scholarly journals Laser Cleaning Using Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser of Low Carbon Steel Alloys

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Ali ◽  
Z. A. Taha ◽  
T. S. Mansour
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Laser Cleaning ◽  
Nanosecond Laser ◽  
Cleaning Process ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Steel Alloys ◽  
532 Nm ◽  
Good Agreement

This paper represents the efforts to achieve the laser cleaning process of low carbon steel alloys AISI1005 and AISI1012 with 0.65 mm and 1 mm thickness, respectively. The cleaning experiments were performed with a Q-switched Nd:YAG nanosecond laser at wavelengths of 1064 nm and 532 nm. The parameters that have been selected for the present work are peak power which varies as 5, 15, 30, 40, and 50 MW and pulse repetition rate which varies from 1 to 6 Hz by 1 Hz increment. Effects of these parameters on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of the two alloys have been realized. Also predicted results of analytical model regarding the depth were compared with the experimental results which show a good agreement between both.

The Corrosion of Carbon Steel and Stainless Steel in Simulated Geothermal Media

1985 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
BG Pound ◽  
MH Abdurrahman ◽  
MP Glucina ◽  
GA Wright ◽  
RM Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Polarization Resistance ◽  
Iron Sulfide ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Passive Films ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Good Agreement

The corrosion rates of low-carbon steel, and 304, 316 and 410/420 stainless steels in simulated geothermal media containing hydrogen sulfide have been measured by means of the polarization resistance technique. Good agreement was found between weight-loss and polarization resistance measurements of the corrosion rate for all the metals tested. Carbon steel formed a non-adherent film of mackinawite (Fe1 + xS). The lack of protection afforded to the steel by the film resulted in an approximately constant corrosion rate. The stainless steels also exhibited corrosion rates that were independent of time. However, the 410 and 420 alloys formed an adherent film consisting mainly of troilite ( FeS ) which provided only limited passivity. In contrast, the 304 and 316 alloys appeared to be essentially protected by a passive film which did not seem to involve an iron sulfide phase. However, all the stainless steels, particularly the 410 and 420 alloys, showed pitting, which indicated that some breakdown of the passive films occurred.

The Initial Life and Short Crack Propagation Life for Low Carbon Steel Based on Dislocation Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 1145 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Yuan Long Yang ◽  
Qing Chun Meng ◽  
Wei Ping Hu
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Crack Propagation ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Short Crack ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Grain Sizes ◽  
Steel Material ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Good Agreement

In the paper, the relationship between the grain size and fatigue life are studied. To specify the initial and short crack propagation life of low carbon steel material, three methods are used in the simulation. At first, the K. Tanaka’s model is introduced to calculate the fatigue life of a grain. Then, the Voronoi Diagram is used to generate the microstructure of grains. At last, a criteria to specify the short crack is proposed. Based on these methods, the numerical simulation is conducted. With the help of the process, the grain sizes are generated randomly in order to specify how grain sizes effect fatigue life. The computational results are in good agreement with the experimental data. The results show that the randomness of fatigue life is closely related to the randomness of grain sizes.

Developing High Strength-High Toughness Low Carbon Steel Using Combined V-Ti-Micro-Alloying and Different Thermo-Mechanical Treatments

2018 ◽  
Vol 786 ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Hamed ◽  
Mamdouh Eissa ◽  
Abdelhakim Kandil ◽  
Omnia Ali ◽  
Taha M. Mattar
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Steel Alloys ◽  
Grain Sizes ◽  
The Impact

This work aims at designing and developing low carbon steel alloys to meet the high tensile strength, high ductility and high impact toughness properties. The effect of solid solution mechanism, precipitation hardening, as well as grain refinement were developed with different Manganese content (0.78-2.36wt%) combined with Vanadium(0.008-0.1wt%) and Titanium (0.002-0.072wt%) microalloying additions. The controlled thermo-mechanical treatments and chemical compositions play a big role in developing the microstructure and the corresponding mechanical properties. Therefore, the studied chemical compositions were treated thermo-mechanically by two different ways of changing start and finish forging temperatures with subsequent air cooling. The first way by start forging from 1050 to 830oC and the second from 950 to730oC. The second way of forging process developed finer grain sizes and higher ultimate tensile strengths for all the studied steel alloys. In spite of finer grain sizes, the impact toughness value was lower in the second regime due to detrimental influence of precipitation strengthening in the ferrite. A combination of 544 MPa yield strength, 615 MPa ultimate tensile strength, 20% elongation and 138 Joule impact toughness has been attained.

Theoretical Investigations and Simulation of the Hydroforming Processes Performed on C1010 Low Carbon Steel Tubes

2015 ◽  
Vol 799-800 ◽  
pp. 443-447
Author(s):  
Mohamed Mohamed ◽  
Ali Abd El-Aty ◽  
Abdel Aziz Hegazy ◽  
Nader Farahat
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Process Window ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Steel Tubes ◽  
Theoretical Investigations ◽  
Hydroforming Process ◽  
Good Agreement

This research aims at analyzing and optimizing the hydroforming process parameters to achieve a sound bulged tube without failure. Theoretical constitutive model is formulated to build up a working diagram including process window, which is used to optimise the process parameters and predict the formability and the failure of the tube accurately. The model is validated using the published experimental and analytical results of previous research works for 37% bulging ration of low carbon steel (C1010). The model gave a very good agreement with the published data.

Numerical Analysis and Control of Gas Carburizing under Changes in Gas Compositions

2006 ◽  
Vol 522-523 ◽  
pp. 589-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujiro Yokoyama ◽  
Tomoyuji Mizukoshi ◽  
Itsuo Ishigami ◽  
Tateo Usui
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Present Model ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Carbon Potential ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Gas Carburizing ◽  
And Control ◽  
Good Agreement

Low carbon steel, S15CK, was carburized at 1203K up to 12.93ks in a commercial furnace where RX gas converted from propane was employed as carrier gas. Gas compositions in the furnace were changed intentionally; consequently carbon potential changed from 0.8 to 1.2 mass%. The carbon content profiles were determined by a succession of grindings and carbon analyses of the ground surfaces with a vacuum type emission spectrometer. A mathematical model for calculation of carbon content profiles is proposed to describe carburizing behavior under time-variant gas compositions in a furnace. The calculated profiles were in good agreement with the experimental ones except the surface and its vicinity. This result indicates that the present model can be applied to gas carburizing in the furnace where gas compositions were changed.

Numerical Simulation of Dynamic Strain-Induced Austenite-Ferrite Transformation and Post-Dynamic Kinetics in a Low Carbon Steel

2012 ◽  
Vol 706-709 ◽  
pp. 1592-1597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Wu Zheng ◽  
Dierk Raabe ◽  
Dian Zhong Li
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Isothermal Holding ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Dynamic Strain ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Good Agreement

2-D cellular automaton model was developed to simulate the dynamic strain-induced transformation (DSIT) from austenite (γ) to ferrite (α) and the post-dynamic kinetic behavior in a low carbon steel with the purpose of developing a methodology of mesoscopic computer simulation for an improved understanding of the formation of ultra-fine ferrite (UFF) in DSIT and the conservation of this microstructure during the post-deformation period. The predicted microstructure obtained after DSIT was compared with a quenched dual-phase steel. Its microstructure, consisting of fine-grained ferrite and fine islands of retained austenite dispersed in the matrix, were found to be in good agreement with the predictions. The simulated results indicate that the refinement of ferrite grains produced via DSIT can be interpreted in terms ofunsaturatednucleation andlimitedgrowth mechanisms. It is also revealed that continuing transformation from retained austenite to ferrite and the reverse transformation both could take place simultaneously during the post-deformation isothermal holding. A competition between them exists at the early stage of the post-dynamic transformation.

Voltage-Pulsed and Laser-Pulsed Atom Probe Tomography of a Multiphase High-Strength Low-Carbon Steel

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 950-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Mulholland ◽  
David N. Seidman
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Atom Probe ◽  
Atomic Density ◽  
Metal Carbide ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Pulse Energies ◽  
532 Nm ◽  
Magnification Effect

AbstractThe differences in artifacts associated with voltage-pulsed and laser-pulsed (wavelength = 532 or 355 nm) atom-probe tomographic (APT) analyses of nanoscale precipitation in a high-strength low-carbon steel are assessed using a local-electrode atom-probe tomograph. It is found that the interfacial width of nanoscale Cu precipitates increases with increasing specimen apex temperatures induced by higher laser pulse energies (0.6–2 nJ pulse−1 at a wavelength of 532 nm). This effect is probably due to surface diffusion of Cu atoms. Increasing the specimen apex temperature by using pulse energies up to 2 nJ pulse−1 at a wavelength of 532 nm is also found to increase the severity of the local magnification effect for nanoscale M2C metal carbide precipitates, which is indicated by a decrease of the local atomic density inside the carbides from 68 ± 6 nm−3 (voltage pulsing) to as small as 3.5 ± 0.8 nm−3. Methods are proposed to solve these problems based on comparisons with the results obtained from voltage-pulsed APT experiments. Essentially, application of the Cu precipitate compositions and local atomic density of M2C metal carbide precipitates measured by voltage-pulsed APT to 532 or 355 nm wavelength laser-pulsed data permits correct quantification of precipitation.

scholarly journals Characteristic Evaluation on Bolt Stress by Ultrasonic Nondestructive Methods

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinxue Pan ◽  
Shuai Liu ◽  
Xiao Li ◽  
Chunguang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Axial Stress ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Nondestructive Method ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Longitudinal Waves ◽  
Bolt Stress ◽  
Good Agreement

Based on the acoustoelasticity theory, a certain relationship exists between ultrasonic velocity and stress. By combining shear and longitudinal waves, this paper provides a nondestructive method of evaluating axial stress in a tightened bolt. For measuring the bolt axial stress in different situations, such as under low or high loads, this paper provides guidelines for calculating the stress for a given load factor. Experimental and calculated results were compared for three bolt test samples: an austenitic stainless steel bolt (A2-70) and low-carbon steel 4.8 and 8.8 bolts. On average, the experimental results were in good agreement with those obtained through calculations, thus providing a nondestructive method for bolt stress measurements.

scholarly journals Non-destructive Characteristics of Ultrasonic Waves in 1018 Low Carbon Steel

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (3S1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Do Trung Kien ◽  
Pham Thi Tuyet Nhung ◽  
Pham Van Thanh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Longitudinal Wave ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Absorption Coefficients ◽  
Ultrasonic Shear ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Good Agreement

In this paper, the dependences of the velocities and the absorption coefficients of ultrasonic waves transmitted in 1018 low carbon steel on temperature ranging from 0\(^{\circ}\)C to 50\(^{\circ}\)C were investigated. It was shown that the velocities of the ultrasonic longitudinal wave and ultrasonic shear wave were decreased when the temperature increased. The transportation of the ultrasonic longitudinal wave and ultrasonic shear wave depends on temperature and its coefficient in a temperature range of (0 - 50 \(^{\circ}\)C) was estimated about 0.8 m/s.\(^{\circ}\)C and 0.44~m/s.\(^{\circ}\)C, respectively. These obtained results are in good agreement with the theoretical prediction. Furthermore, the absorption coefficients of the ultrasonic longitudinal wave were also studied.

Development of trimming technology for hot rolled ultra-low carbon steel

1993 ◽  
Vol 90 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 917-922
Author(s):  
Y. Matsuda ◽  
M. Nishino ◽  
J. Ikeda
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Ultra Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Hot Rolled
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