scholarly journals Genetic Variants in the Genes of the Stress Hormone Signalling Pathway and Depressive Symptoms during and after Pregnancy

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Schneider ◽  
Anne Engel ◽  
Peter A. Fasching ◽  
Lothar Häberle ◽  
Elisabeth B. Binder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Stress Hormone ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Over Time

Purpose. The aim of this study was to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes of the stress hormone signaling pathway, specificallyFKBP5,NR3C1, andCRHR1, are associated with depressive symptoms during and after pregnancy.Methods. The Franconian Maternal Health Evaluation Study (FRAMES) recruited healthy pregnant women prospectively for the assessment of maternal and fetal health including the assessment of depressiveness. The German version of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was completed at three time points in this prospective cohort study. Visit 1 was at study entry in the third trimester of the pregnancy, visit 2 was shortly after birth, and visit 3 was 6–8 months after birth. Germline DNA was collected from 361 pregnant women. Nine SNPs in the above mentioned genes were genotyped. After construction of haplotypes for each gene, a multifactorial linear mixed model was performed to analyse the depression values over time.Results. EPDS values were within expected ranges and comparable to previously published studies. Neither did the depression scores differ for comparisons among haplotypes at fixed time points nor did the change over time differ among haplotypes for the examined genes. No haplotype showed significant associations with depressive symptoms severity during pregnancy or the postpartum period.Conclusion. The analysed candidate haplotypes inFKBP5,NR3C1, andCRHR1did not show an association with depression scores as assessed by EPDS in this cohort of healthy unselected pregnant women.

scholarly journals Development and persistence of depressive symptoms in adolescents with CHD

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1115-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koen Luyckx ◽  
Jessica Rassart ◽  
Eva Goossens ◽  
Silke Apers ◽  
Leen Oris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Cardiac Symptoms ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Reported Health ◽  
Over Time

AbstractPatients with CHD are vulnerable to psychiatric disorders. The present study compared baseline depressive symptoms between adolescents with CHD and community adolescents, and also assessed the development and persistence of depressive symptoms in patients. We examined the implications of persistent depressive symptoms towards quality of life and patient-reported health. In total, 296 adolescents with CHD participated in a four-wave longitudinal study, with 9-month intervals, and completed measures of depressive symptoms – Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) – at time points one to four and of quality of life – linear analogue scale (LAS) – and patient-reported health – LAS and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory – at T (time) 4. Information about diagnosis, disease complexity, and previous heart surgery was collected from medical records. At T1, 278 patients were matched 1:1 with community adolescents, based on sex and age. The findings of this study indicate that patients scored significantly lower on depressive symptoms compared with community adolescents. Depressive symptoms in the total patient sample were stable over time and were unrelated to disease complexity. Based on conventional cut-off scores of the CES-D, substantial individual differences existed in the extent to which depressive symptoms persisted over time: 12.2% of the patients reported elevated depressive symptoms at minimally three out of the four time points. Especially physical functioning, cardiac symptoms, and patient-reported health at T4 were predicted by persistent depressive symptoms, even when controlling for the level of depressive symptoms at T4. Our findings indicate that those involved in the care of adolescents with CHD should remain vigilant to persistent depressive symptoms and arrange timely referral to mental healthcare services.

scholarly journals Brain microRNAs associated with late-life depressive symptoms are also associated with cognitive trajectory and dementia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas S. Wingo ◽  
Jingjing Yang ◽  
Wen Fan ◽  
Benjamin Logsdon ◽  
Se Min Canon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Alzheimer’S Dementia ◽  
Alzheimer's Dementia ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractObjectiveLate-life depression is associated with an increased risk for dementia, but our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying this association is limited. Hence, the authors investigated whether microRNAs, important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, contribute to this association.MethodLate-life depressive symptoms were assessed annually in 300 non-demented participants of the Religious Orders Study and Rush Memory and Aging Project for a mean of seven years using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale. Participants underwent annual cognitive testing, clinical assessment of cognitive status, and uniform neuropathologic examination after death. microRNAs were profiled from the prefrontal cortex using Nanostring platform. A global microRNA association study of late-life depressive symptoms was performed using linear mixed model adjusting for sex, age, Alzheimer’s dementia pathological burden, proportions of brain cell types, post-mortem interval, and RNA integrity.ResultsFour brain microRNAs were associated with late-life depressive symptoms at adjusted p<0.05 (miR-484, miR-26b, miR-30d, and miR-197). Lower expressions of these miRNAs were associated with greater depressive symptoms. Furthermore, lower expressions of miR-484 and miR-197 were associated with faster decline of cognitive performance over time. Additionally, lower miR-484 level was associated with higher probability of having Alzheimer’s dementia. Lastly, the predicted targets of miR-484 were enriched in a brain protein co-expression module involving synaptic transmission and regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity.ConclusionsThis is the first study to identify brain microRNAs associated with late-life depressive symptoms assessed longitudinally. Additionally, the authors found a link between late-life depressive symptoms and dementia through miR-484 and miR-197.

scholarly journals Factors associated with professional identity formation within psychiatry residency training: A longitudinal study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Hui Chew ◽  
Yvonne Steinert ◽  
Kang Sim
Keyword(s):  
Professional Identity ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Psychiatry Residency ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Psychiatry Residents ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Introduction Conceptual frameworks for professional identity (PI) formation highlight the importance of developmental stages and socialization as the learner progresses from legitimate peripheral to full participation. Based on extant literature and clinical impressions, the authors aimed to explore factors associated with PI formation in psychiatry residents over time, and hypothesized that time in training, seniority status, and duration of exposure to psychiatry prior to residency would be associated with PI formation. Methods Eighty out of 96 psychiatry residents (response rate, 83.3%) from the National Psychiatry Residency Program in Singapore participated and rated their PI development using the Professional Self Identity Questionnaire (PSIQ) across four timepoints from January 2016–December 2019. The residents were classified as junior (first 3 years) or senior residents (years 4–5). Linear mixed model analyses were conducted, with time in training, seniority status (junior versus senior residents), duration of psychiatry postings prior to residency, and their interaction as associated factors with PI over time. Results Time in training, seniority, and duration of psychiatry postings before residency (all p < 0.01) were significantly associated with higher PSIQ scores at baseline. Over time, although all residents had increases in PSIQ scores, this rate of change did not differ significantly between junior and senior residents. Discussion Exposure to psychiatry postings before residency, time in learning, and seniority are factors which influence PI development in residents. This has implications for psychiatry residency selection and training, adequate clinical exposure during training rotations, and continual support for new and senior residents to foster PI formation over time.

scholarly journals Decline of ovarian function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: serum anti-Müllerian hormone levels in a longitudinal cohort

RMD Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. e001307
Author(s):  
Jenny Brouwer ◽  
Radboud J E M Dolhain ◽  
Johanna M W Hazes ◽  
Nicole S Erler ◽  
Jenny A Visser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Original Cohort ◽  
Primordial Follicles ◽  
Age At Menopause ◽  
Over Time

ObjectiveRheumatoid arthritis (RA) often affects women in their fertile age, and is known to compromise female fertility. Serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels are a proxy for the total number of primordial follicles, and a reliable predictor of the age at menopause. Our objective was to study the longitudinal intra-individual decline of serum AMH levels in female RA patients.MethodsFemale RA patients from a nationwide prospective cohort (2002–2008) were re-assessed in 2015–2016. Serum AMH levels were measured using the picoAMH assay and compared with healthy controls. A linear mixed model (LMM) was built to assess the effect of RA-related clinical factors on the decline of AMH levels.ResultsA group of 128 women were re-assessed at an age of 42.6±4.4 years, with a median disease duration of 15.8 (IQR 12.7–21.5) years. The time between first and last AMH assessments was 10.7±1.8 (range 6.4–13.7) years. Participants represented a more fertile selection of the original cohort. At follow-up, 39% of patients had AMH levels below the 10th percentile of controls (95% CI 31% to 48%), compared with 16% (95% CI 9.3% to 22%) at baseline. The LMM showed a significant decline of AMH with increasing age, but no significant effect of RA-related factors on AMH.ConclusionAMH levels in RA patients showed a more pronounced decline over time than expected, supporting the idea that in chronic inflammatory conditions, reproductive function is compromised, resulting in a faster decline of ovarian function over time and probably an earlier age at menopause.

Six-month trajectories of self-reported depressive symptoms in long-term care

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane McCusker ◽  
Martin G. Cole ◽  
Philippe Voyer ◽  
Johanne Monette ◽  
Nathalie Champoux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Symptom ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Symptom Trajectory ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTBackground:Depression is a common problem in long-term care (LTC) settings. We sought to characterize depression symptom trajectories over six months among older residents, and to identify resident characteristics at baseline that predict symptom trajectory.Methods:This study was a secondary analysis of data from a six-month prospective, observational, and multi-site study. Severity of depressive symptoms was assessed with the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) at baseline and with up to six monthly follow-up assessments. Participants were 130 residents with a Mini-Mental State Examination score of 15 or more at baseline and of at least two of the six monthly follow-up assessments. Individual resident GDS trajectories were grouped using hierarchical clustering. The baseline predictors of a more severe trajectory were identified using the Proportional Odds Model.Results:Three clusters of depression symptom trajectory were found that described “lower,” “intermediate,” and “higher” levels of depressive symptoms over time (mean GDS scores for three clusters at baseline were 2.2, 4.9, and 9.0 respectively). The GDS scores in all groups were generally stable over time. Baseline predictors of a more severe trajectory were as follows: Initial GDS score of 7 or more, female sex, LTC residence for less than 12 months, and corrected visual impairment.Conclusions:The six-month course of depressive symptoms in LTC is generally stable. Most residents who experience a more severe symptom trajectory can be identified at baseline.

scholarly journals Predictors of fear of childbirth and depressive symptoms among pregnant women: a cross-sectional survey in Pwani region, Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Fredrick Massae ◽  
Margareta Larsson ◽  
Sebalda Leshabari ◽  
Columba Mbekenga ◽  
Andrea Barnabas Pembe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Male Partner ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Obstetric Complications ◽  
Fear Of Childbirth ◽  
Perineal Tear ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth

Abstract Background Many women experience fear of childbirth (FoB) and depressive symptoms (DS) during pregnancy, but little is known about FoB among Tanzanian women. The current study aimed to assess the prevalence of FoB and DS among pregnant women and determine predictors of each and both, focusing on sociodemographic and obstetric predictors. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at six health facilities in two districts in Tanzania between 2018 and 2019. In total, 694 pregnant women with gestational age between 32 and 40 weeks and expecting vaginal delivery were consecutively recruited and assessed for FoB and DS. We collected data through interviews using 6 and 4-points Likert Scale of the Wijma Delivery Expectancy Questionnaire Version A and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, respectively. Women who scored ≥66 and ≥ 10 were categorised as having FoB and DS, respectively. We performed multivariable logistic regression to investigate the predictors of FoB and DS. Results The prevalence rates of FoB and DS among pregnant women were 15.1 and 17.7%, respectively. FoB and DS were more likely in women aged above 30 years [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 6.29, 95%CI 1.43–27.84] and in single mothers (AOR 2.57, 95%CI 1.14–5.78). Women with secondary education and above (AOR 0.22, 95%CI 0.05–0.99) and those who had given birth previously (AOR 0.27, 95% CI 0.09–0.87) were less likely to have FoB in combination with DS Women who had previous obstetric complications, and those who did not receive any social support from male partners in previous childbirth were more likely to have FoB and DS. FoB was strongly associated with DS (AOR 3.42, 95%CI 2.12–5.53). DS only was more common in women who had inadequate income (AOR 2.35, 95%CI 1.38–3.99) or had previously experienced a perineal tear (AOR 2.32, 95%CI 1.31–4.08). Conclusions Not having a formal education, having only primary education, being aged above 30 years, being single, being nulliparous, having experienced obstetric complications, and having a lack of social support from a male partner during previous pregnancy and childbirth were predictors of FoB and DS during pregnancy. FoB and DS were strongly associated with each other. It is vital to identify at-risk women early, to offer support during pregnancy and childbirth.

The Mental Health Characteristics of Pregnant Women With Depressive Symptoms Identified by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale

2014 ◽  
Vol 75 (04) ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda B. Lydsdottir ◽  
Louise M. Howard ◽  
Halldora Olafsdottir ◽  
Marga Thome ◽  
Petur Tyrfingsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Postnatal Depression ◽  
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale

Bidirectional Relationships Between Stress, Depressive Symptoms, and Cognitive Vulnerabilities in Adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julen Alba ◽  
Esther Calvete
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Early Maladaptive Schemas ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Social Relevance ◽  
Cognitive Vulnerabilities ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Early Maladaptive Schema ◽  
Predictive Relationships ◽  
Over Time

Introduction: Depression is a highly prevalent problem in adolescence, with great clinical and social relevance. Recent models of psychopathology in childhood and adolescence underscore that the relationships between stress, cognitive vulnerabilities, and depressive symptoms are bidirectional. In addition, according to cognitive therapy models, cognitive vulnerabilities are organized hierarchically, with deep schemas guiding more superficial cognitive processes such as rumination. The present study examines the longitudinal predictive relationships between two levels of cognitions (early maladaptive schemas and rumination), stressors, and depression. Method: A sample of 584 Spanish adolescents (262 girls; mean age = 15.99, SD = 1.10) completed measures of depression, stressors, rumination, and three early maladaptive schema domains (disconnection and rejection, impaired autonomy and other-directedness) over 4 intervals of 4 months. Path analysis was used to test the hypotheses of the study. Results: Disconnection and rejection domain systematically predicted an increase in depression, new stressors, and rumination over time. In addition, depressive symptoms predicted an increase of disconnection/rejection scores at all time points. Finally, from Time 2 on, stressors predicted an increase in all schema domains. Discussion: The outcomes suggest the importance of the disconnection and rejection schema domain. These results are important to understand the mechanisms underlying stress and depression in adolescents.

Geriatric Depression Scale: Consistency of Depressive Symptoms over Time

1991 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 1032-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome A. Yesavage
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Geriatric Depression ◽  
Over Time

The following is a comment on the importance of the 1991 finding by I. L. Abraham of the unchanging nature of depressive symptoms over time: one concludes that such patients will not change unless major interventions, both pharmacologic or psychosocial, can be made.

scholarly journals The COVID-19 Pandemic and Mental Well-Being of Pregnant Women in Japan: Need for Economic and Social Policy Interventions

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Midori Matsushima ◽  
Hanna Horiguchi
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Cutoff Score ◽  
Economic Wealth ◽  
Mental Well Being

ABSTRACT Objective: This study explores the mental well-being of pregnant women in Japan during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: We collected 1777 responses from pregnant women through an online survey. Using the Japanese version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), we calculated the percentage of pregnant women above the cutoff (≥ 13), and the factor scores of anhedonia, anxiety, and depression. Regression analyses were performed to identify factors and socioeconomic characteristics correlated with depressive symptoms. Results: The point prevalence of pregnant women with an EPDS score of ≥ 13 was 17%. The mean scores were 0.73, 3.68, and 1.82 for anhedonia, anxiety, and depression, respectively. The probability of becoming above the cutoff score positively correlated with the cancellation of planned informal support, higher perceived risk for infection of COVID-19, difficulties in household finances, and lack of social support. Moreover, being younger, less wealthy, unemployed, and without a partner showed a significantly higher possibility of having a score above the cutoff. Conclusions: The present study found a high percentage of pregnant women with depressive symptoms. Notably, COVID-19-related variables, including perceived risk for the infection, fear of decreasing economic wealth, and social support, were significantly associated with depressive symptoms.

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