scholarly journals Chemical Constituents and an Alternative Medicinal Veterinary Herbal Soap Made fromSenna macranthera

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Inoue Andrade ◽  
Gislaine Aparecida Purgato ◽  
Thalita de Faria Maia ◽  
Raoni Pais Siqueira ◽  
Sâmia Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Bovine Mastitis

Upon undergoing biomonitoring, the most active dichloromethane extract retrieved fromSenna macrantheraroots led to the isolation of three main compounds: emodine, physione, and chrysophanol. In this sequence, these compounds revealed a potential antibacterial activity againstStaphylococcus aureusstrains isolated from animals with mastitis infections with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 20, 90, and 90 μg mL−1, respectively. Therefore, an herbal soap was also produced from this same active extract. This soap was testedin vitrousing gloves contaminated by animals with bovine mastitis that had been discarded after use by milkers and showed similar results to previously tested compounds. These results indicate the potential of this plant as an alternative veterinary medicine for the production of antibacterial soaps that aimed at controlling bovine mastitis infections in small Brazilian farms.

In-Vitro Studies on the Sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus to Some Ethno-Medicinal Preparations Sold around Kano, Nigeria

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Bashir ◽  
I Yusuf ◽  
AS Kutama
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Herbal Preparations

Five traditional herbal preparations were sampled between May-June, 2009 in Kano. The samples were investigated for invitro antibacterial activities against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Likewise, phytochemical screening tests were conducted to determine some of the phytochemicals present in the ethanolic and water extracts of the samples. Various concentrations of the extracts were prepared using serial doubling dilutions (5000=l/ml, 2500=g/ml, 1250=g/ml, 625=g/ml and 312.5=g/ml). All the test extracts showed slight antibacterial activity against the test organism, with ethanolic extract of sample E having the highest zone diameter of inhibition, while sample H had the lowest diameter of inhibition. The standard antibiotic disc (Gentamicin) had demonstrated the highest activity on the test organisms. The results of the Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of steroid in all the samples, tannin in samples A, C, D and E, reducing sugars in sample A, D and E respectively. The result of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was found to be above 312.5=g/ml for samples C, D and E. Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, Herbal preparations, antibacterial activity, Phytochemical screening and minimum inhibitory concentration.

scholarly journals IN VITRO AND IN SILICO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF 1.5-BIS (3’-ETHOXY-4’-HYDROXYPHENYL)-1-4-PENTADIENE-3-ONE

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Agus Purwanggana ◽  
Esti Mumpuni ◽  
Esti Mulatsari
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antibacterial Study

Objective: The main objective of this research were screened in vitro and in silico of 1,5-bis (3'-ethoxy-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-pentadiene-3-one as potential antibacterial agents.Methods: The in vitro antibacterial study was carried against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis (gram positive) and Escherichia coli, Salmonella thypi (gram negative) using broth dilution method to determine Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), disc diffusion method to determine the diameter of inhibition zone. In silico antibacterial study was carried using computational software Protein-Ligand ANT System (PLANTS), computational docking was carried using receptor with Protein Data Bank (PDB) file 3MZD. The structures were optimized prior docking using YASARA, and MarvinSketch. The results of antibacterial testing were compared to two positive control drugs i. e amoxicillin and cefadroxil.Results: In vitro evaluation showed that 1,5-bis (3'-ethoxy-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-pentadiene-3-one has a better antibacterial activity than amoxicillin and cefadroxil with a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 0.15 ppm and diameter of inhibition zone of 11.27±0.31, 11.35±0.39, 11.25±0.33, and 11.05±0.45 mm in Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella thypi, respectively. These results in line with in silico evaluation that showed 1,5-bis (3'-ethoxy-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-pentadiene-3-one has more negative docking score than amoxicillin, cefadroxil, and cloxacillin acyl as a native ligand on the 3MZD receptor.Conclusion: This results obtained in this research work were 1,5-bis (3'-ethoxy-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-pentadiene-3-one compound potential as an antibacterial agent. 

scholarly journals Phytochemical characterization, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of essential oil and extracts of Tagetes patula on Staphylococcus aureus

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-367
Author(s):  
Virginia Monserrate López Zambrano ◽  
Alex Alberto Dueñas Rivadeneira ◽  
José Gerardo Cuenca Nevárez ◽  
Joan Manuel Rodríguez-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Tagetes Patula

Tagetes patula is an ornamental plant species and its essential oils contain potentially allelopathic active ingredients. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the phytochemical composition of extracts, the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of flowering leaves of the species, on Staphylococcus aureus. For this, the extraction of the essential oil by hydrodistillation was carried out, evaluating the physical characteristics (solubility, density and refractive index) and phytochemical characteristics of the extracts through a phytochemical screening (alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, tannins and reducing sugars). The quantificatics of phenols in the essential oil was performed by the Folin Ciocalteu method, the antioxidant activity using the DPPH and ABTS tests, the antimicrobial activity by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration. The results obtained showed for the essential oil, a density of 0,733 g.mL-1, refractive index of 1,47 and insolubility in ethanol (70 %), presence of tannins, flavonoids and phenols in the extracts. The phenolic content was 1.024 ± 0,19 mg.g-1 TAE, the antioxidant activity with DPPH was 87,6 ± 0,18 µmol.g-1TE and with ABTS 180,83 ± 0,36 µmol.g-1 TE in Trolox equivalent. The minimum inhibitory concentration was 16,67 mm against S. aureus, in response to which it is concluded that the essential oil of T. patula had antioxidant activity against radicals DPPH and ABTS, high phenolic contents and showed antibacterial activity in vitro tests against S. aureus.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Chemical Constituent and Antiseptic Herbal Soap fromSalvinia auriculataAubl.

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samia Lima ◽  
Gaspar Diaz ◽  
Marisa Alves Nogueira Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Chemical Constituent ◽  
Pure Form ◽  
Small Farms ◽  
Mic Value

The bioassay-guided isolation of the active extract ofSalvinia auriculataAubl. led to the separation of three main compounds, characterized as stigmasterone, stigmasterol, and friedelinol. The pure form of diketosteroid presented a potential antibacterial activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.01 mg mL−1againstStaphylococcus aureusisolated from animals with mastitis infections. The active extract also showed a similar result to that previously obtained with pure diketosteroid when tested with the same isolates. The present study’s results demonstrate the potential of this plant as an excipient for the production of antibacterial soaps aimed at controlling bovine mastitis infections, especially on small farms.

In Vitro Antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of Myrsine africana against laboratory Strains of Pathogenic Organisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (04) ◽  
pp. 4512
Author(s):  
Jackie K. Obey ◽  
Anthoney Swamy T* ◽  
Lasiti Timothy ◽  
Makani Rachel
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Myrsine Africana

The determination of the antibacterial activity (zone of inhibition) and minimum inhibitory concentration of medicinal plants a crucial step in drug development. In this study, the antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration of the ethanol extract of Myrsine africana were determined for Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The zones of inhibition (mm±S.E) of 500mg/ml of M. africana ethanol extract were 22.00± 0.00 for E. coli,20.33 ±0.33 for B. cereus,25.00± 0.00 for S. epidermidis and 18. 17±0.17 for S. pneumoniae. The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) is the minimum dose required to inhibit growth a microorganism. Upon further double dilution of the 500mg/ml of M. africana extract, MIC was obtained for each organism. The MIC for E. coli, B. cereus, S. epidermidis and S. pneumoniae were 7.81mg/ml, 7.81mg/ml, 15.63mg/ml and 15.63mg/ml respectively. Crude extracts are considered active when they inhibit microorganisms with zones of inhibition of 8mm and above. Therefore, this study has shown that the ethanol extract of M. africana can control the growth of the four organisms tested.

scholarly journals Antibacterial and Hemolytic Activity of Crotalus triseriatus and Crotalus ravus Venom

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 281
Author(s):  
Adrian Zaragoza-Bastida ◽  
Saudy Consepcion Flores-Aguilar ◽  
Liliana Mireya Aguilar-Castro ◽  
Ana Lizet Morales-Ubaldo ◽  
Benjamín Valladares-Carranza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Hemolytic Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
First Time

Rattlesnakes have venoms with a complex toxin mixture comprised of polypeptides and proteins. Previous studies have shown that some of these polypeptides are of high value for the development of new medical treatments. The aim of the present study is to evaluate, in vitro, the antibacterial and hemolytic activity of Crotalus triseriatus and Crotalus ravus venoms. A direct field search was conducted to obtain Crotalus triseriatus and Crotalus ravus venom samples. These were evaluated to determine their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa through the techniques of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). Hemolytic activity was also determined. Antibacterial activity was determined for treatments (Crotalus triseriatus 2) CT2 and (Crotalus ravus 3) CR3, obtaining a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of 50 µg/mL and a Minimum Bactericidal Concentration of 100 µg/mL against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. CT1 (Crotalus triseriatus 1), CT2, and CR3 presented hemolytic activity; on the other hand, Crotalus ravus 4 (CR4) did not show hemolytic activity. The results of the present study indicate for the first time that Crotalus triseriatus and Crotalus ravus venoms contain some bioactive compounds with bactericidal activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa which could be used as alternative treatment in diseases caused by this pathogenic bacterium.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and in Vitro Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil of Calycolpus Moritzianus (O. Berg) Burret from Mérida, Venezuela

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0800300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Díaz ◽  
Flor D. Mora ◽  
Judith Velasco ◽  
Tulia Díaz ◽  
Luis B. Rojas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity

The chemical constituents of the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from the leaves of Calycolpus moritzianus (O. Berg) Burret, syn Psidium caudatum Mc Vaught, collected in November 2006 in Mérida State, Venezuela, were identified by GC-MS analysis. Thirty components (91.1% of the sample) were identified, of which the seven major ones were β-caryophyllene (21.9%), α-pinene (10.9%), viridiflorol (9.7%), β-selinene (6.1%), α-copaene (6.3%), α-selinene (5.3%) and γ-eudesmol (5.1%). The oil was found to have antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC (6538) and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC (29212), with MIC values of 60 μg/mL and 180 μg/mL, respectively.

Phytochemical and Antibacterial Action of Taro (Colocasia esculenta, Araceaea) Aqueous-Ethanolic Leaf Extract against Selected Bacterial Strains

10.17158/232 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Judee N. Nogodula ◽  
Jessa Marie D. Draug ◽  
Maryjane S. Jamero
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

Taro (Colocasia esculenta) plant is commonly available and popularly used as food and alternative medicine. To prove its medicinal value, the study explored its secondary metabolites from aqueous-ethanolic leaf extract. Specifically, this investigation aimed to classify its acute dermal toxicity and antibacterial activity, determine its Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), and identify the equipotency with the standard drug and mutagenic activity. Phytochemical screening of tannins, alkaloids, saponins, cardenolides and bufadienolides, flavonoids, polyphenol compounds and anthraquinones was performed. Five healthy female rabbits were used for toxicity test based on OECD guidelines 404. Kirby-Bauer method was employed for antibacterial activity (susceptibility and potency tests) using Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300, Clinical Isolate Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. A two-fold agar dilution was applied for Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Ames test was employed for direct mutagenicity assay using Salmonella typhimurium TA98. Results showed that leaf extract has no anthraquinone and it is categorized as non toxic up to allowable dose of 5000 mg/kg. The findings showed a significant difference on the mean zones of inhibition between Vancomycin and plant extract against S. aureus and between tetracycline and the extract towards E.coli. The MRSA and P. aeruginosa showed no significant differences. The MIC of extract is effective to MRSA and S. aureus at 105.26 and 50 mg/mL respectively. However, E. coli and P. aeruginosa are resistant up to the 105.26 mg/mL. Potency test revealed a non-comparability in strength between the extract and Azithromycin using Gram-negative bacteria. However, the extract showed comparable strength with the standard drug using MRSA and S. aureus. Ames test revealed a mutagenic activity using Salmonella typhimurium TA98.

ID: 49: STUDY OF MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION OF CEFAZOLIN FOR METHICILLIN SENSITIVE STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AND CORRELATION WITH OXACILLIN SUSCEPTIBILITY

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 954.2-954
Author(s):  
C Quarshie ◽  
J Koirala ◽  
V Sundareshan
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
High Level

BackgroundCefazolin, a first generation cephalosporin, has been used for the treatment of Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infections since the 1970s. There have now been reported cases of failed therapy with cefazolin. High-level β-lactamase producing strains of S. aureus can inactivate the susceptible β-lactam (cefazolin) at a rate high enough to overcome its antibacterial effect. These strains typically have a high Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for cefazolin when a large inoculum is used. About 20% of MSSA isolates have been shown to have a substantial inoculum effect suggesting that cefazolin treatment might be associated with clinical failure in serious MSSA infections. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) for cefazolin is not provided on all standard sensitivity panels and susceptibility is extrapolated from the report on oxacillin. The goal of this study was to analyze the MIC of cefazolin for MSSA isolates to determine the correlation of cefazolin susceptibility and in vitro susceptibility of oxacillin. We also evaluated the MIC of alternative antibiotics as part of this study for use in patients that might be allergic to penicillin.MethodThirty two isolates of MSSA were randomly selected from repositories of isolates at Memorial Medical Center hospital's microbiology department from 2015. The isolates were from patients with a wide variety of diagnoses, including bacteremia, osteomyelitis and wound infections. S. aureus ATCC 29213 was used as controls. MICs were determined by a Kirby Bauer method for cefazolin and Epsilometer test for other antibiotics that were studied. Inocula were standardized using optical density measurements, with determinations of CFU/ml to determine the inoculum concentrations. IN addition to cefazolin, we obtained the MIC for daptomycin, oxacillin, ceftaroline and telavancin as well.ResultsOf the thirty two MSSA isolates tested, 100% were susceptible to cefazolin. The mean zone of inhibition (ZOI) was 29.18 with standard deviation of 3.67 for cefazolin (29–35 mm ZOI with ATCC strains of MSSA) . All the isolates were susceptible to Oxacillin with mean MIC of 0.7735 with standard deviation of 0.30. Daptomycin, ceftaroline and telavancin were 100% susceptible with mean MIC of 0.27, 0.25, and 0.07, respectively. All isolates were studied for the alternate antibiotics and no resistance was noted.ConclusionThe MIC of cefazolin for MSSA determined by in vitro susceptibility to oxacillin was entirely in the susceptible range with 100% correlation. Daptomycin, ceftaroline and telavancin are suitable alternative antibiotics for treatment of patients with infections due to MSSA in whom anti-staphylococcal penicillins cannot be used due to penicillin allergic, intolerance, and/or non-availability since there is not much resistance to these antibiotics in MSSA.

scholarly journals Synthesis and in vitro Antibacterial Activity of Quaternization 10-Methoxycanthin-6-one Derivatives

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
Jiang-Kun Dai ◽  
Dan Liu ◽  
Jin-Yi Wang ◽  
Jun-Ru Wang
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity

Natural products are an important source of antibacterial agents. Canthin-6-one alkaloids have displayed potential antibacterial activity based on our previous work. In order to improve the activity, twenty-two new 3-N-benzylated 10-methoxy canthin-6-ones were designed and synthesized through quaternization reaction. The in vitro antibacterial activity against three bacteria was evaluated by double dilution method. Four compounds (6f, 6i, 6p and 6t) displayed 2-fold superiority (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 3.91 µg/mL) against agricultural pathogenic bacteria R. solanacearum and P. syringae than agrochemical propineb. Moreover, the structure–activity relationships (SARs) were also carefully summarized in order to guide the development of antibacterial canthin-6-one agents.

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