Phytochemical and Antibacterial Action of Taro (Colocasia esculenta, Araceaea) Aqueous-Ethanolic Leaf Extract against Selected Bacterial Strains

10.17158/232 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Judee N. Nogodula ◽  
Jessa Marie D. Draug ◽  
Maryjane S. Jamero
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

Taro (Colocasia esculenta) plant is commonly available and popularly used as food and alternative medicine. To prove its medicinal value, the study explored its secondary metabolites from aqueous-ethanolic leaf extract. Specifically, this investigation aimed to classify its acute dermal toxicity and antibacterial activity, determine its Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), and identify the equipotency with the standard drug and mutagenic activity. Phytochemical screening of tannins, alkaloids, saponins, cardenolides and bufadienolides, flavonoids, polyphenol compounds and anthraquinones was performed. Five healthy female rabbits were used for toxicity test based on OECD guidelines 404. Kirby-Bauer method was employed for antibacterial activity (susceptibility and potency tests) using Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300, Clinical Isolate Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. A two-fold agar dilution was applied for Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Ames test was employed for direct mutagenicity assay using Salmonella typhimurium TA98. Results showed that leaf extract has no anthraquinone and it is categorized as non toxic up to allowable dose of 5000 mg/kg. The findings showed a significant difference on the mean zones of inhibition between Vancomycin and plant extract against S. aureus and between tetracycline and the extract towards E.coli. The MRSA and P. aeruginosa showed no significant differences. The MIC of extract is effective to MRSA and S. aureus at 105.26 and 50 mg/mL respectively. However, E. coli and P. aeruginosa are resistant up to the 105.26 mg/mL. Potency test revealed a non-comparability in strength between the extract and Azithromycin using Gram-negative bacteria. However, the extract showed comparable strength with the standard drug using MRSA and S. aureus. Ames test revealed a mutagenic activity using Salmonella typhimurium TA98.

In-Vitro Studies on the Sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus to Some Ethno-Medicinal Preparations Sold around Kano, Nigeria

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Bashir ◽  
I Yusuf ◽  
AS Kutama
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Herbal Preparations

Five traditional herbal preparations were sampled between May-June, 2009 in Kano. The samples were investigated for invitro antibacterial activities against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Likewise, phytochemical screening tests were conducted to determine some of the phytochemicals present in the ethanolic and water extracts of the samples. Various concentrations of the extracts were prepared using serial doubling dilutions (5000=l/ml, 2500=g/ml, 1250=g/ml, 625=g/ml and 312.5=g/ml). All the test extracts showed slight antibacterial activity against the test organism, with ethanolic extract of sample E having the highest zone diameter of inhibition, while sample H had the lowest diameter of inhibition. The standard antibiotic disc (Gentamicin) had demonstrated the highest activity on the test organisms. The results of the Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of steroid in all the samples, tannin in samples A, C, D and E, reducing sugars in sample A, D and E respectively. The result of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was found to be above 312.5=g/ml for samples C, D and E. Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, Herbal preparations, antibacterial activity, Phytochemical screening and minimum inhibitory concentration.

scholarly journals PROFIL KANDUNGAN KIMIA DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK METANOL DAUN BAMBAN (Donax canniformis (G. Forst.) K. Schum.) TERHADAP Staphylococcus aureus

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
Hidayatullah Hidayatullah ◽  
Syariful Anam ◽  
Muhamad Rinaldhi Tandah
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
The Family

Bamban (Donax canniformis (G. Forst.) K. Schum.) is one of the family Marantaceae plant that has many uses such as traditional medicine. Methanol extract of bamban leaves contains phenolic, tannins and saponins compounds. The purpose of this research is to determine the class of compounds that has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) methanol extract of bamban leaves. This extract was prepared using maceration method with methanol solvent. Determination the class of compounds was initiated by bioautografi test in order to determine spots which has have antibacterial activity. Subsequently, the spot were identified the class of compound using reagent spray FeCl3 and H2SO4 10%. The determination of MIC and MBC using dilution method. Research showed there are three compounds that had antibacterial activity. These compounds were predicted as spot I and spot II which were phenolic compounds and spot III as a saponin compound. MIC and MBC value of the methanol extract of leaves bamban leaves 8% and 13%, respectively.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Bromophenol from the Marine Red Alga Pterosiphonia complanata

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0700200
Author(s):  
Samira Etahiri ◽  
Abdel Kebir El Kouria ◽  
Valérie Bultel-Poncé ◽  
Michèle Guyot ◽  
Omar Assobhei
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Red Alga ◽  
C Nmr

The dichloromethane/methanol extract of the red alga Pterosiphonia complanata exhibited antibacterial activity against many potentially pathogenic Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria. The compound responsible for this activity was isolated and identified, mainly on the basis of 1H and 13C NMR experiments, as the known 3,4,6-tribromo-5-methoxymethyl-benzene-1,2-diol. Its minimum inhibitory concentration against Staphylococcus aureus was 2.8 μg/mL (7 nM).

Toxicological and Antimicrobial Evaluations of Formulated Ointment from Eskwater (Mikania cordata Asteraceae) Leaf Extract against Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

10.17158/334 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Judee N. Nogodula ◽  
Lady Ron M. Ducut ◽  
Jelah Mae F. Edorot ◽  
Aizovelle T. Egagamao
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Significant Difference

<p>Eskwater (Mikania cordata) is a medicinal plant in treating wounds by B’laan tribe. It is a useful treatment in the emerging cases of difficult-totreat infections caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. To validate such claims, this study was conducted to assess the toxicological and antimicrobial properties of eskwater leaf extract through the acute dermal toxicity, antibacterial activity, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), potency test with the standard drug and mutagenicity assay. Toxicity level was attained using female albino rats with the dose of 1000 mg/kg (Sighting study) while 1000 and 2000 mg/kg for Main study. Kirby-Bauer Method was employed for antibacterial activity using Vancomycin and Terbinafine as positive controls. MIC was determined in two-fold serial dilution and Ames test was employed for mutagenic assay using Salmonella typhimurium TA98. Hydrophilic base with low, medium and high doses were incorporated, respectively for ointment formulation. Results showed that eskwater extract was not toxic based from OECD 404 guideline and had partially active action against MRSA ATCC 43300 (13.66 ± 0.5778) and showed no inhibition in fungal growth. MIC was effective at 0.05 g/ml against MRSA only. It exhibited comparable potency with Vancomycin at the concentration of 0.32 mg and lastly, no noticeable mutagenic property was established. One-Way ANOVA and Post Hoc Tukey’s multiple comparison tests were employed in the efficacy of ointment. A significant difference resulted among the formulated ointment and positive control indicating that the three doses of formulated ointment and positive control have different potential to induce inhibition on the growth of MRSA. Ointment evaluated on its physical characteristics appeared greenish brown, has pH 6, good spreadability and washes out easily.</p>

scholarly journals IN VITRO AND IN SILICO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF 1.5-BIS (3’-ETHOXY-4’-HYDROXYPHENYL)-1-4-PENTADIENE-3-ONE

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Agus Purwanggana ◽  
Esti Mumpuni ◽  
Esti Mulatsari
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antibacterial Study

Objective: The main objective of this research were screened in vitro and in silico of 1,5-bis (3'-ethoxy-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-pentadiene-3-one as potential antibacterial agents.Methods: The in vitro antibacterial study was carried against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis (gram positive) and Escherichia coli, Salmonella thypi (gram negative) using broth dilution method to determine Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), disc diffusion method to determine the diameter of inhibition zone. In silico antibacterial study was carried using computational software Protein-Ligand ANT System (PLANTS), computational docking was carried using receptor with Protein Data Bank (PDB) file 3MZD. The structures were optimized prior docking using YASARA, and MarvinSketch. The results of antibacterial testing were compared to two positive control drugs i. e amoxicillin and cefadroxil.Results: In vitro evaluation showed that 1,5-bis (3'-ethoxy-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-pentadiene-3-one has a better antibacterial activity than amoxicillin and cefadroxil with a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 0.15 ppm and diameter of inhibition zone of 11.27±0.31, 11.35±0.39, 11.25±0.33, and 11.05±0.45 mm in Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella thypi, respectively. These results in line with in silico evaluation that showed 1,5-bis (3'-ethoxy-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-pentadiene-3-one has more negative docking score than amoxicillin, cefadroxil, and cloxacillin acyl as a native ligand on the 3MZD receptor.Conclusion: This results obtained in this research work were 1,5-bis (3'-ethoxy-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-pentadiene-3-one compound potential as an antibacterial agent. 

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Murrayaquinone A and 6-Methoxy-3,7-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-carbazole-1,4(9H)-dione

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biswanath Chakraborty ◽  
Suchandra Chakraborty ◽  
Chandan Saha
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Naturally Occurring

The antibacterial activity of Murrayaquinone A (10), a naturally occurring carbazoloquinone alkaloid, and 6-methoxy-3,7-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-carbazole-1,4(9H)-dione (11), a synthetic carbazoloquinone, both obtained during the development of the synthesis of Carbazomycin G, having unique quinone moiety, was studied against Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilisandStaphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coliandPseudomonassp.) bacteria. Compound10showed antibacterial activities against both ofEscherichia coliandStaphylococcus aureuswhereas compound11indicated the activity againstStaphylococcus aureusonly. Both compounds10and11exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 50 μg mL−1againstStaphylococcus aureus.

scholarly journals FORMULASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI KRIM EKSTRAK ETANOL HERBA SELEDRI (Apium graveolens L.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus

PHARMACON ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Garry Clements ◽  
Paulina V. Y. Yamlean ◽  
Widya Astuty Lolo
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Herb Extract

ABSTRACTCelery herbs (Apium graveolens L.) have content flavonoid, saponin and tannin. Flavonoids have anti-inflammatory properties, antioxidants and antibacterials. This study aims to determine whether the ethanol extract of celery herbs can be formulated into cream preparations, test the quality of preparations at concentrations of 5%, 10% and 15%. These methods of research are experimental laboratories by making the supply of self-sustaining herbal celery ethanol extract cream and testing the quality of the cream preparation,  as well as testing of antibacterial activity was carried out using the liquid dilution method and measuring value of  Minimum Inhibitory Concentration  and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration using a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. This research shows that celery herbs ethanol extract can be formulated into cream preparations, fulfilling quality test of organoleptic, scatter power, adhesion and cycling test, but that doesn’t meet the requirements for homogeneity tests and pH tests and has antibacterial activity which not only inhibits but kills bacteria in preparations of 5% and 15%Keywords: Cream Celery herb extract, Antibacterial, Staphylococcus aureus, UV-Vis spectrophotometer ABSTRAK Herba Seledri (Apium graveolens L.) memiliki kandungan flavonoid, saponin dan tannin. Flavonoid memiliki khasiat sebagai antiinflamasi, antioksidan dan antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ekstrak etanol herba Seledri dapat diformulasikan menjadi sediaan krim, menguji mutu sediaan pada konsentrasi 5%, 10% dan 15%. Metode penelitian ini experimental laboratorium dengan membuat Sediaan Krim Ekstrak Etanol Herba Seledri dan menguji mutu sediaan krim, serta   menguji aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode dilusi cair dan mengukur nilai KBM dan KHM menggunakan Spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol herba Seledri dapat diformulasikan menjadi sediaan krim, memenuhi uji mutu sediaan organoleptik, daya, sebar, daya hambat dan stabilitas  namun tidak memenuhi persyaratan untuk uji homogenitas dan uji pH serta mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri yang membunuh bakteri pada sediaan berkonsentrasi 5% dan 15%.Kata Kunci : Krim Ekstrak herba Seledri, Antibakteri, Staphylococcus aureus, Spektrofotometer UV-Vis

scholarly journals Experimental and theoretical evaluation of two indol-steroid-cyclobuta-imidazole derivatives as antibacterial drugs

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 4405-4415 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Theoretical Data ◽  
Novel Therapy ◽  
Theoretical Evaluation ◽  
Steroid Derivative

There some for treatment of infectios deseasses; however, some drugs can induce several adverse effects. The aim of this study was synthesizing and to determinate the antibacterial activity of two indol-steroid-cyclobuta-imidazole complex (compound 11 and 12) against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia colli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) model, using gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime as controls. The following stage involved the theoretical evaluation of the interaction of both compounds 11 and 12 with the β-lactamase enzyme (5f1g) using a docking software. The data found indicate that compound 12 decrease the growth bacterial of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia colli and Streptococcus pneumoniae in comparison with the compound 11 and this effect only was similar to cefotaxime Other theoretical data indicated that compound 12 could interact with different type of amino acids residues such as Ser61, Leu116, Gln117, Asp120, Tyr147, Asn149, Ser209, Tyr218, Thr318, Asn342 involved in the surface of 5f1g compared with 11. These data indicate that; i) the steroid derivative (12) show better affinity by the 5f1g protein in comparison with compound 11 which is translated as higher antibacterial activity; ii) this compound is particularly interesting because could constitute a novel therapy as antibacterial agent.

scholarly journals Phytochemical characterization, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of essential oil and extracts of Tagetes patula on Staphylococcus aureus

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-367
Author(s):  
Virginia Monserrate López Zambrano ◽  
Alex Alberto Dueñas Rivadeneira ◽  
José Gerardo Cuenca Nevárez ◽  
Joan Manuel Rodríguez-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Tagetes Patula

Tagetes patula is an ornamental plant species and its essential oils contain potentially allelopathic active ingredients. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the phytochemical composition of extracts, the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of flowering leaves of the species, on Staphylococcus aureus. For this, the extraction of the essential oil by hydrodistillation was carried out, evaluating the physical characteristics (solubility, density and refractive index) and phytochemical characteristics of the extracts through a phytochemical screening (alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, tannins and reducing sugars). The quantificatics of phenols in the essential oil was performed by the Folin Ciocalteu method, the antioxidant activity using the DPPH and ABTS tests, the antimicrobial activity by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration. The results obtained showed for the essential oil, a density of 0,733 g.mL-1, refractive index of 1,47 and insolubility in ethanol (70 %), presence of tannins, flavonoids and phenols in the extracts. The phenolic content was 1.024 ± 0,19 mg.g-1 TAE, the antioxidant activity with DPPH was 87,6 ± 0,18 µmol.g-1TE and with ABTS 180,83 ± 0,36 µmol.g-1 TE in Trolox equivalent. The minimum inhibitory concentration was 16,67 mm against S. aureus, in response to which it is concluded that the essential oil of T. patula had antioxidant activity against radicals DPPH and ABTS, high phenolic contents and showed antibacterial activity in vitro tests against S. aureus.

scholarly journals Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum Ekstrak Daun Sawo (Achras Zapota L.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Staphylococcus Aureus Secara In Vitro

BioScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Novia Yunika
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Study Results ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Negative Controls

Sapodilla (Achras zapota L.) is a plant commonly found on the island of Java, West Sumatra and West Nusa Tenggara. Sapodilla plant contains flavonoids, saponins and tannins. In leaf the dominant are flavonoids. The content of flavonoids in the plant tissue may act as an antioxidant and antibacterial. As an alternative natural antibacterial, sapodilla leaves should also be tested minimum inhibitory concentration effective to inhibit the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. This study aims to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration sapodilla leaf extract (Achras zapota L.) on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. The research was conducted from January to February 2015 in the Laboratory of Microbiology  UNP. Research method is descriptive by observing turbidity levels at each test tube as well as comparison increment Optical Density (OD) before incubation and after incubation of zeroes. Sapodilla leaf extract concentration ranging from 10% - 50%, amoxilin as a positive control, and negative controls (without extract). Study results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration of Sapodilla leaf extract on the growthbacteria present in a concentration of 50%. Keywords : Sapodilla leaf extract , Minimun Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), and Staphylococcus aureus

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