scholarly journals Experimental Inoculation of BFDV-Positive Budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) with TwoMycobacterium aviumsubsp.aviumIsolates

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Ledwoń ◽  
Rafał Sapierzyński ◽  
Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopeć ◽  
Piotr Szeleszczuk ◽  
Marcin Kozak
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Infected Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Melopsittacus Undulatus ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Pavo Cristatus ◽  
Experimental Inoculation ◽  
Feather Disease Virus

Beak and feather disease virus- (BFDV-) positive (naturally infected) but clinically healthy budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) were inoculated with two isolates ofMycobacterium aviumsubsp.aviumisolated from naturally infected golden pheasant (Chrysolophus pictus) and peafowl (Pavo cristatus). During a period of more than two months after inoculation, samples of cloacal and crop swabs, faeces, and blood were obtained for BFDV andMycobacterium aviumtesting with PCR. Birds were euthanized nine weeks after inoculation. All infected budgerigars developed signs typical of mycobacteriosis, but more advanced clinical and pathological changes were visible in the group infected with the pheasant isolate. Only a few cloacal and crop swab samples were positive forMycobacterium aviumsubsp.aviumdespite advanced pathological changes in the internal organs. In the groups infected with mycobacterium isolates the frequency of BFDV-positive samples was higher than in the control group. In the infected groups the frequency of BFDV was substantially higher in the cloacal swabs of birds inoculated with the pheasant isolate than in the peafowl-isolate-infected group.

scholarly journals Experimental Infection of Snakes with Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola Causes Pathological Changes That Typify Snake Fungal Disease

mBio ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Lorch ◽  
Julia Lankton ◽  
Katrien Werner ◽  
Elizabeth A. Falendysz ◽  
Kevin McCurley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Ecology ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Fungal Disease ◽  
Infected Group ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Fungal Virulence ◽  
Snake Fungal Disease

ABSTRACT   Snake fungal disease (SFD) is an emerging skin infection of wild snakes in eastern North America. The fungus Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola is frequently associated with the skin lesions that are characteristic of SFD, but a causal relationship between the fungus and the disease has not been established. We experimentally infected captive-bred corn snakes (Pantherophis guttatus) in the laboratory with pure cultures of O. ophiodiicola. All snakes in the infected group (n = 8) developed gross and microscopic lesions identical to those observed in wild snakes with SFD; snakes in the control group (n = 7) did not develop skin infections. Furthermore, the same strain of O. ophiodiicola used to inoculate snakes was recovered from lesions of all animals in the infected group, but no fungi were isolated from individuals in the control group. Monitoring progression of lesions throughout the experiment captured a range of presentations of SFD that have been described in wild snakes. The host response to the infection included marked recruitment of granulocytes to sites of fungal invasion, increased frequency of molting, and abnormal behaviors, such as anorexia and resting in conspicuous areas of enclosures. While these responses may help snakes to fight infection, they could also impact host fitness and may contribute to mortality in wild snakes with chronic O. ophiodiicola infection. This work provides a basis for understanding the pathogenicity of O. ophiodiicola and the ecology of SFD by using a model system that incorporates a host species that is easy to procure and maintain in the laboratory. IMPORTANCE Skin infections in snakes, referred to as snake fungal disease (SFD), have been reported with increasing frequency in wild snakes in the eastern United States. While most of these infections are associated with the fungus Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola, there has been no conclusive evidence to implicate this fungus as a primary pathogen. Furthermore, it is not understood why the infections affect different host populations differently. Our experiment demonstrates that O. ophiodiicola is the causative agent of SFD and can elicit pathological changes that likely impact fitness of wild snakes. This information, and the laboratory model we describe, will be essential in addressing unresolved questions regarding disease ecology and outcomes of O. ophiodiicola infection and helping to conserve snake populations threatened by the disease. The SFD model of infection also offers utility for exploring larger concepts related to comparative fungal virulence, host response, and host-pathogen evolution.

A novel genotype of beak and feather disease virus in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus)

Virus Genes ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirohito Ogawa ◽  
Hiroshi Katoh ◽  
Naoko Sanada ◽  
Yasuyuki Sanada ◽  
Kenji Ohya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Melopsittacus Undulatus ◽  
Novel Genotype ◽  
Feather Disease Virus

scholarly journals A study of acute toxicity of dry extracts of the earth almond (chufa) tubers and herb

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-67
Author(s):  
S. M. Marchyshyn ◽  
L. V. Slobodianiuk ◽  
I. M. Ivasiuk
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Subcutaneous Layer ◽  
And Control

The aim of the work – to study the acute toxicity of dry extracts obtained from herb and tubers of the earth almond. Materials and methods. The objects of research were dry extracts obtained from herb and tubers of the Cyperus esculentus L. (chufa). Acute toxicity of dry extracts, obtained from the earth almond herb and tubers, was studied with V. B. Prozorovskyi’s method on 42 white nonlinear mice of both sexes weighing 21–25 g, divided into groups (each comprising 3 males and 3 females). The studied extracts were administered once intraperitoneally in doses of 1000 mg/kg, 3000 mg/kg and 5000 mg/kg. The animals were observed for 14 days. Results. Single intraperitoneal administration of dry extracts obtained from herb and tubers of the earth almond at doses of 1000 mg/kg, 3000 mg/kg and 5000 mg/kg did not affect the dynamics of mice’s body weight in comparison with the control group. Experimental and control animals gained weight in accordance with physiological norms. External examination of the animals showed no signs of pathological changes in their condition: the hair and skin were clean, the subcutaneous layer of adipose tissue was moderate, signs of skin damage and inflammatory lesions were not observed on the mucous membranes. Besides, visual estimation of the internal organs condition showed no signs of pathological changes. Conclusions. According to the results of acute toxicity determination based on the classification by K. K. Sydorov, dry extracts obtained from herb and tubers of the earth almond, can be attributed to class VI toxicity – almost harmless substances, LD50 >5000 mg/kg.

A unique isolate of beak and feather disease virus isolated from budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) in South Africa

2010 ◽  
Vol 155 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvind Varsani ◽  
Gillian K. de Villiers ◽  
Guy L. Regnard ◽  
Robert R. Bragg ◽  
Kulsum Kondiah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Melopsittacus Undulatus ◽  
Feather Disease Virus

scholarly journals Avian Polyomavirus Genome Sequences Recovered from Parrots in Captive Breeding Facilities in Poland

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anisha Dayaram ◽  
Tomasz Piasecki ◽  
Klaudia Chrząstek ◽  
Robyn White ◽  
Laurel Julian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Melopsittacus Undulatus ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Psittacula Krameri ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Avian Polyomavirus ◽  
Feather Disease Virus

Eight genomes of avian polyomaviruses (APVs) were recovered and sequenced from deceased Psittacula eupatria , Psittacula krameri , and Melopsittacus undulatus from various breeding facilities in Poland. Of these APV-positive samples, six had previously tested positive for beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) and/or parrot hepatitis B virus (PHBV).

Circovirus-Infektionen bei Ziervögeln und Tauben: eine Übersicht

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (04) ◽  
pp. 251-256
Author(s):  
R. Raue ◽  
R. Johne ◽  
Maria-Elisabeth Krautwald-Junghanns ◽  
H. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Chicken Anaemia Virus ◽  
Feather Disease Virus

Zusammenfassung:Bei Vögeln sind Circovirus-Infektionen seit langem bekannt. Neben dem Virus der infektiösen Anämie der Küken (chicken anaemia virus, CAV) ist hier vor allem das Virus der Schnabel- und Federkrankheit der Papageien (psittacine beak and feather disease virus, PBFDV) zu nennen. Die meisten Spezies der Ordnung Psittaciformes sowie einige andere Arten sind für das PBFDV empfänglich. Die Erkrankung manifestiert sich nicht nur bei den Nestlingen der Papageien, sondern auch bei adulten Vögeln. Bei diesen kommt es zu irreversiblen Schäden im Federkleid, bis hin zur vollständigen Federlosigkeit. Zudem erfahren infizierte Tiere eine starke Immunsuppression, die sie sehr anfällig für Sekundärinfektionen macht. Neben dem PBFDV wurden kürzlich weitere Circoviren beschrieben, die bei Tauben oder Kanarienvögeln vorkommen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit soll eine Übersicht über die Circovirus-Infektionen bei Ziervögeln und Tauben gegeben werden. Neben der klinischen Symptomatik sind die zur Zeit gebräuchlichen diagnostischen Nachweisverfahren und die Möglichkeiten zur Prophylaxe weitere Schwerpunkte.

Liver, Kidney Function Tests and Oxidative Damage During and after Treatment of Salmonella typhimurium Infection in Experimental Local Rabbits

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Salah Hasan ◽  
Ayman Barzan Abdulgafor ◽  
Maher Saber Owain ◽  
Mohammed Ali Hussein ◽  
Qusay Mohammed Aboud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Infected Group ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Kidney Damage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

This study aimed to evaluate the liver, kidney damage caused by S. typhimurium and to estimate the oxidative damage in association with this bacteria. A highly virulent isolates of S. typhimurium were obtained from the department of internal and preventive medicine/ College of Veterinary Medicine/ University of Baghdad. A twenty five local rabbits of both genders with age range (2-4 months) weeks old were used for this study, the rabbits were divided randomly into five groups each group contains 5 rabbits :- group 1: drenched orally with 5 ml of normal saline and consider as control group, group 2: were drenched orally with (5 ml) suspension which contain (5��109 CFU) of Salmonella typhimurium and regarded as infected group, group 3 were drenched orally with (5 ml) suspension which have (5��109 CFU) of Salmonella typhimurium then treated with a single dose of gentamicin alone at 0.05ml/kg (5mg/ml) orally after presence of signs (after 24hrs. post inoculation), group 4 were drenched (5 ml) suspension having (5��109 CFU) of Salmonella typhimurium then treated with a single dose of Ca-EDTA alone at 40mg/kg orally after presence of signs (after 24hrs. post inoculation) and group 5 were drenched (5 ml) suspension that contain (5��109 CFU) of Salmonella typhimurium then treated with a single dose of combined gentamicin at 0.05ml/kg (5mg/ml) orally after presence of signs (after 24hrs. post inoculation) and Ca-EDTA 40mg/kg after presence of signs (after 24hrs. post inoculation).The results of biochemical profile showed a significant increase (p less than 0.05) in ALT, creatinine and urea levels in infected group as compared with control group, while, the treated groups especially group 5 showed a significant improvement in ALT, Urea and creatinine levels which returned to relative normal levels as compared with infected group after 96hrs. post treatment. Also, the results of oxidative stress showed a significant increase in the levels of MDA in G2, G3, G4 and G5 after 48 hrs. post treatment, while the level of GSH showed a significant decrease in the level at 48hrs., both were returned to relative normal levels after 96hrs.post treatment especially in group 5.In conclusion, S. typhimurium can causing liver and kidney damage which is manifested by increase ALT, Urea and Creatinine. Also, MDA and GSH is increased due to salmonellosis.

CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS PECULIARITIES IN MEN UNDER 60 YEARS OLD WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASES

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Tupitsyn V.V. ◽  
Bataev Kh.M. ◽  
Men’shikova A.N. ◽  
Godina Z.N.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
History Of

Relevance. Information about the cardiovascular diseases risk factors (CVD RF) for in men with chronic lung inflam-matory pathology (CLID) is contradictory and requires clarification. Aim. To evaluate the peculiarities of CVD RF in men under 60 years of age with CLID in myocardial infarction (MI) to improve prevention. Material and methods. The study included men aged 19-60 years old with type I myocardial infarction. Patients are divided into two age-comparable groups: I - the study group, with CLID - 142 patients; II - control, without it - 424 patients. A comparative analysis of the frequency of observation of the main and additional cardiovascular risk fac-tors in groups was performed. Results. In patients of the study group, more often than in the control group we observed: hereditary burden of is-chemic heart disease (40.8 and 31.6%, respectively; p = 0.0461) and arterial hypertension (54.2 and 44.6%; p = 0.0461), frequent colds (24.6 and 12.0%; p = 0.0003), a history of extrasystoles (19.7 and 12.7%; p = 0.04); chronic foci of infections of internal organs (75.4 and 29.5%; p˂0.0001), non-ulcer lesions of the digestive system (26.1 and 14.6%; p = 0.007), smoking (95.1 and 66.3%; p˂0.0001), MI in winter (40.8 and 25.9%; p = 0.006). Less commonly were observed: oral cavity infections (9.2 and 23.6%; p˂0.0001); hypodynamia (74.5 and 82.5%; p = 0.0358), over-weight (44.4 and 55.2%; p = 0.0136), a subjective relationship between the worsening of the course of coronary heart disease and the season of the year (43.7 and 55.2%; p = 0.0173) and MI - in the autumn (14.1 and 21.9%; p = 0.006) period. Conclusions. The structure of CVD RF in men under 60 years of age with CLID with MI is characterized by the pre-dominance of smoking, non-ulcer pathology of the digestive system, frequent pro-student diseases, meteorological dependence, a history of cardiac arrhythmias and foci of internal organ infections. It is advisable to use the listed factors when planning preventive measures in such patients.

The effectiveness of use of enterosorbent Shelltic Es when rearing of young pigs

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
S. Grikshas ◽  
N. Kulmakova ◽  
K. Spitsyna ◽  
A. Dar’in ◽  
T. Mittelshtein
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Carcinogenic Effects ◽  
Experimental Group

Mycotoxins have been formed in feed are secondary metabolites of fungi and are quite stable substances that have teratogenic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. An effective way to combat mycotoxins in feed is the use of feed additives that adsorb toxins, prevent their absorption in the gastrointestinal tract of the animal and are excreted from the body. The infl uence of coconut enterosorbent Shelltic Es on fattening and meat qualities of young pigs has been studied. It has been found in the process of fattening that the highest feed digestibility was in pigs of the experimental group, in the diet of which enterosorbent has been added. The results of studies of the chemical composition and technological properties of pork have been provided. The positive eff ect of enterosorbent on precocity, absolute average daily gain of live weight and reduction of feed expenditures per 1 kg of gain has been revealed. In pigs from the experimental group the average thickness of the fat was higher and the area of the “muscle eye” was lower compared with animals of the control group, which indicates that higher rates of carcass yield have been obtained due to faster accumulation of fat tissue. The weight of internal organs of pigs indicates the intensity of metabolic processes in the body. In experimental animals the weight of the lungs was 0,1 kg lower, and the liver and heart were higher by 0,13 and 0,01 kg, respectively. Enterosorbent had no effect on the content of vitamins in the liver of pigs of the compared groups. The content of impurities of organochlorine toxicants and toxic elements in the meat and liver of animals of the experimental group was lower than that of control analogues. Therefore, the use of enterosorbent Shelltic Es promotes more active excretion of them from the body.

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