scholarly journals MicroRNAs in Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Overview of the Accumulating Evidence and Importance as Novel Biomarkers

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Fujiwara ◽  
Toshiyuki Kunisada ◽  
Ken Takeda ◽  
Koji Uotani ◽  
Aki Yoshida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Chromosomal Translocation ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
The Past ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Mirna Deregulation

Sarcomas are distinctly heterogeneous tumors and a variety of subtypes have been described. Although several diagnostic explorations in the past three decades, such as identification of chromosomal translocation, have greatly improved the diagnosis of soft tissue sarcomas, the unsolved issues, including the limited useful biomarkers, remain. Emerging reports on miRNAs in soft tissue sarcomas have provided clues to solving these problems. Evidence of circulating miRNAs in patients with soft tissue sarcomas and healthy individuals has been accumulated and is accelerating their potential to develop into clinical applications. Moreover, miRNAs that function as novel prognostic factors have been identified, thereby facilitating their use in miRNA-targeted therapy. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on miRNA deregulation in soft tissue sarcomas, and discuss their potential as novel biomarkers and therapeutics.

scholarly journals Translating Molecular Profiling of Soft Tissue Sarcomas into Daily Clinical Practice

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 512
Author(s):  
Celine Jacobs ◽  
Lore Lapeire
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Molecular Profiling ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Mesenchymal Tumors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Sarcoma Treatment

Soft tissue sarcomas are a group of rare mesenchymal tumors with more than 70 subtypes described. Treatment of these subtypes in an advanced setting is mainly according to a one-size-fits-all strategy indicating a high unmet need of new and more targeted therapeutic options in order to optimize survival. The introduction of advanced molecular techniques in cancer has led to better diagnostics and identification of new therapeutic targets, leading to more personalized treatment and improved prognosis for several cancer types. In sarcoma, a likewise evolution is seen, albeit at a slower pace. This manuscript describes how in the past years advanced molecular profiling in soft tissue sarcomas was able to identify specific and often pathognomonic aberrations, deferring standard sarcoma treatment in favor of more targeted treatment from an oncologist’s point of view.

scholarly journals DNA Methylation Profiling for Diagnosing Undifferentiated Sarcoma with Capicua Transcriptional Receptor (CIC) Alterations

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelina Miele ◽  
Rita De Vito ◽  
Andrea Ciolfi ◽  
Lucia Pedace ◽  
Ida Russo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Round Cell ◽  
Undifferentiated Sarcoma ◽  
Dna Methylation Profiling ◽  
Methylation Profiling

Undifferentiated soft tissue sarcomas are a group of diagnostically challenging tumors in the pediatric population. Molecular techniques are instrumental for the categorization and differential diagnosis of these tumors. A subgroup of recently identified soft tissue sarcomas with undifferentiated round cell morphology was characterized by Capicua transcriptional receptor (CIC) rearrangements. Recently, an array-based DNA methylation analysis of undifferentiated tumors with small blue round cell histology was shown to provide a highly robust and reproducible approach for precisely classifying this diagnostically challenging group of tumors. We describe the case of an undifferentiated sarcoma of the abdominal wall in a 12-year-old girl. The patient presented with a voluminous mass of the abdominal wall, and multiple micro-nodules in the right lung. The tumor was unclassifiable with current immunohistochemical and molecular approaches. However, DNA methylation profiling allowed us to classify this neoplasia as small blue round cell tumor with CIC alterations. The patient was treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by complete surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy. After 22 months, the patient is disease-free and in good clinical condition. To put our experience in context, we conducted a literature review, analyzing current knowledge and state-of-the-art diagnosis, prognosis, and clinical management of CIC rearranged sarcomas. Our findings further support the use of DNA methylation profiling as an important tool to improve diagnosis of non-Ewing small round cell tumors.

scholarly journals WNT/β-Catenin Pathway in Soft Tissue Sarcomas: New Therapeutic Opportunities?

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5521
Author(s):  
Esther Martinez-Font ◽  
Marina Pérez-Capó ◽  
Oliver Vögler ◽  
Javier Martín-Broto ◽  
Regina Alemany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Wnt Signaling Pathway ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Molecular Alterations ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches

Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are a very heterogeneous group of rare tumors, comprising more than 50 different histological subtypes that originate from mesenchymal tissue. Despite their heterogeneity, chemotherapy based on doxorubicin (DXR) has been in use for forty years now and remains the standard first-line treatment for locally advanced unresectable or metastatic STS, although overall survival could not be improved by combination with other chemotherapeutics. In this sense, the development of new therapeutic approaches continues to be a largely unmatched goal. The WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway is involved in various fundamental processes for embryogenic development, including the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Although the role of this pathway has been widely researched in neoplasms of epithelial origin, little is known about its relevance for mesenchymal neoplasms. This review covers the most important molecular alterations of the WNT signaling pathway in STS. The detection of these alterations and the understanding of their functional consequences for those pathways controlling sarcomagenesis development and progression are crucial to broaden the current knowledge about STS as well as to identify novel drug targets. In this regard, the current therapeutic options and drug candidates to modulate WNT signaling, which are usually classified by their interaction site upstream or downstream of β-catenin, and their presumable clinical impact on STS are also discussed.

scholarly journals Analysis of trends in race and gender disparities in incidence-based mortality in patients diagnosed with soft tissue sarcomas from 2000 to 2016.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e23549-e23549
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Priyanka Pappoppula ◽  
Germame Hailegiorgis Ajebo ◽  
Justin Yeh ◽  
Picon Hector ◽  
Allan N. Krutchik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
The Past ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
And Gender

e23549 Background: The clinical course of soft tissue sarcomas is often dependent on the grade of the tumor. The incidence of soft tissue sarcomas have been known to be higher in males compared to females and more in African Americans compared to Caucasians (1995 to 2008 SEER data). The variability of incidence-based mortality in low grade and high grade soft tissue sarcomas with respect to gender and race over the past decade has not been well studied. This study analyzes the rates of incidence-based mortality from the years 2000 to 2016 amongst for both the grades, genders and racial groups. Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Database was queried to conduct a nation-wide analysis for the years 2000 to 2016. Incidence-based mortality for all stages of low grade and high grade soft tissue sarcomas was queried and the results were grouped by race (Caucasian/White vs African American/Black) and gender. All stages and ages were included in the analysis and trend from 2000 to 2016 was analyzed. Results: Incidence-based mortality rates (per 10000) for low grade and high grade soft tissue sarcomas for both races and genders are shown in the table below. The incidence-based mortality rates for Caucasians are similar to African American in both grades and genders. Rates were not analyzed for American Indian and Asian/Pacific Islanders due to small sample size. Mortality rates of high grade soft tissue sarcomas were significantly higher compared to low grade tumors. A higher rate of mortality is noted in Caucasian males compared to African Americans males despite past observations of higher incidence in African Americans. There was no significant change in the rate when trended over the past decade (2007 to 2016). Conclusions: This study highlights the higher rate of incidence-based mortality in Caucasian males compared to African American males in the past 15 years despite a lower incidence reported in the 1995 to 2008 period. With no significant change in mortality rates/year noted during this time period, this study implies that soft tissue sarcomas in Caucasian males have worse outcomes. Further research is needed to understand the mechanism underlying this disparity. [Table: see text]

A proteomic analysis to identify novel biomarkers related to tumor invasion in soft tissue sarcomas

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-136
Author(s):  
Kazutaka Kikuta ◽  
Daisuke Kubota ◽  
Akihiko Yoshida ◽  
Hideo Morioka ◽  
Masaya Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Tumor Invasion ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Novel Biomarkers

A High-Grade Primary Leiomyosarcoma of the Bladder in a Survivor of Retinoblastoma

2001 ◽  
Vol 125 (9) ◽  
pp. 1231-1234
Author(s):  
Sharon X. Liang ◽  
Yegappan Lakshmanan ◽  
Bruce A. Woda ◽  
Zhong Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Adjuvant Radiation ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Cyclophosphamide Therapy ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

Abstract Second nonocular malignancies develop with increased incidence in patients with hereditary retinoblastoma. Osteosarcoma is by far the most common type with an incidence of up to 50%, followed by soft tissue sarcomas. Visceral leiomyosarcoma is extremely rare and only 2 cases have been reported in the past 2 decades, one in the liver and another one in the urinary bladder, both of which developed after cyclophosphamide therapy. Here we report a case of vesical leiomyosarcoma that was diagnosed in a 49-year-old woman 47 years after the diagnosis of a hereditary retinoblastoma. The patient's retinoblastoma was treated with unilateral enucleation without adjuvant radiation or chemotherapy. We believe that this is the first report of vesical leiomyosarcoma occurring in a patient with retinoblastoma without a prior history of radiation or chemotherapy. This report is significant not only because of the rarity of vesical leiomyosarcoma as a second nonocular tumor in retinoblastoma patients, but also because of the infrequency of vesical leiomyosarcoma in general. We also investigated the potential molecular pathogenesis of the leiomyosarcoma.

scholarly journals Oncoepidemiological situation of sarcomas in Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z h U Pyssanova ◽  
G A Serikbaev ◽  
D R Kaydarova ◽  
D A Tuleuova ◽  
A S Shinbolatova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Malignant Tumor ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Bone Sarcoma ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bone Sarcomas

Abstract Background Sarcoma is a malignant tumor of soft tissues and bones. They make up 1% of all malignant tumors in adults and 15% in children. More common in men 1.1: 1. By age: 20.7% - up to 40 years old, 27.6% - 40-60 years old and 51.7% over 60 years old. In 2018, in the Kazakhstan, malignant tumor of connective and soft tissues of 444 (1.4%) cases was registered and ranks 19th in the structure of cancer, bones and articular cartilage 188 (0.6%), takes 22nd place. Of these, with sore cases, bone sarcomas were recorded - 12.7%, soft tissues - 9.5%. The mortality rate from soft tissue sarcoma is -177 (1.2%) people, bone sarcoma - 85 (0.6%) people. Five-year survival of patients from soft tissue sarcomas is 53.8%, from bone sarcomas - 67.3%. Methods from 2015 to 2019, 1,068 patients with malignant tumor of bones and articular cartilage, 963 patients with malignant tumor of connective and soft tissues addmited to KazNIIOiR. Of these, 225 patients underwent organ-sparing surgeries - endoprosthesis replacement of limbs. Results In Kazakhstan over the past 5 years there has been an increase in the incidence of sarcomas of bones and soft tissues. Conclusions in comparison with previous years, there is an increase in the incidence of malignant tumor of bones and articular cartilage, connective and soft tissues, and an increase in mortality from tumor of bones and articular cartilage in men by 16.7%, in women by 50%. Late reversal of patients at the IV stage and a high proportion posthumously recorded in patients with maliganan tumors. Key messages Purpose: Assessment of the epidemiological situation and incidence of sarcomas of the bones and soft tissues in Kazakhstan. Out of 25 localizations of cancer, detection is worsened during professional examinations in 10 localizations, of which bones and articular cartilage, connective and other soft tissues.

scholarly journals Roles of miRNA dysregulation in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Chen ◽  
Xinhong Yang ◽  
Min Liu ◽  
Zhihua Zhang ◽  
Enhong Xing
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Malignant Disease ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Proteasome Inhibitors ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mirna Deregulation ◽  
Posttranscriptional Level

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant disease of plasma cells with complex pathology, causing significant morbidity due to its end-organ destruction. The outcomes of patients with myeloma have significantly improved in the past couple of decades with the introduction of novel agents, such as proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulators, and monoclonal antibodies. However, MM remains incurable and presents considerable individual heterogeneity. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, endogenous noncoding RNAs of 19–22 nucleotides that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Numerous studies have shown that miRNA deregulation is closely related to MM pathology, including tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, prognosis, and drug response, which make the complicated miRNA network an attractive and marvelous area of investigation for novel anti-MM therapeutic approaches. Herein, we mainly summarized the current knowledge on the roles of miRNAs, which are of great significance in regulating pathological factors involved in MM progressions, such as bone marrow microenvironment, methylation, immune regulation, genomic instability, and drug resistance. Meanwhile, their potential as novel prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets was also discussed.

scholarly journals Regenerative Medicine of Epithelia: Lessons From the Past and Future Goals

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Maurizi ◽  
Davide Adamo ◽  
Federica Maria Magrelli ◽  
Giulia Galaverni ◽  
Eustachio Attico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
New Therapies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Future Goals ◽  
Successes And Failures

This article explores examples of successful and unsuccessful regenerative medicine on human epithelia. To evaluate the applications of the first regenerated tissues, the analysis of the past successes and failures addresses some pending issues and lay the groundwork for developing new therapies. Research should still be encouraged to fill the gap between pathologies, clinical applications and what regenerative medicine can attain with current knowledge.

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