scholarly journals Ketogenic Diet in Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Paoli ◽  
Antonino Bianco ◽  
Ernesto Damiani ◽  
Gerardo Bosco
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Stress ◽  
Pharmacoresistant Epilepsy ◽  
Ketogenic Diets ◽  
Complex I Activity ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

An increasing number of data demonstrate the utility of ketogenic diets in a variety of metabolic diseases as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. In regard to neurological disorders, ketogenic diet is recognized as an effective treatment for pharmacoresistant epilepsy but emerging data suggests that ketogenic diet could be also useful in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer, Parkinson’s disease, and some mitochondriopathies. Although these diseases have different pathogenesis and features, there are some common mechanisms that could explain the effects of ketogenic diets. These mechanisms are to provide an efficient source of energy for the treatment of certain types of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by focal brain hypometabolism; to decrease the oxidative damage associated with various kinds of metabolic stress; to increase the mitochondrial biogenesis pathways; and to take advantage of the capacity of ketones to bypass the defect in complex I activity implicated in some neurological diseases. These mechanisms will be discussed in this review.

The Influence of Vitamin D on Neurodegeneration and Neurological Disorders: A Rationale for its Physio-pathological Actions

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 2475-2491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Morello ◽  
Massimo Pieri ◽  
Rossella Zenobi ◽  
Alessandra Talamo ◽  
Delphine Stephan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Neuroactive Steroid ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Vitamin D is a steroid hormone implicated in the regulation of neuronal integrity and many brain functions. Its influence, as a nutrient and a hormone, on the physiopathology of the most common neurodegenerative diseases is continuously emphasized by new studies. This review addresses what is currently known about the action of vitamin D on the nervous system and neurodegenerative diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Further vitamin D research is necessary to understand how the action of this “neuroactive” steroid can help to optimize the prevention and treatment of several neurological diseases.

scholarly journals Aptamer Applications in Neuroscience

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meric Ozturk ◽  
Marit Nilsen-Hamilton ◽  
Muslum Ilgu
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Health Community ◽  
Theranostic Applications ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Being the predominant cause of disability, neurological diseases have received much attention from the global health community. Over a billion people suffer from one of the following neurological disorders: dementia, epilepsy, stroke, migraine, meningitis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, prion dis-ease, or brain tumors. Diagnosis and treatment options are limited for many of these diseases. Aptamers, being small and non-immunogenic nucleic acid molecules that are easy to chemically modify, offer potential diagnostic and theranostic applications to meet these needs. This review covers pioneer studies to apply aptamers, which show promise for future diagnostics and treatments of neurological disorders that pose increasingly dire worldwide health challenges.

scholarly journals Aptamer Applications in Neuroscience

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1260
Author(s):  
Meric Ozturk ◽  
Marit Nilsen-Hamilton ◽  
Muslum Ilgu
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Health Community ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Being the predominant cause of disability, neurological diseases have received much attention from the global health community. Over a billion people suffer from one of the following neurological disorders: dementia, epilepsy, stroke, migraine, meningitis, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, prion disease, or brain tumors. The diagnosis and treatment options are limited for many of these diseases. Aptamers, being small and non-immunogenic nucleic acid molecules that are easy to chemically modify, offer potential diagnostic and theragnostic applications to meet these needs. This review covers pioneering studies in applying aptamers, which shows promise for future diagnostics and treatments of neurological disorders that pose increasingly dire worldwide health challenges.

scholarly journals Antisense Oligonucleotide Therapies for Neurodegenerative Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 385-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Frank Bennett ◽  
Adrian R. Krainer ◽  
Don W. Cleveland
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Spinal Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Antisense Oligonucleotide ◽  
Antisense Oligonucleotides ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Therapeutic Platform ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Antisense oligonucleotides represent a novel therapeutic platform for the discovery of medicines that have the potential to treat most neurodegenerative diseases. Antisense drugs are currently in development for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and Alzheimer's disease, and multiple research programs are underway for additional neurodegenerative diseases. One antisense drug, nusinersen, has been approved for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy. Importantly, nusinersen improves disease symptoms when administered to symptomatic patients rather than just slowing the progression of the disease. In addition to the benefit to spinal muscular atrophy patients, there are discoveries from nusinersen that can be applied to other neurological diseases, including method of delivery, doses, tolerability of intrathecally delivered antisense drugs, and the biodistribution of intrathecal dosed antisense drugs. Based in part on the early success of nusinersen, antisense drugs hold great promise as a therapeutic platform for the treatment of neurological diseases.

scholarly journals Everything you always wanted to know about sex and Neurology: neurological disability and sexuality

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 430-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Nasimbera ◽  
Julieta Rosales ◽  
Berenice Silva ◽  
Ricardo Alonso ◽  
Natalia Bohorquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Main Variable ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

ABSTRACT Chronic neurological disorders generate disabilities affecting multiple aspects of life, including sexuality. Objective To describe the presence of sexual dysfunction and comorbidities in a population with chronic neurological disorders. To analyze the relationship between disability and sexual dysfunction. Methods A cross-sectional case-control study was carried out. Patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and stroke of at least one year since the onset of symptoms were included, and compared with controls with no neurological disease, matched by age and sex. Results We included 71 participants: 29 controls, with a mean age of 49.4 years, and 42 patients with a mean age of 53.8 years. Sexual dysfunction was present in 22.5% of the controls and 77.5% of the patients. A statistically significant relationship between sexual dysfunction and disability was found in the logistic regression analysis (OR = 20.38, 95%CI: 2.5 –165.86). Conclusions Disability proved to be the main variable related to the presence of sexual dysfunction. Patients with ALS had the worst rates of sexual dysfunction. Patients with MS were similar to the control group. As for the PD group, no patient had normal sexuality. Finally, in stroke patients, the presence of comorbidities and their treatment may have negatively influenced sexuality. These findings showed that patients with chronic neurological diseases have sexual dysfunction and underscore the need for neurologists to know and address this problem.

scholarly journals Ketogenic Diets Induced Glucose Intolerance and Lipid Accumulation in Mice with Alterations in Gut Microbiota and Metabolites

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Li ◽  
Xin Yang ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Tianyi Jiang ◽  
Ziyi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Glucose Intolerance ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Ketogenic Diets

ABSTRACT The ketogenic diet (KD), which can induce changes in gut microbiota, has shown benefits for epilepsy and several neurodegenerative diseases. However, the effects of a KD on glucose and lipid metabolism remain inconclusive. Using two formulas of ketogenic diets (KDR with 89.5% fat and KDH with 91.3% fat), which are commonly used in mouse trials, we found that KDR but not KDH induced insulin resistance and damaged glucose homeostasis, while KDH induced more fat accumulation in mice. Further study showed that KD impacted glucose metabolism, which was related to the sources of fat, while both the sources and proportions of fat affected lipid metabolism. And the KD widely used in human studies still induced insulin resistance and fat accumulation in mice. Moreover, KDs changed the gut microbiota and metabolites in mice, and the sources and proportions of fat in the diets respectively changed the abundance of specific bacteria and metabolites which were correlated with parameters related to glucose intolerance and lipid accumulation. Overall, our study demonstrated that the metabolic disorders induced by KDs are closely related to the source and proportion of fat in the diet, which may be associated with the changes of the gut microbiota and metabolites. IMPORTANCE The ketogenic diet with extremely high fat and very low carbohydrate levels is very popular in society today. Although it has beneficial effects on epilepsy and neurodegenerative diseases, how ketogenic diets impact host glucose and lipid metabolism and gut microbiota still needs further investigation. Here, we surveyed the effects of two ketogenic diets which are commonly used in mouse trials on metabolic phenotypes, gut microbiota, and metabolites in mice. We found that both ketogenic diets impaired glucose and lipid metabolism in mice, and this may be due to the sources and proportions of fat in the diets. This work highlights the potential risk of glucose and lipid metabolism disorders and the importance of evaluating the sources and proportions of fat in the diets, when using ketogenic diets for weight loss and the treatment of diseases.

scholarly journals Mirror Movements in Acquired Neurological Disorders: A Mini-Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Liu ◽  
Yuan Yuan ◽  
Ning Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyan Liu ◽  
Lihua Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Contralateral Limb ◽  
Extrapyramidal Disorders ◽  
Mirror Movements ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Congenital Syndrome

Mirror movements (MMs) are specifically defined as involuntary movements occurring on one side of homologous muscles when performing unilateral movements with the contralateral limb. MMs have been considered a kind of soft neurological signs, and the persistence or reappearance of MMs in adults is usually pathologic. In addition to some congenital syndrome, MMs have been also described in age-related neurological diseases including pyramidal system diseases (e.g., stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) and extrapyramidal disorders (e.g., Parkinson's disease, essential tremor). With the advances in instrumentation and detection means, subtle or subclinical MMs have been deeply studied. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism is also being further elucidated. In this mini-review, we firstly discuss the MM examination means, and then review the literature regarding MMs in individuals with acquired neurological disorders, in order to further understand the pathogenesis of MMs.

scholarly journals A Sex Perspective in Neurodegenerative Diseases: microRNAs as Possible Peripheral Biomarkers

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4423
Author(s):  
Paola Piscopo ◽  
Maria Bellenghi ◽  
Valeria Manzini ◽  
Alessio Crestini ◽  
Giada Pontecorvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Patient Stratification ◽  
Literature Analysis ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Future Patient ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Sex is a significant variable in the prevalence and incidence of neurological disorders. Sex differences exist in neurodegenerative disorders (NDs), where sex dimorphisms play important roles in the development and progression of Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In the last few years, some sex specific biomarkers for the identification of NDs have been described and recent studies have suggested that microRNA (miRNA) could be included among these, as influenced by the hormonal and genetic background. Failing to consider the possible differences between males and females in miRNA evaluation could introduce a sex bias in studies by not considering some of these sex-related biomarkers. In this review, we recapitulate what is known about the sex-specific differences in peripheral miRNA levels in neurodegenerative diseases. Several studies have reported sex-linked disparities, and from the literature analysis miR-206 particularly has been shown to have a sex-specific involvement. Hopefully, in the near future, patient stratification will provide important additional clues in diagnosis, prognosis, and tailoring of the best therapeutic approaches for each patient. Sex-specific biomarkers, such as miRNAs, could represent a useful tool for characterizing subgroups of patients.

scholarly journals Multiscale Approximate Entropy for Gait Analysis in Patients with Neurodegenerative Diseases

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 934
Author(s):  
An-Bang Liu ◽  
Che-Wei Lin
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Marker ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Approximate Entropy ◽  
Parkinson’S Diseases ◽  
Gait Abnormalities ◽  
The Right ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson’s diseases (PD), and Huntington’s disease (HD) are not rare neurological diseases. They affect different neurological systems and present various characteristic gait abnormalities. We retrieved gait signals of the right and left feet from a public domain on the Physionet. There were 13 patients with ALS, 15 patients with PD, 20 patients with HD and 16 healthy controls (HC). We used multiscale approximate entropy (MAE) to analyze ground reaction force on both feet. Our study shows that MAE increases with scales in all tested subjects. The group HD has the highest MAE and group ALS has the lowest MAE. We can differentiate ALS from HC by MAE, while scale factors >10 in the left foot. There are few significant differences of MAE between the HC and HD. We found a good correlation of MAE between both feet in group ALS. In conclusion, our results indicate that MAE analysis of gait signals can be used for diagnosis and long-term assessment for ALS and probably HD. Similarity of MAE between both feet can also be a diagnostic marker for ALS.

scholarly journals Role of Ketogenic Diets in Neurodegenerative Diseases (Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson’s Disease)

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Włodarek
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Ketogenic Diets

The goal of this review was to assess the effectiveness of ketogenic diets on the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases. The ketogenic diet is a low-carbohydrate and fat-rich diet. Its implementation has a fasting-like effect, which brings the body into a state of ketosis. The ketogenic diet has, for almost 100 years, been used in the therapy of drug-resistant epilepsy, but current studies indicate possible neuroprotective effects. Thus far, only a few studies have evaluated the role of the ketogenic diet in the prevention of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Single studies with human participants have demonstrated a reduction of disease symptoms after application. The application of the ketogenic diet to elderly people, however, raises certain concerns. Persons with neurodegenerative diseases are at risk of malnutrition, while food intake reduction is associated with disease symptoms. In turn, the ketogenic diet leads to a reduced appetite; it is not attractive from an organoleptic point of view, and may be accompanied by side effects of the gastrointestinal system. All this may lead to further lowering of consumed food portions by elderly persons with neurodegenerative diseases and, in consequence, to further reduction in the supply of nutrients provided by the diet. Neither data on the long-term application of the ketogenic diet in patients with neurodegenerative disease or data on its effects on disease symptoms are available. Further research is needed to evaluate the suitability of the ketogenic diet in the therapy of AD- or PD-affected persons.

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