scholarly journals Effect of Moxidectin Treatment at Peripartum on Gastrointestinal Parasite Infections in Ewes Raised under Tropical Andes High Altitude Conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Vargas-Duarte ◽  
H. Lozano-Márquez ◽  
H. A. Grajales-Lombana ◽  
C. Manrique-Perdomo ◽  
D. A. Martínez-Bello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasite ◽  
Tropical Andes ◽  
Clinical Evaluations ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
The Impact

This study tested the impact of moxidectin at peripartum on nematode fecal egg count (FEC) and clinical parameters on ewes in the high altitude tropical Andes of Colombia. FEC and clinical evaluations were performed on 9 occasions in 43 naturally infected ewes before and during gestation and after lambing. Moxidectin (Mox, 200 µg kg−1) was applied at late pregnancy (T1,n=15) or 48 hours after parturition (T2,n=14). 14 untreated ewes served as controls (C). Suckling lambs(n=58)remained untreated and underwent four clinical and parasitological evaluations until 8 weeks after birth. Mox efficacy equaled 99.3% (T1) and 96.9% (T2). Highest mean FEC value reflecting periparturient nematode egg rise (PPER) was recorded in C ewes at 4–6 weeks after lambing. Significant FEC reductions were found inT1(94.8%) andT2(96.7%) ewes(p<0.05). All lambs showed a significant and ewes-group independent increase in FEC before weaning(p<0.05). Clinical parameters (anemia and diarrhea) showed time- and treatment-related differences(p<0.05). Monitoring of FEC and clinical parameters linked to gastrointestinal parasite infections allowed demonstrating that postpartum or preweaning are two critical periods to nematode infection for sheep raised under tropical Andes high altitude conditions. Use of Mox as anthelmintic treatment prevented PPER.

363 Relationship Between Parasite Load and Performance in Goat Kids at Weaning and Early Post Weaning

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 203-203
Author(s):  
James Adeyemi ◽  
Kenneth Andries ◽  
Emily Clement
Keyword(s):  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasite ◽  
Important Condition ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Domestic Livestock ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Goats are small ruminants that have enormous potential to boost the economy and be a major source of income especially to marginal farmers and landless laborers. A very common and economically important condition, which affects domestic livestock species worldwide, is Gastrointestinal (GI) parasitism. Haemonchus contortus is the gastrointestinal parasite most common in small ruminants. To better understand the impact of GI parasitism, a study was conducted to research the relationship between parasite load and performance in goat kids at weaning and 60 d post-weaning. Fecal samples were collected at weaning and 60 d post-weaning and egg counts were performed using the modified McMasters technique. Data collected included weights, Fecal Egg Count at weaning, and at 60 d post-weaning. The average fecal egg count at weaning was 830 eggs per gram and 1103 eggs per gram 60 d post-weaning for H. contortus. Egg count at weaning was significantly related to weight at both weaning and 60 d post-weaning (P &lt; .0001 and P = .0003 respectively), but not to ADG (P &gt; .05). Fecal egg count at 60 d post-weaning was not significantly related to either weight or ADG (P &gt; .05). Egg counts at weaning and 60 days post-weaning were not related (P = .0708). The results indicate that early parasite infection can influence animal weights. The lack of a significant correlation between egg counts at weaning and 60 d post weaning indicates a need to evaluate parasite load at later ages in kids when selecting for resistance.

scholarly journals Is the use of contraceptives associated with periodontal diseases? A systematic review and meta-analyses

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Micaele Maria Lopes Castro ◽  
Maria Karolina Martins Ferreira ◽  
Iasmin Encaua Essashika Prazeres ◽  
Paula Beatriz de Oliveira Nunes ◽  
Marcela Baraúna Magno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptive ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Previous studies indicated an impact of hormonal contraceptive use on oral health. This systematic review aimed to investigate the evidence supporting the impact of the use of hormonal contraceptives and periodontal diseases. Methods This study is based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and based on the PECO acrostic. Inclusion criteria comprised observational studies including women (P), which evaluated hormonal contraceptive users (E) and hormonal contraceptive non-users (C), to verify the association between this hormonal therapy and the periodontal diseases (O). Searches were performed on 5 databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, LILACS and grey literature (OpenGrey and Google Scholar). After the selection process, the included studies were evaluated qualitatively. Moreover, quantitative data were analyzed in two meta-analyses for clinical attachment loss (CAL) and probing depth (PD). Finally, the level of certainty was measured with the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) tool between periodontal clinical parameters. Results 18 articles were eligible for the qualitative synthesis and 7 of them were selected for quantitative analysis. Hence, 15 of the eligible articles reported an association between the use of hormonal contraceptives and severity of periodontal disease. However, 6 articles demonstrated high risk of bias and were excluded from quantitative synthesis. The meta-analysis showed a statistically significant difference for CAL (MD 0.24 [0.09, 0.40]; p = 0.002), but in PD (MD 0.05 [− 0.05, 0.15]; p = 0.33) such difference was not identified. A very low level of evidence was found between the clinical parameters. Conclusions The use of hormonal contraceptives may be associated to severity of periodontal diseases. However, the quantitative analysis points to an inconclusive outcome due to the high level of heterogeneity. The association is biologically plausible, however additional studies are warranted to better elucidate the clinical significance of this possible association.

Are neutrophil extracellular traps the link for the cross-talk between periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis physiopathology?

Rheumatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sicília Rezende Oliveira ◽  
José Alcides A de Arruda ◽  
Ayda Henriques Schneider ◽  
Valessa Florindo Carvalho ◽  
Caio Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps ◽  
Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Extracellular Traps ◽  
Early Ra ◽  
The Cross ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play a role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, it remains poorly understood whether NETs participate in the cross-talk between periodontitis and RA. Herein, we investigated the production of NETs in individuals with periodontitis and RA and its association with clinical parameters. The impact of periodontal therapy on RA and NET release was also assessed. Methods The concentration of NETs and cytokines was determined in the saliva and plasma of individuals with early RA (n = 24), established RA (n = 64), and individuals without RA (n = 76). The influence of periodontitis on the production of NETs and cytokines was also evaluated. Results Individuals with early RA had a higher concentration of NETs in saliva and plasma than individuals with established RA or without RA. Periodontitis resulted in an increase in the concentration of NETs of groups of individuals without RA and with early RA. The proportion of individuals with high concentrations of IL-6, IL-10 and GM-CSF was higher among individuals with periodontitis than among individuals without periodontitis. The concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17/IL-25, and IL-28A were particularly high in individuals with early RA. Worse periodontal clinical parameters, RA onset and RA activity were significantly associated with circulating NETs. Periodontal therapy was associated with a reduction in the concentration of NETs and inflammatory cytokines and amelioration in periodontitis and RA. Conclusion This study reveals that NETs are a possible link between periodontitis and RA, with periodontal therapy resulting in a dramatic switch in circulating NET levels.

The Influence of Altitude on Erythropoietin Resistance Index in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients: Data from Tibetan Plateau

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Zong-hui Dang ◽  
Liang-ying Gan ◽  
Ciren Luobu ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Tibet Autonomous Region ◽  
Dialysis Vintage ◽  
Peking University ◽  
The Impact

Background: It is known that hypoxia influences many of the biologic processes involved in erythropoiesis; therefore, the high-altitude hypoxia may affect erythropoietin (EPO) responsiveness in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of altitude on EPO responsiveness in MHD patients. Methods: In this retrospective study, MHD patients from Tibet Autonomous Region People’s Hospital (3,650 m above sea level) and Peking University People’s Hospital (43.5 m above sea level) were recruited between May 2016 and December 2018. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to altitude. Variables including age, sex, dialysis vintage, dialysis modality, duration of EPO use, EPO doses, and laboratory tests were collected and analyzed. EPO responsiveness was measured in terms of the EPO resistance index (ERI). ERI was defined as the weekly weight-adjusted dose of EPO (IU/kg/week) divided by hemoglobin concentration (g/dL). The association between ERI and altitude was estimated using a multivariable linear regression model. Results: Sixty-two patients from Tibet Autonomous Region People’s Hospital (high-altitude [HA] group) and 102 patients from Peking University People’s Hospital (low-altitude [LA] group) were recruited. The ERI for HA group and LA group was 6.9 ± 5.1 IU w−1 kg−1 (g/dL)−1 and 11.5 ± 6.4 IU w−1 kg−1 (g/dL)−1, respectively. After adjusting for covariates by multivariable regression, altitude was independently associated with ERI (R2 = 0.245, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Altitude had an independent negative correlation with ERI. This result supported the hypothesis that altitude-associated hypoxia improved EPO responsiveness in MHD patients.

Project HALO: A Post-Market, Observational Registry of Data Derived from Serenity LiquidTM, Serenity GenomeTM, and Clinical Parameters (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Hagen ◽  
Danette Newton ◽  
Jonathan Richina ◽  
Petra Gambon Stow ◽  
Jonathan Douissard
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Data ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Data Repository ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Real World Setting ◽  
Post Market ◽  
Initial Dataset ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND Registries are a valuable tool for data collection and observation of medical innovations in a real-world setting. Serenity LiquidTM and Serenity GenomeTM are newly launched diagnostic platforms analyzing large genetic datasets in combination with clinical data to deliver precision preventative medicine. To this point, no systematic data is available to observe the use and clinical implementations of these platforms. OBJECTIVE To create a data repository collecting data from Serenity LiquidTM, Serenity GenomeTM, and clinical parameters for analyses. METHODS Individuals receiving Serenity LiquidTM or Serenity GenomeTM are solicited to participate in this registry. In addition to the initial dataset, a clinical update is secured every six months. Data from the registry participants are pseudo-anonymized and archived in a HIPPA-compliant research database for regular analyses. RESULTS Includes but is not limited to correlations between genetic and clinical data, the impact of genetic data on the clinical course of patients, comparisons between specific cohorts (within this database and against historical cohorts) on an ongoing basis. CONCLUSIONS This is a prospective registry collecting genetic and clinical data to gather important information, provide novel insights by continuously analyzing the data in this registry.

scholarly journals Altitude-wise analysis of co-occurrence networks of mitochondrial genome in Asian population

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul K Verma ◽  
Cristina Giuliani ◽  
Alena Kalyakuina ◽  
Ajay Deep Kachhvah ◽  
Mikhail Ivanchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Mt Dna ◽  
High Altitude Adaptation ◽  
Altitude Adaptation ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTFinding mechanisms behind high altitude adaptation in humans at the Tibetan plateau has been a subject of evolutionary research. Mitochondrial DNA (mt-DNA) variations have been established as one of the key players in understanding the biological mechanisms at the basis of adaptation to these extreme conditions. To explore cumulative effects and dynamics of the variations in mitochondrial genome at varying altitudes, we investigated human mt-DNA sequences from NCBI database at different altitudes by employing co-occurrence motifs framework. We constructed co-occurrence motifs by taking into account variable sites for each altitude group. Analysis of the co-occurrence motifs using similarity clustering revealed a clear distinction between a lower and a higher altitude region. In addition, the previously known high altitude markers 3394 and 7697 (which are definitive sites of haplogroup M9a1a1c1b) were found to co-occur within their own gene complexes indicating the impact of intra-genic constraint on co-evolution of nucleotides. Furthermore, an ancestral marker 10398 was found to co-occur only at higher altitudes supporting the fact that a separate root of colonization at these altitudes might have taken place. Overall, our analysis revealed the presence of co-occurrence motifs at a whole mitochondrial genome level. This study, combined with the classical haplogroups analysis is useful in understanding role of co-occurrence of mitochondrial variations in high altitude adaptation.

Effects of simulated high altitude on blood glucose levels during exercise in individuals with Type 1 Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cory W Dugan ◽  
Shane K Maloney ◽  
Kristina J Abramoff ◽  
Sohan S Panag ◽  
Elizabeth A Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Acute Hypoxia ◽  
Carbohydrate Oxidation ◽  
Normoxic Condition ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Simulated High Altitude ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Context Current exercise guidelines for individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) do not consider the impact that high altitude may have on blood glucose levels (BGL) during exercise. Objective To investigate the effect of acute hypoxia (simulated high altitude) on BGL and carbohydrate oxidation rates during moderate intensity exercise in individuals with T1D. Methods Using a counterbalanced, repeated measures study design, 7 individuals with T1D completed two exercise sessions; normoxia and hypoxia (~4,200m simulated altitude). Participants cycled for 60min on an ergometer at 45% of their sea-level V̇O2peak, and then recovered for 60min. Before, during and after exercise, blood samples were taken to measure glucose, lactate and insulin levels. Respiratory gases were collected to measure carbohydrate oxidation rates. Results Early during exercise (&lt;30min), there was no fall in BGL in either condition. After one hour of exercise and during recovery, BGL were significantly lower under the hypoxic condition compared to both pre-exercise levels (p=0.008) and the normoxic condition (p=0.027). Exercise in both conditions resulted in a significant rise in carbohydrate oxidation rates, which returned to baseline levels post-exercise. Before, during and after exercise, carbohydrate oxidation rates were higher under the hypoxic compared with the normoxic condition (p&lt;0.001). Conclusions The greater decline in BGL during and after exercise performed under acute hypoxia suggests that exercise during acute exposure to high altitude may increase the risk of hypoglycemia in individuals with T1D. Future guidelines may have to consider the impact altitude has on exercise-mediated hypoglycemia.

Source identification of aerosol chemical composition in the Atlas region of North Africa.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabil Deabji ◽  
Khanneh Wadinga Fomba ◽  
Eduardo José dos Santos Souza ◽  
Hartmut Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Saharan Dust ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Urban Site ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Research Station ◽  
African Region ◽  
Aerosol Composition ◽  
The Impact

&lt;p&gt;Aerosol particles are important constituents of the atmosphere due to their role in controlling climate-related processes. In addition, their impacts on air quality and human health make it essential to study. However, the characterization and the identification of natural and anthropogenic atmospheric particles can be challenging due to the complex mixture occurring during atmospheric transport. Background locations such as high-altitude sites provide valuable infrastructure for obtaining representative data for understanding various pathways for aerosol interactions useful in assessing atmospheric composition. However, information about aerosol characteristics at high-altitude in the African regions and their relation to urban aerosol composition is still not well understood. In the present study, PM&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt; and PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; particulate matter was characterized at two different sites in the North African region of Morocco. A background site located at the newly established AM5 research station in the Middle Atlas region at an altitude of 2100 m and an urban site situated in a polluted city, Fez. The goal was to determine chemical components, evaluate Saharan dust&amp;#8217;s role on the PM10 concentrations between the sites, and assess the impact of urban pollution on background aerosol composition. The results indicate that the background aerosol composition is influenced by both regional and trans-regional transport. Despite the site's proximity to the Sahara Desert, the deserts influence on the atmospheric composition was observed for only 22% of the time and this was mainly seasonal. Marine air masses were more dominant with a mixture of sea salt and polluted aerosol from the coastal regions especially during wintertime. Furthermore, high concentrations of mineral dust were observed during the daytime due to the resuspension of road dust. At the same time, an increase of PAHs and anthropogenic metals such as Pb, Ni, and Cu were found during the nighttime because of the boundary layer variation. The Fez's urban site is characterized by a high contribution of elemental carbon (6%) and organic biomass tracers (3%) such as Levoglucosane and 4-nitrophenol.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Impact of High-Altitude on Truck’s Climbing Speed: Case study in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Area in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Tian Lei ◽  
Jinliang Xu ◽  
Xingli Jia ◽  
Leyu Wei ◽  
Lin Tian
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Plateau Area ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
High Altitude Area ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Altitudes

Truck’s climbing performance is an important consideration in traffic safety, efficiency, and highway geometric design. With the infrastructure development in high-altitude area in China, more attention needs to be paid on truck’s climbing performance in such area. In this article, truck’s climbing speed in high-altitude area was examined through field tests on different grade sections at different altitudes. Truck’s speed-distance curves were built at different altitudes and the impact of altitude on truck’s climbing speed was explored based on the test results. It was shown that, within the altitude range of 3000~5000m, altitude had an obvious influence on test truck’s decelerating and accelerating performance. Truck’s speed decreased faster on steep grades and increased slower on gentle grades with the increase of the altitude. Also, the stable speed that test truck could maintain on a certain grade was lower at a higher altitude. In addition, test truck’s theoretical speed-distance curves at the sea level were estimated through truck’s dynamic model. Compared with the theoretical crawl speed, a negative effect of altitude change (from 0 to the altitude above 3000 m) was found on truck’s climbing performance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document