scholarly journals Paleopathology and Nutritional Analysis of a South German Monastery Population

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas G. Nerlich ◽  
Alfred Riepertinger ◽  
Ralph Gillich ◽  
Stephanie Panzer
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Body Height ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Dental Attrition ◽  
Arthritis Urica ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Nutritional Analysis ◽  
Disease Pattern

The monastery of Attel, Upper Bavaria, which was founded in AD 1030, harbours a series of crypt burials from the time period between AD 1700 and 1750. Due to a restoration of the church, 16 crypts had to be removed and were subjected to an extensive anthropological-paleopathological and isotope analysis. The 16 crypts contained 19 burials in open wooden coffins. All bodies were covered by an extensive layer of calcium carbonate. Despite this “treatment,” bone and teeth were excellently preserved (mean degree of conservation > 75%, completeness > 85%). The anthropological investigation revealed a mean age of 38.5 years and a body height of 1.71 m. Paleopathologically, a surprisingly high rate of trauma was seen (13 injuries in 7 different individuals, i.e., 36.8% of individuals affected), 2 cases presented signs of extensive arthritis urica (gout), and several monks were affected by arthrosis of shoulder and knee joints. Extensive dental attrition, numerous foci of dental caries, and dentogenic abscesses coincided with considerable dental calculus indicating poor oral hygienic conditions. Stable isotope analysis showed adequate mixed carnivore-herbivore nutrition, comparable to that of contemporaneous upper class individuals. This extensive combined analysis provides considerable insight into the nutrition and disease pattern of a middle-class monastery of early 18th century South Germany.

scholarly journals Influences of Shading and Fall Fertilization on Fluorescence, Freeze Resistance, Flower Production and Growth of Rhododendron ×kurume ‘Pink Pearl’

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Frank P. Henning ◽  
Timothy J. Smalley ◽  
Orville M. Lindstrom ◽  
John M. Ruter
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Freeze Resistance ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Shade Cloth ◽  
Main Plot

We investigated the influences of fall fertilization and light intensity on photosynthesis and freeze resistance of Rhododendron ×kurume ‘Pink Pearl’, an evergreen azalea cultivar, grown outdoors in containers under nursery conditions. The study included two main-plot fall fertilization treatments: 1) 0.5 liter solution containing 75 mg·liter−1 N applied for 60 days from August 1 through September 29 and 2) 0.5 liter solution containing 125 mg·liter−1 N applied for 120 days from August 1 through November 28, and four subplot light intensity treatments 1) 100% ambient photon flux density (PPFD) from May 1, 2004, through May 1, 2005, 2) shade fabric rated to reduce PPFD by 50% from May 1 through September 30, 2004, followed by 100% PPFD from October 1, 2004, through May 1, 2005, 3) 100% PPFD from May 1 through September 30, 2004, followed by 50% PPFD from October 1, 2004, through May 1, 2005, and 4) 50% PPFD from May 1, 2004, through May 1, 2005. Fertilizer application and shade treatments did not interact in their effects on stem freeze resistance or the timing of anthesis. The high rate of extended fertigation (125 mg·liter−1 N applied August 1 through September 28) reduced freeze resistance of azalea stems and advanced anthesis by 4.9 days compared to plants that received moderate fertigation (75 mg·liter−1 N from August 1 through September 29). The high rate of extended fall fertigation failed to increase leaf or stem dry weight compared to plants that received the moderate rate of fertigation. Plants grown in 50% PPFD from May 1 through September 30 produced 163% more above ground dry weight compared to plants grown in 100% light during the same time period. The addition or removal of shade cloth beginning October 1 failed to enhance azalea stem freeze resistance compared to plants that were only exposed to 100 or 50% PPFD respectively. Shade treatments affected the chlorophyll fluorescence ratio (Fv · Fm−1) of leaves, but leaf fluorescence was unrelated to stem freeze resistance. Shade treatments affected azalea growth and photosynthetic stress, but shade neither interacted with fall fertilization to increase stem freeze resistance, nor had a biologically significant effect on stem freeze resistance.

21. GONORRHOEA INFECTION IN SYDNEY WOMEN

Sexual Health ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 292
Author(s):  
C. R. Emerson ◽  
P. McDonagh ◽  
A. McNulty ◽  
E. Freedman
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Tubal Factor ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Clinic Population ◽  
General Community

Background: Gonorrhoea is associated with undesirable reproductive health outcomes in women including pelvic inflammatory disease and tubal factor infertility. However there is low prevalence in the general community and some authors have suggested that only those women with risk factors should be tested. But can we predict who will have a positive gonorrhoea result? Methods: A retrospective, case controlled, study was undertaken in an inner Sydney public Sexual Health clinic between January 2000 and December 2005. Cases were all women with culture proven cervical n.gonorrheoea infection in the time period. These were case matched with subsequent women with a negative gonorrhoea culture test. Variables examined included demographics, sex worker status, country of birth, injecting drug use (IDU) status, presence of symptoms and concurrent STIs. Results: There were 40 women who were n.gonorrhoea culture positive during the study period and 27 cases and 23 controls reported any genital symptoms. (what were the confidence intervals?) The relative risk of having gonorrhoea if discharge was described was 1.75 (p�<�0.05). The cases had a high rate of concurrent STI including chlamydia. Conclusions: The only significant predictor of gonorrhoea in this group was the symptom of vaginal discharge. Thus in our clinic population behaviour, demographic data or cannot be used to determine who gets tested for gonorrhoea.

INFLUENCE OF ADDITIVES ON THE ENSILING PROCESS OF WET BREWERS’ GRAINS

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. ALLEN ◽  
K. R. STEVENSON
Keyword(s):  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Ammoniacal Nitrogen ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Structural Carbohydrate ◽  
Butyric Acid Production ◽  
Anaerobic Storage

The results of three experiments to study various aspects of, and treatments to improve the preservation of, wet brewers’ grain are reported. In the first experiment, brewers’ grains were sampled in a brewery from the lauter tub and holding tanks. Material from the holding tanks was also ensiled in test-tube silos and sampled at various time intervals during the 18-day study. All samples were analyzed for lactobacillus growth, organic acid and ammoniacal nitrogen content and buffering capacity. Water soluble and total non-structural carbohydrate were determined for material sampled from six separate brews. No lactobacilli were isolated from the grains sampled in the lauter tub; however, lactic acid bacteria were evident in samples from the holding tanks. The lactobacillus population increased sharply during the first 2 days of ensiling, followed by a decline over the remaining 16 days of the experiment. The results of the 18-day study suggested that a silage additive would assist in satisfactory ensiling of wet brewers’ grains. The second and third experiments were designed to study the effects of various treatments on the preservation of brewers’ grains under long-term anaerobic storage conditions. In the second experiment, the 23-liter laboratory silos were ineffective in simulating actual horizontal silo conditions in the time period allocated to the study. The lack of similarity may be related to the cool temperatures under which the laboratory silos were stored. In the third experiment, 160-ml test-tube silos were used. The control silage was poorly preserved, containing high levels of acetic and butyric acid and ammoniacal nitrogen. The material treated with both rates (0.50 and 0.75%) of formic acid and the high rate (0.75%) of the formic–propionic mixture was well preserved. The addition of molasses, although inhibiting butyric acid production, was ineffective in controlling ammoniacal nitrogen production.

scholarly journals High Rate of Early Posterior Capsule Opacification following Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Rostami ◽  
Jack Tian ◽  
Nicholas Jackson ◽  
Rustum Karanjia ◽  
Kenneth Lu
Keyword(s):  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Postoperative Complication ◽  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Posterior Capsule Opacification ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Posterior Capsule ◽  
Time Period

Purpose: To compare the rates of rapid posterior capsule opacification (PCO) formation in the first 3 months following femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) to manual anterior capsulorhexis. Methods: Retrospective review of 29 cases of FLACS, comparing the rates of PCO in the first 3 months following surgery to 50 consecutive cases of manual anterior capsulorhexis. Results: Seven of the 29 FLACS cases developed PCO requiring capsulotomy at 3 months, while none of the control cases required a capsulotomy over the same time period (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There is an increased incidence of early-onset PCO following the use of femtosecond laser in cataract surgery that is otherwise unfounded in manual capsulorhexis. This suggests that the use of a femtosecond laser could increase the risk of this novel postoperative complication.

scholarly journals Cultivar, Photoperiod, and Gibberellin Influence Shoot Elongation and Photosynthetic Capacity of Hardy Azaleas

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-259
Author(s):  
David J. Ballantyne
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Greenhouse Experiment ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Production Time ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Short Days

In a greenhouse experiment involving 13 hardy azalea (Rhododendron spp.) cultivars, `Noordthiana' and `Treasure' had the highest rate of shoot elongation and the highest photosynthetic capacity (Pcap) during the summer. In winter, `Treasure' had a high rate of shoot elongation and Pcap, but `Noordthiana' had a high rate of shoot elongation and low Pcap. Long days or GA3 sprays stimulated shoot elongation but not Pcap of certain cultivars. GA3 was effective in stimulating shoot elongation of `Vuyk's Scarlet' if plants were given supplemental photoperiods under natural winter (short) photoperiods. Cultivars with a high rate of shoot elongation and Pcap likely will produce salable plants in a shorter time period than slower growing cultivars because less time elapses between prunings. Production time can be decreased further with GA3 sprays, especially with GA3 applications in combination with supplemental photoperiods during the short days of winter. Chemical name used: gibberellic acid (GA3).

scholarly journals Lipid biomarker-based verification of TB infection in mother’s and daughter’s mummified human remains (Vác Mummy Collection, 18th century, CE, Hungary)

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-109
Author(s):  
Orsolya A. Váradi ◽  
Ildikó Szikossy ◽  
Olga Spekker ◽  
Dávid Rakk ◽  
Gabriella Terhes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Exceptional Group ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Lipid Biomarker ◽  
The Family ◽  
Mother And Daughter ◽  
Family Connections ◽  
Adna Analysis

The perpetual burden of tuberculosis (TB) keeps drawing the focus of research on this disease. Among other risk factors (e.g., poor living conditions, malnutrition, smoking, HIV infection, etc.), being in close contact with a TB infected person requires special attention. For a better understanding of the disease, paleopathological investigations concerning TB have been carried out with various techniques for a long a time; nevertheless, analysis of incidence among family members is hardly possible in past populations. An exceptional group of naturally mummified individuals, the collection of the Vác mummies (Hungary, 18th century CE), is known about the large TB incidence rate, which has been revealed by aDNA analysis. Besides the high rate of TB infection, another interesting aspect of the collection is that in some cases, the family connections could be reconstructed. In this paper, we present the mycocerosic acid profiles gained by HPLC-HESI-MS measurements of two Vác mummies, who were mother and daughter according to the personal records. Earlier metagenomic analysis already revealed mixed M. tuberculosis infection with the same bacterial strains in both individuals; moreover, the same bacterial strains were recorded in both cases.

Vascular thromboembolic events in patients (pts) with advanced urothelial cancer (UC) treated with carboplatin/gemcitabine alone or in combination with bevacizumab

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 5074-5074
Author(s):  
A. B. Apolo ◽  
A. M. Regazzi ◽  
M. I. Milowsky ◽  
D. F. Bajorin
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Urothelial Cancer ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Myocardial Infarctions ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thromboembolic Events ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Vascular Accidents ◽  
Very High

5074 Background: Vascular thromboembolic events (VTE) occur in 13% of UC pts treated with cisplatin-based therapy ( J Urol 160:2021, 1998). Carboplatin-based therapy is used in UC pts intolerant of cisplatin but the frequency of VTE is unknown. Bevacizumab added to chemotherapy increases VTE in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC; 5% vs 3%) (Oncologist 12:713, 2007), breast cancer (7.4% vs 5.5%) and colorectal cancer (19% vs 16%) (JAMA. 2008;300:2288). This study evaluated VTE in UC pts treated with carboplatin/gemcitabine alone or with bevacizumab. Methods: Pts with advanced UC treated on a Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center protocol from June 2006 to September 2008 were analyzed prospectively. Therapy included > 3 cycles of bevacizumab (15 mg/kg on day 1) plus carboplatin (AUC 5 or 4.5 on day 1) and gemcitabine (1000 mg/m2 on days 1,8) every 21 days. Evaluation for VTE on a contemporary UC control group of pts receiving carboplatin plus gemcitabine alone during the exact same time period was conducted retrospectively. VTE were defined as pulmonary embolism (PE), deep venous thrombosis (DVT), myocardial infarctions (MI) and cerebral vascular accidents (CVA). Pts with simultaneous PE and DVT were considered to have one VTE. Results: 89 pts were evaluated. Of the 25 pts treated with bevacizumab plus chemotherapy, 4 pts (16.0%; 95% CI 5–36%) had a VTE of which there were 2 PE alone, 1 DVT alone, and 1 DVT and PE. No MI was observed in bevacizumab-treated pts. Of the 64 contemporary control pts treated with gemcitabine plus carboplatin alone, there were 11 pts (17%; 95% CI 9–29%) who had a VTE of which there were 4 PE alone, 4 DVT alone, 2 DVT and PE, and 1 MI. No CVA were seen in either group. Conclusions: Pts with advanced UC receiving carboplatin plus gemcitabine have a very high rate of VTE (17%). The VTE incidence is similar to colon cancer (16%) and greater than NSCLC (3%) and breast cancer (5.5%). The VTE rate is similar for both cisplatin and carboplatin, suggesting that it is intrinsic to the UC disease state. In this study, the addition of bevacizumab to carboplatin/gemcitabine was not associated with an increase in VTE over that seen for carboplatin/gemcitabine alone. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

A decade’s worth of otolith PIXE analyses

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 85-100
Author(s):  
Mikael Elfman ◽  
Karin E. Limburg ◽  
Henrik Svedäng ◽  
Håkan Wickström ◽  
Maciek Borysiuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope ◽  
Beam Current ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Pixe Analysis ◽  
Laboratory Setup ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
High Beam Current ◽  
Thick Absorber

Over the past 10 years, several thousand otoliths have been analyzed with PIXE (using 2.55 MeV protons) at LIBAF (Lund Ionbeam Analysis Facility, formerly LNMP Lund Nuclear Micro Probe). Over 40 elements have been identified in otoliths, many at levels suitable for PIXE analysis. Readily detectable elements in otoliths starting with Ca are: Ca (the matrix), Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Cd, Sn (difficult), I, Ba (sometimes difficult), Pb (difficult). The detector system, used over this time period, is more sensitive than many other X-ray detector systems, since it consists of eight HPGE detector elements (100 mm2 each), in an annular formation around the beam entrance. Using a thick absorber allows us to use quite high beam current, typically 12 nA, but sometimes up to 20 nA. This permits us to have low detection limits within short analysis times. Additionally, light stable isotope research is widespread in the sciences including ecology. Stable isotopes of N provide information about trophic level (“who eats who”), providing the opportunity to map out the switching of diets from one food type to another. Oxygen isotopes are useful as “environmental thermometers”. Currently, most of such analyses require destruction of the otolith, and nitrogen isotope analysis may require dissolving entire otoliths, thus losing all temporal information. We present new techniques using new types of detectors, double side silicon strip detector (DSSSD). The detectors, electronics and the laboratory setup are described in detail; for our analysis, a MeV proton and a deuterium microbeam at LIBAF is used. The analysis is performed immediately after the PIXE analysis, without moving the sample.

scholarly journals Consideration of Freshwater and Multiple Marine Reservoir Effects: Dating of Individuals with Mixed Diets from Northern Sweden

Radiocarbon ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1561-1585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack P R Dury ◽  
Gunilla Eriksson ◽  
Markus Fjellström ◽  
Thomas Wallerström ◽  
Kerstin Lidén
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Bone Collagen ◽  
Mixed Diet ◽  
Northern Sweden ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
Freshwater Reservoir ◽  
Human Burials ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Age Estimates

ABSTRACTHuman burials from the cemetery at the Rounala church, northern Sweden, were radiocarbon (14C) dated to shed light on the use of the cemetery. Carbon, nitrogen and sulfur stable isotope analysis of bone collagen from 19 distinct individuals indicated that these individuals had a mixed diet consisting of freshwater, marine and terrestrial resources. Dietary modeling using FRUITS was employed to calculate the contributions of the different resources for each individual. These data were then used to calculate individual ΔR values, taking into account freshwater and multiple marine reservoir effects, the latter caused by Baltic and Atlantic marine dietary inputs, respectively. 14C dating of tissues from modern freshwater fish species demonstrate a lack of a freshwater reservoir effect in the area. Two OxCal models were used to provide endpoint age estimates. The calibrated data suggest that the site’s cemetery was most likely in use already from the 14th century, and perhaps until at least the late 18th century.

scholarly journals Pleistocene Climate Change in Central Europe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Banak ◽  
Oleg Mandic ◽  
Davor Pavelić ◽  
Marijan Kovačić ◽  
Fabrizio Lirer
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Pleistocene Climate ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Anatomically Modern Humans

Loess is terrestrial, clastic sediment formed by the accumulation of wind-blown dust. It is usually inter–bedded with paleosol horizons, forming loess-paleosol successions (LPS). Due to their characteristics LPS’s represent valuable records of climate changes during Pleistocene. The thickest LPS sections in Croatia are in the Baranja region. Stable oxygen (δ18O) and carbon (δ13C) isotope analysis were made on loess malacofauna in order to quantify paleo-temperature changes and describe paleo-vegetation in this part of Central Europe. δ18O values show significant paleotemperature changes during the Upper Pleistocene (130 ky - 20 ky) in Baranja region. Average growing season (AGS) temperature varied 13.2 °C or 9.5 °C during that time period, depending on which formula is applied for calculations. Magnetic susceptibility (MS) measurements show strong peaks in the paleosol horizons pointing to more humid climate. The overall climate was much cooler then present. Stable carbon isotope values point to dominance of C3 vegetation type during the Late Pleistocene in southern part of Central Europe. Climate change in the Late Pleistocene is very likely a significant but not the only factor that influenced the extinction of Neanderthal population which paved the way for the dominance of anatomically modern humans (AMH) in Central Europe.

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