scholarly journals A study of acute toxicity of dry extracts of the earth almond (chufa) tubers and herb

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-67
Author(s):  
S. M. Marchyshyn ◽  
L. V. Slobodianiuk ◽  
I. M. Ivasiuk
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Subcutaneous Layer ◽  
And Control

The aim of the work – to study the acute toxicity of dry extracts obtained from herb and tubers of the earth almond. Materials and methods. The objects of research were dry extracts obtained from herb and tubers of the Cyperus esculentus L. (chufa). Acute toxicity of dry extracts, obtained from the earth almond herb and tubers, was studied with V. B. Prozorovskyi’s method on 42 white nonlinear mice of both sexes weighing 21–25 g, divided into groups (each comprising 3 males and 3 females). The studied extracts were administered once intraperitoneally in doses of 1000 mg/kg, 3000 mg/kg and 5000 mg/kg. The animals were observed for 14 days. Results. Single intraperitoneal administration of dry extracts obtained from herb and tubers of the earth almond at doses of 1000 mg/kg, 3000 mg/kg and 5000 mg/kg did not affect the dynamics of mice’s body weight in comparison with the control group. Experimental and control animals gained weight in accordance with physiological norms. External examination of the animals showed no signs of pathological changes in their condition: the hair and skin were clean, the subcutaneous layer of adipose tissue was moderate, signs of skin damage and inflammatory lesions were not observed on the mucous membranes. Besides, visual estimation of the internal organs condition showed no signs of pathological changes. Conclusions. According to the results of acute toxicity determination based on the classification by K. K. Sydorov, dry extracts obtained from herb and tubers of the earth almond, can be attributed to class VI toxicity – almost harmless substances, LD50 >5000 mg/kg.

scholarly journals Експериментальне зараження поросят вірусом епідемічної діареї свиней

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (77) ◽  
pp. 208-213
Author(s):  
D. Masiuk ◽  
A. Sosnitskiy ◽  
A. Kokarev ◽  
S. Koliada
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Real Time System ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Neonatal Piglets ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

There were infected neonatal piglets in the first days of their lives PED virus suspension derived from pigs previously PED patients. Diagnosis for PED in piglets donor virus PED was inserted complex method for clinical and epizootic performance and confirmed the identification PEDV by PCR-RT using the test system «EZ-RED/TGE/PDCoV MPX 1.0 Real time RT-PCR» company Tetracore (USA) Thermocyclers CFX 96 Real-Time System company BIO RAD (USA). Homogenate small intestine of pigs PEDV donor, prepared in a blender for PCR in a thick band of 18 animal carcasses, frozen at -18 °C without cryopreservation and kept 359 days. Before infecting pigs and strip defrost by RT-PCR identified the concentration of the virus genome equivalents (GE) without establishing viable virions quantitative pathogen. For Sample 20 selected analog neonatal piglets, divided them into 3 experimental groups (group 1 – 5 piglets, group 2 – 5 piglets and group 3 – 7 piglets) and one control (3 piglets). Research pigs infected per os virus-containing suspension with a concentration PEDV 1.03×106 GE/cm3. The dose for infection first group was 6 cm3 (6.18×106 GE/cm3), for the second – 5 cm3 (5,15 × 106 GE/cm3), for the third – 4 cm3 (4.12 GE×106/cm3) homogenate. The fourth group – control (not infected). All the pigs were in identical conditions that fully meet the physiological needs of the body. Of the 17 infected pigs only 2 was infected PEDV. PED was confirmed by laboratory methods. In bacteriological examination of internal organs of pigs that came out of a research experiment and control group were diagnosed colibacteriosis. In the control group was isolated from heart and intestinal non-pathogenic for white mice E. coli. From pigs 1 and 2 research groups has been allocated to white mice nonpathogenic E. coli, is set colibacteriosis; 2 experimental group found in one pig hemolytic E. coli; 3 experimental group from the internal organs of pigs in conjunction with non-pathogenic for mice intestinal former cane isolated Klesiella spp., is diagnosed with mixed infection (E. coli, Klesiella spp.). From the intestine of experimental and control pigs do not identified beneficial microflora – aerococcus, lactobacteria, bifidobacteria and cultured putrefactive anaerobic spore facultative and non spore microflora.

scholarly journals The short – term nephropathological complications due to alloxan induction of diabetes mellitus in male rabbits

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
H. Kh. U. Al-Karagoly And K. F. AbdulKareem
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glomerular Hypertrophy ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Fasting Serum ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Alloxan Monohydrate ◽  
Histopathological Results ◽  
And Control

This study was conducted to assess the pathological changes in kidneys after twenty day from induction of diabetes mellitus in male rabbits.Sixteen male rabbits were used in this study and divided into two equal groups: diabetic group (Dm) and control group (Cm). Diabetes mellitus was induced by i.v injection of alloxan monohydrate at dose rate 100 mg/kg dissolved in 1 ml of normal saline. Blood was collected after three days to check fasting serum glucose.Serum glucose level was elevated starting from the 1st 3 days after induction of diabetes mellitus. The histopathological results revealed that there were: edema, glomerular hypertrophy and hypercellularity, as well as glomerular necrosis, glomerular swelling, glomerular congestion with glomerular cast and rupture. The conclusion that renal glomeruli and tubules affected progressively after short period from beginning of diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Haemato-biochemical alterations and acute toxicity study of hydro-methanol root extract of Anacardium occidentale in cockerels

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 10727
Author(s):  
Jacinta N. OMEKE ◽  
Onyinyechukwu A. AGINA ◽  
John I. IHEDIOHA ◽  
Aruh O. ANAGA ◽  
Wilfred S. EZEMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Group A ◽  
Different Doses

The study evaluated the haemato-biochemical alterations and acute toxicity of hydro-methanol root extract of Anarcaduim occidentale (AO) in cockerels. Forty chickens randomly assigned into four groups (A, B, C and D) of 10 birds each were used for the experiment. Groups A, B, C and D received 3000, 1500 and 500 mg/kg body weight of the extract and distilled water respectively. Relative weights, haematology, serum biochemistry, gross and histopathological features of the lymphoid organs of chickens were studied. No significant (P>0.05) variation was observed in their body weights. The white blood cell count of group A chicken were significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of groups B and C chickens. Serum biochemistry tests revealed significant (P<0.05) variations at different doses for the alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, serum total protein, albumin, cholesterol, triacylglycerol, uric acid, creatinine, calcium and phosphorus activities when compared to the control group.  Gross and histopathological examinations showed no overt alterations in the tissues examined. It was observed that varied doses of root extract of Anarcaduim occidentale caused significant decrease in haematology and serum biochemistry parameters of chickens and no obvious lesions in internal organs.

The clinical application of an innovative tracheotomy fixation belt in critically ill patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Gui-Li Zhang ◽  
Ping Hao ◽  
Zhi-Jing Shi ◽  
Lei Xu ◽  
Yun-Mei Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Fixation Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Observation Group ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Tracheotomy Tube ◽  
Skin Injury ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control

BACKGROUND: Tracheotomy is one of the first-aid measures for rescuing critically ill patients. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to observe the clinical effect of using an innovative tracheotomy fixation belt in critically ill patients and to explore the feasibility of using this fixation method. METHODS: Eighty critically ill patients requiring a tracheotomy in Putuo District Central Hospital of Shanghai were enrolled in this study and divided into the observation group and control group (n= 40, each). In the control group, fixation was performed with conventional cotton twill tape, while in the observation group the fixation was carried out using a tracheotomy fixation belt. The differences in neck skin injury, the occurrence of eczema, and the rate of detachment of the tracheotomy tube in the two groups were compared. RESULTS: The rate of neck skin injury was 7.5% lower in the observation group than in the control group (30%), and the difference was statistically significant (p< 0.05). The incidence of skin eczema was 5% lower in the observation group than in the control group (22.5%), and the difference was statistically significant (p< 0.05). The detachment rate of the tracheotomy tube was 5% lower in the observation group than in the control group (20%), and the difference was statistically significant (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION: The use of an innovative tracheotomy fixation belt can effectively reduce skin damage to the patient’s neck, the incidence of eczema, and the incidence of detachment of the tracheotomy tube.

scholarly journals Ріст і розвиток організму кролів за випоювання сполук силіцію

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (82) ◽  
pp. 82-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.I. Ivanitskaya ◽  
Ya.V. Lesyk ◽  
S.Y. Kropyvka ◽  
N.K. Hoivanovych
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Organic Compound ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Sodium Metasilicate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
And Control

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of putting up for 58 days life of various amounts of nanosilicon citrate infusion obtained by the method using nanotechnology and metasilicate sodium, on the growth and development of the body of the rabbits of the Hyla 110 of the diurnal age. The rabbits of the control group fed without restriction a balanced granulated feed with free access to water. Animals of the experimental groups I, II and III fed feed of the control group's diet and, during the day, dispensed the citrus application, accounting for 25; 50 and 75 μg Si/kg body weight. The females of the IV and V experimental groups feed the diet of the control group and set the sodium metasilicate (Na2SiO3H2O) with water in an amount of 2.5 and 5.0 mg Si/kg body weight, respectively. The trial lasted 68 days, including a preparatory period of 10 days, an experimental one of 58 days. On the 110-th day of life, animals of all groups were killed to determine the mass indices of carcasses, internal organs and skin. Exposure of nanosilicon citrate to animals in the I, II, and III experimental groups during 58 days was characterized by an increase in body weight of 4.0; 9.5 and 8.9%, while the use of sodium metasilicate in IV and V groups increased by 3.1 and 4.2% compared with the control group. The carcass weight correlation was correlated with body weight and in animals of groups ІІ and ІІІ, respectively, was higher by 10.6 and 9.0%, while in other experimental groups it was greater in the range from 2.4 to 2.9% compared with control. Research on the development of the body of rabbits indicated a tendency to a higher level of body mass index and internal organs in animal experimental groups than in the control, although the more pronounced differences were in rabbits I–III groups, which were deposited on nanosilicon citrus application. Ribbons infusion of citrate in comparison with metasilicate of sodium and control group, to a greater extent influenced the mass of the skin and the mass of the liver, which was reflected in an increase (P < 0.05) of their mass on 110 days of life. The use of an organic compound of silicon in the amount of 50 and 75 μg Si/kg of body weight, during 58 days, contributed to the activation of metabolic processes in the skin. Perhaps higher (P < 0.05) indices of the thickness of the dermis and subcutaneous fat and the total thickness of the skin of rabbits compared with the control group were established. The conducted studies showed more pronounced positive effects on the growth and development of the body of rabbits of the organic compound of silicon in the amount of 50 and 75 μg Si/kg body weight in comparison with its inorganic compound and control group. 

scholarly journals Experimental Inoculation of BFDV-Positive Budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) with TwoMycobacterium aviumsubsp.aviumIsolates

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Ledwoń ◽  
Rafał Sapierzyński ◽  
Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopeć ◽  
Piotr Szeleszczuk ◽  
Marcin Kozak
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Infected Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Melopsittacus Undulatus ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Pavo Cristatus ◽  
Experimental Inoculation ◽  
Feather Disease Virus

Beak and feather disease virus- (BFDV-) positive (naturally infected) but clinically healthy budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) were inoculated with two isolates ofMycobacterium aviumsubsp.aviumisolated from naturally infected golden pheasant (Chrysolophus pictus) and peafowl (Pavo cristatus). During a period of more than two months after inoculation, samples of cloacal and crop swabs, faeces, and blood were obtained for BFDV andMycobacterium aviumtesting with PCR. Birds were euthanized nine weeks after inoculation. All infected budgerigars developed signs typical of mycobacteriosis, but more advanced clinical and pathological changes were visible in the group infected with the pheasant isolate. Only a few cloacal and crop swab samples were positive forMycobacterium aviumsubsp.aviumdespite advanced pathological changes in the internal organs. In the groups infected with mycobacterium isolates the frequency of BFDV-positive samples was higher than in the control group. In the infected groups the frequency of BFDV was substantially higher in the cloacal swabs of birds inoculated with the pheasant isolate than in the peafowl-isolate-infected group.

Pathology Changes of Kidney in Mouse Following DBP&DEHP Exposure

2012 ◽  
Vol 554-556 ◽  
pp. 1660-1663
Author(s):  
Yu Lan Hao ◽  
Qing Zhao Li ◽  
Guo Ying Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Pathological Section ◽  
Butyl Phthalate ◽  
And Control ◽  
Ethylhexyl Phthalate ◽  
Dehp Exposure

The toxic effects of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate（DEHP）and di-n-butyl phthalate（DBP）on the kidney of mouse was studied. Forty mice were randomly divided into 4 groups , 10 mice in each group. There were three experimental groups:DBP+DEHP（2.5g/kgDEHP+0.5g/kgDBP）,DEHP(2.5g/kg）,DBP（0.5g/kg）and a control group which was given coin oil. The experiment was conducted through gavage every other day for 35 days. The organ coefficients were counted and pathological changes in kidney were observed. The weights of mice of each group increased with the time,but there were no difference between each group in statistic. The organ coefficients of kidney of DEHP and DBP&DEHP group were significantly higher than that of DBP group and control group. Infected groups appeared injury to some extend by observing the pathological section. It reveals DBP and DEHP have toxicity on kidney.

scholarly journals Acute Toxicity of Aflatoxin B1 in the Dog

1966 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Newberne ◽  
Raymond Russo ◽  
Gerald N. Wogan
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Similar Nature ◽  
Aflatoxin B ◽  
Oral Doses

This work is a study of the acute effects of aflatoxin B1 in dogs. The dog has a remarkable susceptibility to aflatoxin B1 given by oral and intraperitoneal routes. Intraperitoneal administration resulted in the shortest survival time and the most profound pathological changes. However, massive single oral doses produced lesions of similar nature and intensity. Oral administration of aflatoxin in small, divided doses, over extended periods proved to be less toxic. The experimentally induced disease resembled hepatitis X in many respects.

scholarly journals Macroscopical and Microscopical Changes of Body Organs after E. coli O157:H7 Inoculation in Puppies

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-49
Author(s):  
Mustafa Hasan ◽  
Afaf Yousif ◽  
Mohammed Alwan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Vacuolar Degeneration ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gross Lesions ◽  
And Control

E. coli O157:H7 are an important pathogen of human and animals. The puppies were divided into two groups randomly, infected group: (15 puppies) were drenched once orally with 5 ml bacterial suspension of PBS containing 5×107 CFU, and control group: (5 puppies) drenched 5 ml PBS, then specimens from internal organs including: kidney, intestine, liver, spleen, brain and lung after sacrificed puppies at (24hrs, 48hrs, 72hrs, 6 days, 12days, 24days, and 36days) from infected and control groups were used for histopathological examination. After inoculation, all animals were examined for presence or absence of signs. The shedding patterns of E. coli O157:H7 in feces were started after 24hrs. after inoculation and ceased at day 14th.The results of gross lesions of internal organs revealed no gross lesions in the intestine, kidney, lung and spleen at 24, 48 and 72 hours. While at days 6, 12, 24, 36 the intestine showed congestion and hemorrhage. Also the kidneys were swollen and showed congestion. The lung showed sever hemorrhages at day 12 post infection, also the spleen showed enlargement at day 24 post infection. The results of histopathological changes showed that E. coli O157:H7 infection caused thrombus development, necrosis, vacuolar degeneration of epithelial lining cells and congestion of blood vessels of kidney and intestine with superficial sloughing of epithelial mucosa of intestine at 24hrs and 48hrs. post-infection at 48hrs post-infection. Also the result revealed infiltration of inflammatory cells, vacuolar degeneration appeared in the examined organs at 72hrs. At 6-day post infection the infiltration of inflammatory cells became more prominent with severe congestion of blood vessels in examined organs. At day 12 post infection, there was mucus attachment in the epithelium of intestine, congestion of blood vessels, necrosis, with infiltration of the inflammatory cells in the examined organs. The most important event at day 24 post infection is the presence of regeneration in the intestine which became more prominent at day 36 post infection. This study aimed to highlighting the gross and histopathological effect of E. coli O157:H7 in different organs post inoculation in puppies. In conclusion, the shiga toxin can cause damage in many body organs like liver, spleen, kidney, lung, brain and intestine.

Conjugated Linoleic Acid Causes a Marked Increase in Liver α-Tocopherol and Liver α-Tocopherol Transfer Protein in C57BL/6 J Mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Min Chao ◽  
Wan-Hsuan Chen ◽  
Chun-Huei Liao ◽  
Huey-Mei Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Transfer Protein ◽  
And Control

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a collective term for the positional and geometric isomers of a conjugated diene of linoleic acid (C18:2, n-6). The aims of the present study were to evaluate whether levels of hepatic α-tocopherol, α-tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP), and antioxidant enzymes in mice were affected by a CLA-supplemented diet. C57BL/6 J mice were divided into the CLA and control groups, which were fed, respectively, a 5 % fat diet with or without 1 g/100 g of CLA (1:1 mixture of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12) for four weeks. α-Tocopherol levels in plasma and liver were significantly higher in the CLA group than in the control group. Liver α-TTP levels were also significantly increased in the CLA group, the α-TTP/β-actin ratio being 2.5-fold higher than that in control mice (p<0.01). Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were significantly decreased in the CLA group (p<0.01). There were no significant differences between the two groups in levels of three antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase). The accumulation of liver α-tocopherol seen with the CLA diet can be attributed to the antioxidant potential of CLA and the ability of α-TTP induction. The lack of changes in antioxidant enzyme protein levels and the reduced lipid peroxidation in the liver of CLA mice are due to α-tocopherol accumulation.

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