scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Bioartificial Bone Tissue Poly-L-lactic Acid/Polycaprolactone and PLLA Scaffolds Applied in Bone Regeneration

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weizong Weng ◽  
Shaojun Song ◽  
Liehu Cao ◽  
Xiao Chen ◽  
Yuanqi Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Defect ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Group A ◽  
Repair Bone Defect ◽  
Group B ◽  
New Zealand Rabbits

Bioartificial bone tissue engineering is an increasingly popular technique to repair bone defect caused by injury or disease. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of PLLA/PCL (poly-L-lactic acid/polycaprolactone) by a comparison study of PLLA/PCL and PLLA scaffolds applied in bone regeneration. Thirty healthy mature New Zealand rabbits on which 15 mm distal ulna defect model had been established were selected and then were divided into three groups randomly: group A (repaired with PLLA scaffold), group B (repaired with PLLA/PCL scaffold), and group C (no scaffold) to evaluate the bone-remodeling ability of the implants. Micro-CT examination revealed the prime bone regeneration ability of group B in three groups. Bone mineral density of surgical site in group B was higher than group A but lower than group C. Meanwhile, the bone regeneration in both groups A and B proceeded with signs of inflammation for the initial fast degradation of scaffolds. As a whole, PLLA/PCL scaffoldsin vivoinitially degrade fast and were better suited to repair bone defect than PLLA in New Zealand rabbits. Furthermore, for the low mineral density of new bone and rapid degradation of the scaffolds, more researches were necessary to optimize the composite for bone regeneration.

scholarly journals Results of the Study of Bone Tissue Density in Patients of the Study Groups at the Restoration of Bone Defects by Various Osteoplastic Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-162
Author(s):  
A. V. Bambuliak ◽  
◽  
N. B. Kuzniak ◽  
R. R. Dmitrenko ◽  
S. V. Tkachik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Defect ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Group A ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Group B

The restoration processes of damaged or lost bone tissue are an important and topical issue of surgical dentistry and maxillofacial surgery today. According to statistics, diseases that are accompaning by destructive changes in bone tissue occupy one of the dominant places among the nosologies of MFA. Along with the use of updated methods of surgical technique, both before and now the problem of choice of bone-plastic material is relevant, because it is known that osteoplasty opens up great opportunities for complete rehabilitation of patients. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of our developed osteoplastic composition for the restoration of bone defects in dentistry. Materials and methods. X-ray computed tomography to determine bone density was performed in 26 patients with bone defect replacement "Kolapan-L" (group A), 28 people during augmentation of our proposed osteoplastic composition "Kolapan-L" + multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells + platelet-rich plasma) (group B), and 25 patients where the healing of the bone defect occurred spontaneously (group B). X-ray computed tomography was performed on a 16-slice spiral computed tomography Siemens Somatom Emotionc. Image processing was performed using the program "Dicom". Statistical processing of research results was carried out using conventional methods of variation statistics. Results and discussion. After 1 year of research, the average value of the bone density in patients of group B was probably higher: 1.5 times and 1.8 times relative to the corresponding data in groups A and B. At the same time, the minimum value of the bone density in patients of subgroups A and B was 1.5 times and 1.8 times lower than in persons of group B (p <0.01, p1 <0.01). At the same time, the maximum values of the bone density in patients of group B, where the augmentation of bone defects was performed using our proposed composition, were 1.4 times (p <0.01) and 1.8 times (p <0.05, p1 <0.01) higher than in group A, in the replacement of bone defects "Kolapan-L" and in group B, where the healing of the bone defect was spontaneous, respectively. It was found that in patients of group B after 12 months of studies, the average density of osteoregeneration was 1036.69±55.53 (HU), which was 1.5 times and 1.8 times more than in group A (p <0.01) and in group B patients (p <0.05, p1 <0.01) respectively. Conclusion. The use of tissue equivalent of bone tissue, proposed by us to replace a bone defect based on multipotent mesenchymal adipose tissue cells, contributed to the maximum increase in bone density, with a slightly lower effect of increasing bone density in the augmentation of bone defects

scholarly journals The effect of nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan scaffolds on rat calvarial defects for bone regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanouil Chatzipetros ◽  
Spyros Damaskos ◽  
Konstantinos I. Tosios ◽  
Panos Christopoulos ◽  
Catherine Donta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Parietal Bone ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background This study aims at determining the biological effect of 75/25 w/w nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan (nHAp/CS) scaffolds on bone regeneration, in terms of fraction of bone regeneration (FBR), total number of osteocytes (Ost), and osteocyte cell density (CD), as well as its biodegradability. Methods Two critical-size defects (CSDs) were bilaterally trephined in the parietal bone of 36 adult Sprague-Dawley rats (18 males and 18 females); the left remained empty (group A), while the right CSD was filled with nHAp/CS scaffold (group B). Two female rats died postoperatively. Twelve, 11, and 11 rats were euthanized at 2, 4, and 8 weeks post-surgery, respectively. Subsequently, 34 specimens were resected containing both CSDs. Histological and histomorphometric analyses were performed to determine the FBR, calculated as [the sum of areas of newly formed bone in lateral and central regions of interest (ROIs)]/area of the original defect, as well as the Ost and the CD (Ost/mm2) in each ROI of both groups (A and B). Moreover, biodegradability of the nHAp/CS scaffolds was estimated via the surface area of the biomaterial (BmA) in the 2nd, 4th, and 8th week post-surgery. Results The FBR of group B increased significantly from 2nd to 8th week compared to group A (P = 0.009). Both the mean CD and the mean Ost values of group B increased compared to group A (P = 0.004 and P < 0.05 respectively). Moreover, the mean value of BmA decreased from 2nd to 8th week (P = 0.001). Conclusions Based on histological and histomorphometric results, we support that 75/25 w/w nHAp/CS scaffolds provide an effective space for new bone formation.

Repairing Rabbit Radius Bone Defects with Simvastatin Compound Biological Bone

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1263-1270
Author(s):  
Zhong-Yu Liu ◽  
Jin-Li Zhang ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Shi-Lian Kan ◽  
Jun Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Defect ◽  
Maximum Stress ◽  
Biomechanical Testing ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Bone Material ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of repairing rabbit radius bone defects with simvastatin compound biological bone. Methods: Simvastatin biological bone material was prepared, and osteoblasts were cultured. A total of 42 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups, and a bone defect with a length of 15 mm was created at the middle part of the radial shaft of both limbs in each rabbit, thereby establishing a bone defect model. The grafts in group A were biological bones of osteoblasts combined with simvastatin; the grafts in group B were biological bones of simvastatin; the grafts in group C were biological compound bones of osteoblasts; and the grafts in group D were simple biological bones. In each group, four animals were randomly sacrificed at the sixth and twelfth week after surgery, and specimens were collected for gross observation, X-ray examination, histological observation, and biomechanical testing. In each group, two animals were randomly sacrificed at the twelfth week after surgery; a three-point bending test was performed using a biomechanical testing machine, and the results were compared with those of a normal radius. Results: The X-ray and histological examinations at 6 and 12 weeks after surgery revealed that the osteogenesis ability of the simvastatin biological bone and osteoblast-simvastatin biological bone was better than that of the osteoblast biological bone and simple biological bone, which was superior in group A and group B to group C and group D. The results of the biomechanical examination revealed that the maximum stress of the normal radius was significantly higher than that of the experimental groups. Among the experimental groups, the difference between group A and group B was not statistically significant, and the maximum stress was higher in groups A and B than in groups C and D. Conclusion: Simvastatin biological bone material can promote the repair of rabbit radius defects and increase the quality of bone healing.

scholarly journals BMSCs Seeding in Different Scaffold Incorporation with Hyperbaric Oxygen Treat Seawater Immersed Bony Defect

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
gan zhang ◽  
Xiaosong Chen ◽  
Xunsheng Cheng ◽  
Xiuwu Ma ◽  
Congcong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Defect ◽  
Medullary Canal ◽  
Bony Defect ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Abstract Introduction: The experiment was undertaken to estimate the effect of BMSCs seeding in different scaffold incorporation with HBO on the repair of seawater immersed bone defect. And future compared n-HA/PLGA with β-TCP/PLGA as scaffold in treatment effect of seawater immersed bone defect.Methods: 60 New Zealand White rabbits with standard seawater defect in radius were randomly divided to group A (implant with nothing), group B (implanted with atuogenous bone), group C (implanted with n-HA/PLGA/BMSCs, and Group D ( implanted with β-TCP/PLGA/BMSCs). After implant, each rabbit receive HBO treatment at 2.4 ATA 100% oxygen for 120 minutes per day for 2 weeeks. Radiograph, histological and biomechanical examination were used to analyze osteogenesis.Result: X-ray analysis show that n-HA/PLGA/BMSCs and β-TCP/PLGA/BMSCs could accelerate the new bone formation, and the new bone formation in group C was lager than in group D or group A, and close to group B (P<0.05). After 12 weeks, in group A, defect without scaffold show a loose connect tissue filled in the areas. The medullary canal in group B was recanalizated. Defect in group C and D show a larger number of wove bone formation. The new wove bone formation in defect areas in group C was lager than D. The mechanical examination revealed ultimate strength at 12 weeks were group D>group C>group B>group A(P<0.05).Conclusion: Scaffold of n-HA/PLGA and β-TCP/PLGA incorporation with HBO and BMSCs were effective to treat seawater immersed bone defect, and n-HA/PLGA was more excellent than β-TCP/PLGA.

Dose-intensive cyclophosphamide with etoposide and vincristine for pediatric solid tumors: a phase I/II pilot study by the Australia and New Zealand Childhood Cancer Study Group.

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 522-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
L White ◽  
G McCowage ◽  
G Kannourakis ◽  
V Nayanar ◽  
L Colnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Hematologic Toxicity ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Cancer Study ◽  
Cancer Study Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

PURPOSE This pilot study of the Australia and New Zealand Childhood Cancer Study Group investigated the effectiveness and toxicity of a regimen incorporating vincristine (VCR), etoposide, and divided-dose, escalating cyclophosphamide (CPA) (VETOPEC) in 23 patients aged 1 to 20 years with solid tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS Seventeen patients (group A) had recurrent or refractory tumors after prior multiagent therapy, and six patients (group B) with adverse prognostic indicators were treated at initial presentation. Treatment cycles were 21 to 28 days and consisted of vincristine (0.05 mg/kg) on days 1 and 14, with etoposide (2.5 mg/kg/d) plus escalating CPA on days 1, 2, and 3. The CPA dosage was escalated from 30 mg/kg/d in cycle no. 1 by 5 mg/kg/d in each cycle to a maximum of 55 mg/kg/d in cycle no. 6. RESULTS Of 20 patients assessable for tumor response, 19 (95%) responded after two to six cycles of VETOPEC: seven complete responses (CRs); eight very good partial responses (VGPRs); and four partial responses (PRs). In group A, 13 of 14 (93%) assessable patients responded (five CRs, four VGPRs, four PRs), and in group B, five stage IV and one stage III patient achieved two CRs and four VGPRs. The principal toxicity was myelosuppression. Grade IV neutropenia occurred after 98% of cycles, and the incidence of grade IV thrombocytopenia increased from 37% after cycle no. 1 to 91% after cycle no. 6 (P = .002). A total of 115 cycles delivered were followed by 62 febrile admissions (54%), and showed a significant rise with increasing cycles (P = .001). One patient died of septicemia. CONCLUSION This combination and scheduling produced a high response rate in patients with recurrent, refractory, or advanced solid tumors of childhood. Further studies of this regimen and of strategies to reduce hematologic toxicity are warranted.

scholarly journals Reduction of arrhythmias in primary hyperparathyroidism, by parathyroidectomy, evaluated with 24-h ECG monitoring

2018 ◽  
Vol 179 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Pepe ◽  
Cristiana Cipriani ◽  
Mario Curione ◽  
Federica Biamonte ◽  
Luciano Colangelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Density Measurement ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Ecg Monitoring ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveHypercalcemia may induce arrhythmias. There are no data on the prevalence of arrhythmias in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) in daily life. Aim of the study was to investigate both the prevalence of arrhythmias in patients with PHPT compared to controls and the impact of parathyroidectomy, evaluated by 24-h electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring.DesignThis is a randomized study.MethodsTwenty-six postmenopausal women with PHPT and 26 controls were enrolled. PHPT patients were randomized to two groups: 13 underwent parathyroidectomy (Group A) and 13 were followed up conservatively (Group B). After 6 months, patients were studied again. Each patient underwent mineral metabolism biochemical evaluation, bone mineral density measurement, standard ECG and 24-h ECG monitoring.ResultsPHPT patients showed higher calcium and parathyroid hormone compared to controls and a higher prevalence of both supraventricular (SVBPs) and ventricular premature beats (VPBs) during 24-h ECG monitoring. Groups A and B showed no differences in mean baseline biochemical values and ECG parameters. Mean value of QTc in PHPT groups was in the normal range at baseline, but significantly shorter than controls. A negative correlation was found between QTc and ionized calcium levels (r = −0.48,P < 0.05). After parathyroidectomy, Group A had a significant reduction in SVPBs and VPBs compared to baseline and restored normal QTc. Group B showed no significant changes after a 6-month period.ConclusionsThe increased prevalence of SVPBs and VPBs is significantly reduced by parathyroidectomy, and it is mainly related to the short QTc caused by hypercalcemia.

scholarly journals Dentin tubule obturation of a bioglass-based dentin desensitizer under repeated exposure to lactid acid and brushing

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea S. Manz ◽  
Thomas Attin ◽  
Beatrice Sener ◽  
Philipp Sahrmann
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Superficial Layer ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Dentin Hypersensitivity ◽  
Edx Analysis ◽  
Dentin Tubule ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background Dentin hypersensitivity is a frequent finding especially in periodontitis patients. Conventional treatment aims for obstruction of dentin tubules by disabling liquid and osmotic fluctuation to and from the pulpal chamber. A novel bioglass-based desensitizer was shown to obstruct tubules and to resist periodic exposure to lactic acid. Whether this obstruction is resistant to brushing had not been tested so far. Accordingly, the present study aimed to assess dentin tubule obstruction after repeated acid exposure and brushing. Methods Sixty dentin discs were cleaned with 17% EDTA, mounted into a pulp fluid simulator and randomly divided into 3 groups: No surface treatment in Group A, Seal&Protect® in group B and DentinoCer in group C. Discs were exposed to 0.1 M non-saturated lactic acid thrice and standardized brushing twice a day for 12 days. At baseline and after 2, 4 and 12 d samples were removed from the setting and prepared for top-view SEM analysis to assess tubule obstruction using the Olley score. Discs were then vertically cut and the section surface morphologically assessed using backscatter imaging. For both vertical and sectional surfaces EDX analysis was used to characterize the surface composition in the tubular and inter-tubular area. Results Group A showed clean tubular lumina at all time points. From day 2 onwards dentin showed exposed collagen fibers. Group 2 initially showed a complete surface coverage that flattened out during treatment without ever exposing tubules. At baseline, samples of Group C displayed a complete homogeneous coverage. From day 2 on tubules entrances with obstructed lumen became visible. While on day 4 and 12 the dentin surface exposed collagen fibers the lumina remained closed. EDX analysis of the vertical and horizontal views showed that P and Ca were predominant elements in both the inter- and tubular dentin while Si peaks were found in the tubule plugs. Conclusion While group B displayed a packed layer on the surface during the whole investigation time group C samples lost their superficial layer within 48 h. Tubule plugs containing considerable Si proportions indicated previous presence of DentinoCer, while high Ca and P proportions suggest obturation by dentin-like material.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Bone Mineral Density in Subjects with Primary Hyperparathyroidism by Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Rezwana Haque ◽  
Raihan Hussain ◽  
Shamim MF Begum
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
T Score ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Bone Condition

<p><strong><em>Objective:</em></strong><strong> </strong>Bone loss is a major complication of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), and the extent of bone loss is an important factor for parathyroidectomy. Studies focused on this issue of bone loss in subjects with PHPT are quite rare in our country. This study will help the physicians to take proper action by giving an exact reflection of bone condition in subjects with PHPT. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bone condition by measuring Bone Mineral Density (BMD), in subjects with PHPT using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) and compare these findings with individuals without PHPT.</p><p><strong><em>Patients and Methods:</em></strong><strong> </strong>It was an analytic cross sectional study (group comparison) carried out at National Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (NINMAS) BSMMU campus, Dhaka from July 2015-December 2016. Subjects of PHPT diagnosed by biochemical evaluation (increased serum calcium and parathyroid hormone concentrations), between age ranges 15-45 years were selected as group-A. Individuals without biochemical evidence of PHPT or other major illness causing bone loss were selected as comparison group or as group-B. The subjects underwent BMD test by DEXA at lumbar spines from L1-L4 vertebra and the left femoral neck using Norland XR-46 densitometer. BMD was classified according to WHO criteria. Data presented on categorical form were analyzed using chi-squared test. While the data presented on continuous scale were analyzed using student’s t-test. In each analysis, level of significance was 5% and P value &lt;0.05 was considered significant. Data were processed and analyzed with the help of computer software SPSS, version 20.</p><p><strong><em>Results:</em></strong><strong> </strong>Total number of 90 subjects were selected for this study, 45 subjects with PHPT were in group-A and equal number of subjects without PHPT were in group-B. The findings derived from data analysis showed, a significantly more male participants in group-A. The mean age of group-A and group-B was 37.24 ± 8.03 years and 38.20 ± 5.74 years respectively. Mean BMI of group-A was 25.10 ± 4.35 kg/m<sup>2  </sup>in compare to 29.43 ± 5.17 kg/m<sup>2</sup> in group-B. Higher BMI was noted in both groups. PHPT subjects with high BMI had low BMD. BMD expressed in absolute value (gm/cm<sup>2</sup>) and T score. BMD was significantly low in group-A (with PHPT) than in group-B (without PHPT), (p&lt;0.0001). In group-A, prevalence of low BMD was 62.2% (osteopenia 37.8%  and osteoporosis 24.4%)  at lumbar spine and 84.5% (osteopenia 35.6% and osteoporosis 48.9%) at femoral neck. PHPT subjects had significant difference in both T score and BMD between lumbar spine and femoral neck.</p><p><strong><em>Conclusion:</em></strong><strong> </strong>Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is shown to be associated with significantly reduced BMD especially at femoral neck. Thus, an increased fracture risk should consider if it is left untreated.</p><p>Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 20(2): 129-135, July 2017</p>

scholarly journals Pathological and microbiological impact of a gentamicin-loaded biocomposite following limited or extensive debridement in a porcine model of osteomyelitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 394-401
Author(s):  
Sophie A. Blirup-Plum ◽  
Thomas Bjarnsholt ◽  
Henrik E. Jensen ◽  
Kasper N. Kragh ◽  
Bent Aalbæk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Porcine Model ◽  
Drill Hole ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Group A ◽  
Extensive Debridement ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Right ◽  
Surrounding Bone

Aims CERAMENT|G is an absorbable gentamicin-loaded biocomposite used as an on-site vehicle of antimicrobials for the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the sole effect of CERAMENT|G, i.e. without additional systemic antimicrobial therapy, in relation to a limited or extensive debridement of osteomyelitis lesions in a porcine model. Methods Osteomyelitis was induced in nine pigs by inoculation of 104 colony-forming units (CFUs) of Staphylococcus aureus into a drill hole in the right tibia. After one week, the pigs were allocated into three groups. Group A (n = 3) received no treatment during the study period (19 days). Groups B (n = 3) and C (n = 3) received limited or extensive debridement seven days postinoculation, respectively, followed by injection of CERAMENT|G into the bone voids. The pigs were euthanized ten (Group C) and 12 (Group B) days after the intervention. Results All animals presented confirmatory signs of bone infection post-mortem. The estimated amount of inflammation was substantially greater in Groups A and B compared to Group C. In both Groups B and C, peptide nucleic acid fluorescence in situ hybridization (PNA FISH) of CERAMENT|G and surrounding bone tissue revealed bacteria embedded in an opaque matrix, i.e. within biofilm. In addition, in Group C, the maximal measured post-mortem gentamicin concentrations in CERAMENT|G and surrounding bone tissue samples were 16.6 μg/ml and 6.2 μg/ml, respectively. Conclusion The present study demonstrates that CERAMENT|G cannot be used as a standalone alternative to extensive debridement or be used without the addition of systemic antimicrobials. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(7):394–401.

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