzed on the basis of severity via analysis of variance. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the contributing factors to open gingival embrasures. Results: The incidence of open gingival embrasures between the central incisors was 22% and 36% in the maxilla and the mandible, respectively. Lingual movement of the incisors, distance from the contact point to the alveolar crest after treatment, antero-posterior overlap of the two central incisors before treatment in the maxilla, and distance from the contact point to the alveolar crest after treatment in the mandible were significantly associated with the occurrence of open gingival embrasures (P &lt; .05). In the mandible, the amount of intrusion was significantly related to severity (P &lt; .05). Conclusions: The incidence of open gingival embrasures following orthodontic tooth movement is high. Therefore, attention should be paid to the contributing factors to prevent or reduce the occurrence of open gingival embrasures.

scholarly journals Amide I Band Analysis Applied to Vibrational Micro-Spectroscopies of Gingival Crevicular Fluid Samples for Orthodontic Treatment Monitoring

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Carlo Camerlingo ◽  
Ludovica Nucci ◽  
Fabrizia D’Apuzzo ◽  
Vincenzo Grassia ◽  
Letizia Perillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Deconvolution Analysis ◽  
Surface Enhanced ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman ◽  
Vibrational Spectroscopies ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Vibrational micro-spectroscopies were applied to investigate the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) for monitoring orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. The GCF samples were investigated using Fourier transform infrared, Raman, and surface-enhanced Raman micro-spectroscopies. The GCF spectra collected at different times of orthodontic tooth movement were used to characterize the biochemical changes occurring during the treatment. We examined the amide I band region by means of deconvolution analysis using Gaussian–Lorentzian curves for infrared spectra and Lorentzian curves for Raman spectra. This analysis allowed us to evidence the contribution of the different subcomponents of the amide I band and the changes occurring during orthodontic treatment. These changes can be ascribed to modifications in the secondary structure of protein content and could contribute to make vibrational spectroscopies a useful tool for monitoring the individual patient’s response to orthodontic force application.

scholarly journals Accelerated orthodontic tooth movement: surgical techniques and the regional acceleratory phenomenon

2022 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elif Keser ◽  
Farhad B. Naini
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Gingival Inflammation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Regional Acceleratory Phenomenon

Abstract Background Techniques to accelerate tooth movement have been a topic of interest in orthodontics over the past decade. As orthodontic treatment time is linked to potential detrimental effects, such as increased decalcification, dental caries, root resorption, and gingival inflammation, the possibility of reducing treatment time in orthodontics may provide multiple benefits to the patient. Another reason for the surge in interest in accelerated tooth movement has been the increased interest in adult orthodontics. Review This review summarizes the different methods for surgical acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement. It also describes the advantages and limitations of these techniques, including guidance for future investigations. Conclusions Optimization of the described techniques is still required, but some of the techniques appear to offer the potential for accelerating orthodontic tooth movement and improving outcomes in well-selected cases.

scholarly journals Salivary Metalloproteinase-8 and Metalloproteinase-9 Evaluation in Patients Undergoing Fixed Orthodontic Treatment before and after Periodontal Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1583
Author(s):  
Ioana-Andreea Sioustis ◽  
Maria-Alexandra Martu ◽  
Liana Aminov ◽  
Mariana Pavel ◽  
Petru Cianga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Tissue Reaction ◽  
Periodontal Treatment ◽  
Gingival Inflammation ◽  
Orthodontic Appliance ◽  
Periodontal Status ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Metalloproteinase 9

(1) Background: Metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) and metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) are members of a family of proteases of major importance during orthodontic tooth movement. Their levels increase during orthodontic therapy and in periodontally affected tissues. Orthodontic fixed appliances retain dental plaque and can cause gingival inflammation. When gingival inflammation is present, the forces produced during orthodontic tooth movement can aggravate tissue reaction and cause the destruction of supportive periodontal tissue. This study aimed to identify biomarkers that facilitate the assessment of periodontal status during orthodontic treatment. (2) Methods: Our study was conducted on 111 patients who were about to receive fixed orthodontic treatment. We determined the salivary levels of MMP-8 and MMP-9 and bleeding on probing (BOP) before applying the orthodontic fixed appliance (T1), one week after appliance placement (T2), and during orthodontic treatment, one month after non-surgical periodontal treatment (T3). (3) Results: Patients undergoing orthodontic treatment show a significant increase in BOP, MMP-8, and MMP-9 levels one week after orthodontic appliance placement (T2) and a decrease in these parameters one month after periodontal treatment (T3). Statistically significant correlations were found between MMP-8 levels and BOP values at T1, T2, and T3. (4) Conclusion: In our study patients undergoing orthodontic treatment show a significant increase in BOP, MMP-8, and MMP-9 levels one week after orthodontic appliance placement and a decrease in these parameters one month after periodontal treatment. Strong positive statistically significant correlations were found between MMP-8 levels and BOP and medium positive statistically significant correlations between MMP-9 and BOP values before and after orthodontic treatment and periodontal treatment. MMP-8, MMP-9, and BOP could be used to assess the periodontal status of orthodontic patients.

scholarly journals Application of Vibrational Spectroscopies in the Qualitative Analysis of Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Periodontal Ligament during Orthodontic Tooth Movement

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1405
Author(s):  
Fabrizia d’Apuzzo ◽  
Ludovica Nucci ◽  
Ines Delfino ◽  
Marianna Portaccio ◽  
Giuseppe Minervini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Data Analysis Procedure ◽  
Vibrational Spectroscopies ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Optical vibrational techniques show a high potentiality in many biomedical fields for their characteristics of high sensitivity in revealing detailed information on composition, structure, and molecular interaction with reduced analysis time. In the last years, we have used these techniques for investigating gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and periodontal ligament (PDL) during orthodontic tooth treatment. The analysis with Raman and infrared signals of GCF and PDL samples highlighted that different days of orthodontic force application causes modifications in the molecular secondary structure at specific wavenumbers related to the Amide I, Amide III, CH deformation, and CH3/CH2. In the present review, we report the most relevant results and a brief description of the experimental techniques and data analysis procedure in order to evidence that the vibrational spectroscopies could be a potential useful tool for an immediate monitoring of the individual patient’s response to the orthodontic tooth movement, aiming to more personalized treatment reducing any side effects.

scholarly journals Is Inflammation a Friend or Foe for Orthodontic Treatment?: Inflammation in Orthodontically Induced Inflammatory Root Resorption and Accelerating Tooth Movement

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2388
Author(s):  
Masaru Yamaguchi ◽  
Shinichi Fukasawa
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Orthodontic Forces ◽  
Necrosis Factor

The aim of this paper is to provide a review on the role of inflammation in orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) and accelerating orthodontic tooth movement (AOTM) in orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is stimulated by remodeling of the periodontal ligament (PDL) and alveolar bone. These remodeling activities and tooth displacement are involved in the occurrence of an inflammatory process in the periodontium, in response to orthodontic forces. Inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins (PGs), interleukins (Ils; IL-1, -6, -17), the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α superfamily, and receptor activator of nuclear factor (RANK)/RANK ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) are increased in the PDL during OTM. OIIRR is one of the accidental symptoms, and inflammatory mediators have been detected in resorbed roots, PDL, and alveolar bone exposed to heavy orthodontic force. Therefore, these inflammatory mediators are involved with the occurrence of OIIRR during orthodontic tooth movement. On the contrary, regional accelerating phenomenon (RAP) occurs after fractures and surgery such as osteotomies or bone grafting, and bone healing is accelerated by increasing osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Recently, tooth movement after surgical procedures such as corticotomy, corticision, piezocision, and micro-osteoperforation might be accelerated by RAP, which increases the bone metabolism. Therefore, inflammation may be involved in accelerated OTM (AOTM). The knowledge of inflammation during orthodontic treatment could be used in preventing OIIRR and AOTM.

scholarly journals Root Resorption in Orthodontic Treatment: Scoping Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Neeta Aryal ◽  
Mao Jing
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Conventional Radiography ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
External Root Resorption ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Orthodontic Patients

Introduction: Root resorption is the loss of apical root tissue leading to the shortness of root which is often evident in orthodontic tooth movement. Proper management during orthodontic treatment however can minimize this undesirable outcome. The present article attempts to review the etiology of root resorption, methods of diagnosis, and strategies for prevention.Materials & Method: A scoping review was done with the purpose to carry out the narrative integration of the relevant evidences on root resorption and orthodontic treatment from the published literatures. The resulting papers were studied and reviewed thoroughly for the key explanation of root resorption in orthodontic patients. A total of 41 published research articles were reviewed.Discussion: According to the literatures root resorption is common iatrogenic outcome in orthodontic treatment. Biological, mechanical, and combined biological and mechanical factors result in external root resorption. Though most clinicians diagnose root resorption by conventional radiography, researches have clearly shown that CBCT is the promising tool. The clinicians need to counsel orthodontic patients and their parents that the root resorption might be a potential consequence of the treatment lasting for long time. In case of severity; it is essential to reassess the patient and minimize the underlying cause. It is necessary to understand the role of orthodontist in preventing root resorption

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