scholarly journals Contamination of Hospital Water Supplies in Gilan, Iran, withLegionella pneumophila, Escherichia coli,andPseudomonas aeruginosa

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Ahmadi Jalali Moghadam ◽  
Hamidreza Honarmand ◽  
Sajad Asfaram Meshginshahr
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Contamination Degree ◽  
Commercial Kit

This study is designed to determine the contamination degree of hospital water supplies withPseudomonas aeruginosa, Legionella pneumophila, andE. coliin Gilan, Iran. Samples were collected directly into sterile containers and concentrated by centrifuge. Half part of any sample transferred to yeast extract broth and the second part transferred to Trypticase Soy Broth and incubated for 3 days. DNA was extracted by using commercial kit. Four rounds of PCR were performed as follows: multiplex PCR for detectingPseudomonas aeruginosa, Integron 1, and Metallo-β-lactamases gene; PCR for detectingLegionella pneumophilaandmipgene separately; PCR for detectingE. coli; and another PCR for detecting whole bacterial presence. Contamination rates of cold, warm, and incubator water samples withP. aeruginosa, were 16.6%, 37.5%, and 6.8% consequently. Degrees of contamination withL. pneumophilawere 3.3%, 9.3%, and 10.9% and withE. coliwere zero, 6.2%, and zero. Total bacterial contamination of cold, warm, and incubator water samples was 93.3%, 84.4%, and 89.0% consequently. Metallo-β-lactamases gene was found in 20.0% of all samples. Contamination degree withP. aeruginosawas considerable and withL. pneumophilawas moderate. Metallo-β-lactamases gene was found frequently indicating widespread multiple drug resistance bacteria. We suggest using new decontamination method based on nanotechnology.

scholarly journals Diversity, virulence and antibiogram traits of Escherichia coli recovered from potable water sources in Gharbia, Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-438
Author(s):  
Walid Elmonir ◽  
Etab Mohamed Abo Remela ◽  
Yasmine Alwakil
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Well Water ◽  
E Coli

Abstract This study aimed to assess the public health risk of coliforms and Escherichia coli contamination of potable water sources in Egypt. A total of 150 water samples (100 tap and 50 well) were collected from five districts in Gharbia governorate, Egypt. High rates of coliforms contamination were recorded in 52 and 76% of examined tap and well water samples, respectively. E. coli strains were detected in 16% of the water samples (15% tap water and 18% well water; 23.7% rural and 8.1% urban). Rural water sources were 3.5 times more likely to be contaminated than urban sources (P = 0.01). Eight (33.3%) E. coli isolates were Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). Multiple drug resistance (MDR) was observed for 62.5% of the isolates. Seven (29.2%) E. coli isolates harboured at least one of the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes. The majority (87.5%) of the STEC isolates were MDRs and harboured ESBL genes. STEC isolates were significantly more likely to resist six classes of antibiotics than non-STEC isolates. This is the first report of potable water contamination with MDR-STEC in Egypt. This study highlights an alarming public health threat that necessitates preventive interventions for public and environmental safety.

scholarly journals Isolation of a 29.5 kb Plasmid conferring Multiple Drug Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Shahanara Begum ◽  
Iftikhar Ahmed ◽  
Faisal Alam ◽  
M Samsuzzaman ◽  
Parvez Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Plasmid Dna ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Donor Strain ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistant Bacterial Strain

Context: Worldwide emergence of plasmid mediated multi drug resistant bacterial strain is a growing concern, especially in hospital infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Relation of plasmid and drug resistance in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa by curing and transformation experiments is scanty.Objectives: To isolate, purify and characterize plasmid DNA harbored in a selected Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain encoding multiple drug resistance and to perform transformation of the isolated plasmid into a sensitive strain of Escherichia coli LE 392 to judge transformation potential of the donor P. aeruginosa strain. Materials and Methods: Plasmid DNA was isolated from a multidrug-resistant (MDR) strain of P. aeruginosa obtained from swab of a hospitalized burn patient by mini-scale method. DNA was purified, quantitatively estimated and electrophoresed on 0.8% agarose gel. Transformation was done as per Cohen and co-workers using plasmid DNA isolated from MDR P. aeruginosa strain as the donor and the E. coli LE 392 strain. The presence of plasmid in transformants checked through electrophoresis and the transformants was also tested for each drug resistance already recorded for the donor strain by disc diffusion method and again confirmed by spreading its culture on the selected antibiotic plate of different concentrations. Results: A single plasmid of nearly 29.5 kb mass was isolated from MDR P. aeruginosa strain from clinical swab. This plasmid was transferred into sensitive and plasmid lacking recipient E. coli LE 392. Subsequent experiments on the transformed strain revealed that it acquired MDR and harbored a 29.5 kb plasmid which resembled to that of the donor strain proving that it encodes transferable MDR.Conclusion: The MDR P. aeruginosa strain contained a transferable plasmid conferring resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin. Key words: Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Multidrug–resistance; plasmid isolation; transformation. DOI: 10.3329/jbs.v17i0.7113J. bio-sci. 17: 95-100, 2009

Antibiotic susceptibility testing of bacteria in drinking water sources in Akungba‐Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-237
Author(s):  
A. O. Ajayi ◽  
N. F. Agangan
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽  
The University

In present investigation, the bacteriological analysis and antibiotic sensitivitypattern of drinking water samples collected from different sources ofAkungba Ã¢â‚¬ÂAkoko, Nigeria was done. The antibiotics mainly considered in ourstudy for determining the sensitivity were amongst the commonly used inthis area for treatment of infectious diseases. As a result, the bacteriologicalindex, especially coliform count was observed notably high with 72 x10 1 cfu/ml for stream sample and 26.4 x 10 1 cfu/ml for borehole sample. The majorbacterial isolates identified in the water samples were Staphylococcus sp,E.coli  Ã¢â‚¬Ânegative bacteria wereobserved showing 75% and 65% resistant to Septrin and Amoxicillin respectively.Also, multiple drug resistance was observed for many antibiotics.Therefore, the presence of high amount antibiotic resistant bacteria of clinicalimportance is reported in these water sources which are usually consumedby students and members of the University community. Hence, thisstudy necessitates the need for water treatment so that epidemics of waterbornebacterial disease can be averted in this region., Klebsiella sp, Pseudomonas sp., Enterococcus sp., Bacillus cereus andothers. With regards to the antibiotic sensitivity test, all isolates showed100% resistance to Ampicillin and Cloxacillin and 85.7% resistance to Zinnacef[a cephalosporin product]. However, the gram 

Detection of Metalo-Beta-Lactamase Gene in Carbapenem Resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolated From Lahore, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Humera Kausar ◽  
Shabbir Hussain ◽  
Afia Muhammad Akram
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Routine Laboratory Examination ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Biochemical Testing ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Lactamase Gene

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a widespread organism, caused severe nosocomial infection in human andassociated with multiple drug resistance (MDR) Objective: The present study was carried out to observecurrent antimicrobial resistant pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Lahore and to detect the Metallobeta-lactamase (MBL) gene in carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Methods: By screening360 samples total 123 Pseudomonas aeruginosa was identified by standard microbiology techniques suchas microscopy and biochemical testing. The isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated for drugresistance by disc diffusion method and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify thecarbapenem resistance causing gene (bla-VIM and bla-IMP) Results: Following antibiotic resistantpattern was observed, Gentamycin (59.00%), Ceftazidime (58.7%), Ceftriaxone (58.00%), Cefotazime(57.0%) and Ciprofloxacin (55.00%). Resistance rates to carbapenem group of antibiotics is Doripenem(30.5%) Meropenem (31.0%) and Imipenem (28.0%). Out of 123 samples of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 28isolates were found resistant to carbapenem group of antibiotic which was supposed to be highlysensitive for this bacterium. Molecular based identification of resistance genes showed that bla-IMP genewas present in 32.1% (09) and bla-VIM was found positive in 17.8% (04) samples. Metallo-beta-lactamasesproducing genes (bla-VIM and bla-IMP), among carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa weredetected in 28.1% of samples. If other carbapenem resistant gene were also included this number mightbe higher Conclusions: PCR based test should be included in routine laboratory examination for quickdetection of the resistance causing genes.

Characterization of novel ybjG and dacC variants in Escherichia coli

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 1728-1734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongguo Wang ◽  
Enping Hu ◽  
Jiayu Chen ◽  
Xiulin Tao ◽  
Katelyn Gutierrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Conventional Pcr ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Novel Variants ◽  
Restriction Sites ◽  
Genetic Structures

A total of 69 strains of Escherichia coli from patients in the Taizhou Municipal Hospital, China, were isolated, and 11 strains were identified that were resistant to bacitracin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and erythromycin. These strains were PCR positive for at least two out of three genes, ybjG, dacC and mdfA, by gene mapping with conventional PCR detection. Conjugation experiments demonstrated that these genes existed in plasmids that conferred resistance. Novel ybjG and dacC variants were isolated from E. coli strains EC2163 and EC2347, which were obtained from the sputum of intensive care unit patients. Genetic mapping showed that the genes were located on 8200 kb plasmid regions flanked by EcoRI restriction sites. Three distinct genetic structures were identified among the 11 PCR-positive strains of E. coli, and two contained the novel ybjG and dacC variants. The putative amino acid differences in the ybjG and dacC gene variants were characterized. These results provide evidence for novel variants of ybjG and dacC, and suggest that multiple drug resistance in hospital strains of E. coli depends on the synergistic function of ybjG, dacC and mdfA within three distinct genetic structures in conjugative plasmids.

scholarly journals Detection of VIM and NDM-1 metallo-beta-lactamase genes in carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains in Bahrain

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 138-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronni Mol Joji ◽  
Nouf Al-Rashed ◽  
Nermin Kamal Saeed ◽  
Khalid Mubarak Bindayna
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa has emerged as a life-threatening infectious agent worldwide. Carbapenemase genes are reported to be some of the most common mechanisms for carbapenem resistance in P. aeruginosa. No reports are available from the Kingdom of Bahrain about carbapenem resistance and the underlying cause. In this study, we determined to study the presence of the metallo-beta-lactamase (M β L) genes of VIM family and NDM-1 in carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa strains. METHODOLOGY: Fifty carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates were obtained from three main hospitals of Bahrain. They were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing by disc diffusion test. Subsequently, MβL was detected by imipenem-ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) combined disc test and conventional polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Among 50 P. aeruginosa strains, 40 (80%) were imipenem resistant. Among the 40 imipenem-resistant strains, 35 (87.5%) strains were positive for the imipenem-EDTA combined disc test, and 21 (52%) were carrying MβL genes. Nineteen (47.5%) strains were positive for the VIM gene; one (2.5%) strain was carrying the NDM-1 gene, while one strain was carrying both the VIM and NDM-1 genes. None of the imipenem sensitive strains carried the VIM or NDM-1 gene. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to report the presence of the VIM family gene and NDM-1 genes in imipenem-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The study also confirms the multiple drug resistance by the MβL strains, attention should therefore from now on, be focused on prevention of further spread of such isolates by firm infection control measures, and to reduce its threat to public health.

scholarly journals Detection of antibiotic resistance genes among multiple drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from clinical sources in selected health institutions in Kwara State.

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
O.C. Adekunle ◽  
A. Mustapha ◽  
G. Odewale ◽  
R.O. Ojedele
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Health Institutions

Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a frequent nosocomial pathogen that causes severe diseases in many clinical and community settings. The objectives were to investigate the occurrence of multiple antibiotic resistant P. aeruginosa strains among clinical samples and to detect the presence of antibiotic resistance genes in the DNA molecules of the strains.Methods: Clinical specimens were collected aseptically from various human anatomical sites in five selected health institutions within Kwara State, Nigeria. Multiple drug resistance patterns of isolated micro-organisms to different antibiotics were determined using the Bauer Kirby disc diffusion technique. The DNA samples of the multiple resistant P. aeruginosa strains were extracted and subjected to Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for resistance gene determination.Results: A total of 145 isolates were identified as P. aeruginosa from the clinical samples. Absolute resistance to ceftazidime, gentamicin and ceftriaxone was observed while low resistance to ciprofloxacin, piperacillin and imipenem was documented. The prevalence of bla VIM , ,bla CTX-M and blaTEM were 34.4 %, 46.7 % and 16.7 % respectively.Conclusion: This study has shown that there is a high occurrence of metallo â-lactamase- producing and antibiotic-resistant strains of P. aeruginosa in clinical specimens from the studied area. Keywords: Metallo â-lactamase enzyme, P. aeruginosa, clinical samples, antibiotic-resistance genes

scholarly journals Activity of isolated specific bacteriophage in treatment of chronic osteomyelitis induced by multiple drug resistance Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Rabbits

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-156
Author(s):  
Sarhan Rashid Sarhan
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Chronic Osteomyelitis ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Specific Bacteriophage

     This study was conducted to find out the possibility of using the Pseudomonas aeruginosa specific-bacteriophage as an alternative to antibiotics in treatment of chronic osteomyelitis in rabbits by injection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa suspension in tibia. The current study included an isolation of bacteriophage from sewage water by using agar overlay method and also an isolation of the bacteria from patients suffering from post-traumatic bone infection. The second experiment was in-vivo evaluation of phage activity in treatment of chronic osteomyelitis in rabbits. All animals of infected groups with Pseudomonas aeruginosa before treatment exhibited histopathological changes after 35 days of infection, the infected groups showed chronic osteomyelitis represented by sever chronic inflammatory cells infiltrates mainly lymphocytes, and macrophages and hemorrhage between bone trabeculae, also some sections showed extensive fibrosis in the marrow spaces. The treated group with P. aeruginosa specific – bacteriophage (1.5 ×107) PFU/ml for 10 days showed early repair elucidated by presence whorls of chondrocytes, and also the presence of multiple osteoblasts indicated bone formations. Also the presence of extensive fibrosis in the marrow space with present of osteoblasts indicated bone formations and repair.

scholarly journals Mesoscopic Energy Minimization Drives Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Morphologies and Consequent Stratification of Antibiotic Activity Based on Cell Metabolism

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Sheraton ◽  
J. K. H. Yam ◽  
C. H. Tan ◽  
H. S. Oh ◽  
E. Mancini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Gene Knockout ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Cellular Potts Model ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT Segregation of bacteria based on their metabolic activities in biofilms plays an important role in the development of antibiotic resistance. Mushroom-shaped biofilm structures, which are reported for many bacteria, exhibit topographically varying levels of multiple drug resistance from the cap of the mushroom to its stalk. Understanding the dynamics behind the formation of such structures can aid in design of drug delivery systems, antibiotics, or physical systems for removal of biofilms. We explored the development of metabolically heterogeneous Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms using numerical models and laboratory knockout experiments on wild-type and chemotaxis-deficient mutants. We show that chemotactic processes dominate the transformation of slender and hemispherical structures into mushroom structures with a signature cap. Cellular Potts model simulation and experimental data provide evidence that accelerated movement of bacteria along the periphery of the biofilm, due to nutrient cues, results in the formation of mushroom structures and bacterial segregation. Multidrug resistance of bacteria is one of the most threatening dangers to public health. Understanding the mechanisms of the development of mushroom-shaped biofilms helps to identify the multidrug-resistant regions. We decoded the dynamics of the structural evolution of bacterial biofilms and the physics behind the formation of biofilm structures as well as the biological triggers that produce them. Combining in vitro gene knockout experiments with in silico models showed that chemotactic motility is one of the main driving forces for the formation of stalks and caps. Our results provide physicists and biologists with a new perspective on biofilm removal and eradication strategies.

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