scholarly journals REE Geochemistry of Euphrates River, Turkey

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leyla Kalender ◽  
Gamze Aytimur
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eocene ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Tectonic Zone ◽  
Magmatic Complex ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Euphrates River ◽  
Lower Eocene ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
Geochemical Studies

The study area is located on the Euphrates River at 38°41°32.48′′N–38°14′24.10′′N latitude and 39°56′4.59′′E–39°8°13.41′′E longitude. The Euphrates is the longest river in Western Asia. The lithological units observed from the bottom to the top are Permo-Triassic Keban Metamorphites, Late Cretaceous Kömürhan Ophiolites, Upper Cretaceous Elazığ Magmatic Complex, Middle Eocene Maden Complex and Kırkgeçit Formation, Upper Pliocene and Lower Eocene Seske Formation and Upper Miocene, Pliocene Karabakır and Çaybağı Formations, Palu Formation, and Holocene Euphrates River sediments. The geochemical studies show that87Sr/86Sr and143Nd/144Nd isotopic compositions in the Euphrates River bank sediments are 0.7053, 0.7048, and 0.7057 and 0.512654, 0.512836, and 0.512775, respectively. These values indicate mixing of both carbonate-rich shallow marine sediment and felsic-mafic rocks from Elazığ Magmatic Complex into the stream sediments. The positiveεNd (0)values (0.35, 3.9, and 2.7) are higher downstream in the studied sediments due to weathering of the mafic volcanic rocks. The chondrite, NAS, and UCC normalized patterns show that the REE compositions of the Euphrates River sediments are higher than chondrite composition but close to NAS and UCC. The river sediments in the tectonic zone and the weathered granodioritic rocks of the Elazığ Magmatic complex affect upstream water compositions.

Palynological and organic geochemical studies of the middle Eocene Siju Formation of Garo Hills, Meghalaya, India

2022 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Raghumani Singh ◽  
Arka Rudra ◽  
Sh Priyokumar Singh ◽  
Suryendu Dutta ◽  
M Sapana Devi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Garo Hills ◽  
Geochemical Studies

scholarly journals Structural and Chemical Controllers of the North and Northwest of Torud Based on Involved Fluid Studies, Structural and Geochemical Analyses

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-349
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Baseri ◽  
Arash Gourabjeri Pour ◽  
Nima Nezafati
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Hydrothermal Solutions ◽  
Base Metals ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Scattered Space ◽  
The North ◽  
Geochemical Analyses ◽  
Geochemical Studies ◽  
Semnan Province

Chah Mura mining area in Semnan province is located 30 km southwest of Shahroud and 20 km north of Torud village with an area of 35 km2 and includes a part of 1:250,000 Torud plate. Structurally, this area is located in the northeastern part of Central Iran and in the center of the volcanic-intrusive arc of Torud-Chah Shirin. Rock units of the area are volcanic and pyroclastic, depending on the Eocene age. Exposed assemblages in the Chah Mura area, based on field and laboratory studies, can be divided into basalt, andesite, andesite-basalt, trachyandesite, trachyandesibasalt and small outcrops of pyroclastic units in the form of agglomerates and sediments of sandstone and conglomerate. Volcanic rocks are influenced by sub-volcanic masses younger than Eocene with an intermediate to basic composition, and their predominant textures are granular, porphyroid with microcrystalline to microintragranular background. Finally, the units are cut by dikes. In this area, mineralization is mainly in the control of sub-faults and subvolcanic massifs. Mineralization is in the form of vein-veinlet, filling empty and scattered space in the oxidation-supergen stage. Mineral sequences include pyrite, chalcopyrite, chalcocite, digenite and covellite, cuprite, tenorite, natural copper, malachite, azurite, and iron oxides and hydroxides. Geochemical studies indicate that copper does not correlate well with any of the base metals and depositing elements. Copper shows only a relative correlation with silver. Micrometric studies of fluid inclusions in samples from this area indicate dilution as a result of mixing hydrothermal solutions with atmospheric fluids in formation of this reserve.

scholarly journals Occurence of microplastics in the hyporheic zone of rivers

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Frei ◽  
S. Piehl ◽  
B. S. Gilfedder ◽  
M. G. J. Löder ◽  
J. Krutzke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Food Webs ◽  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Hyporheic Exchange ◽  
Pore Scale ◽  
River Bank

Abstract Although recent studies indicate that fluvial systems can be accumulation areas for microplastics (MPs), the common perception still treats rivers and streams primarily as pure transport vectors for MPs. In this study we investigate the occurrence of MPs in a yet unnoticed but essential compartment of fluvial ecosystems - the hyporheic zone (HZ). Larger MP particles (500–5,000 µm) were detected using attenuated total reflectance (ATR) - Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Our analysis of MPs (500–5,000 µm) in five freeze cores extracted for the Roter Main River sediments (Germany) showed that MPs were detectable down to a depth of 0.6 m below the streambed in low abundances (≪1 particle per kg dry weight). Additionally, one core was analyzed as an example for smaller MPs (20–500 µm) with focal plane array (FPA)- based µFTIR spectroscopy. Highest MP abundances (~30,000 particles per kg dry weight) were measured for pore scale particles (20–50 µm). The detected high abundances indicate that the HZ can be a significant accumulation area for pore scale MPs (20–50 µm), a size fraction that yet is not considered in literature. As the HZ is known as an important habitat for invertebrates representing the base of riverine food webs, aquatic food webs can potentially be threatened by the presence of MPs in the HZ. Hyporheic exchange is discussed as a potential mechanism leading to a transfer of pore scale MPs from surface flow into streambed sediments and as a potential vector for small MPs to enter the local aquifer. MPs in the HZ therefore may be a potential risk for drinking water supplies, particularly during drinking water production via river bank filtration.

Tectono-sedimentary evolution of a fore-chain domain : example of the Habt and Sidi Mrayt basins, northwestern external Moroccan Rif ; stratigraphic precisions and tectonic modelling

2004 ◽  
Vol 175 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelali Zakir ◽  
Ahmed Chalouan ◽  
Hugues Feinberg
Keyword(s):  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Middle Miocene ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Fault Propagation ◽  
Lower Eocene ◽  
Structural Trend ◽  
Sedimentary Evolution ◽  
Structural Relationships ◽  
Regional Tectonic ◽  
Ridge Structures

Abstract In this paper, a tecto-sedimentary evolution model of the northwestern external Rif zones (Morocco) is proposed. It is based on the study of structural relationships and the biostratigraphic and sedimentologic analysis of different Tertiary syn-tectonic units. This zone shows alternating foredeep basins and anticlinal ramps with a NNW-SSE structural trend and a vergence toward the WSW. The trend of turbiditic bodies and palaeocurrent directions (from the SSE to the NNW) are parallel to the regional tectonic strike. Sidi Mrayt and El Habt basins are filled with syn-tectonic middle Eocene to middle Miocene sediments; The Habt basin is subdivided in two sub-basins: Asilah-Larache and Rirha-Gzoula. The deposits are distributed in two separated turbiditic complex, each one including a stacking of turbiditic systems. The Rirha-Gzoula and Asilah-Larache sub-basins are located in front of two anticline ridge structures made up of Upper Cretaceous and Lower Eocene material; they are respectively Boujediane and Arbaa Ayacha anticlines. The distribution of turbiditic bodies, unconformities and structural relationships within the thrusts and folds system in the northwestern external Rif indicate the progression toward the external zones of fault-propagation folds and associated basins.

scholarly journals Mineralogy and genesis of the Ni–Co lateritic regolith deposit of the Çaldağ area (Manisa, western Anatolia), Turkey

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cahit Helvacı ◽  
Tolga Oyman ◽  
İbrahim Gündoğan ◽  
Hasan Sözbilir ◽  
Osman Parlak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Ultramafic Rocks ◽  
Western Anatolia ◽  
Fe Oxides ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Geochemical Analyses

The Çaldağ Ni–Co deposit is characterized by a reddish brown oxide lateritic regolith, containing residual Ni deposit formed by the intense tropical weathering of peridotites. Nickel–Co ore is associated with transported ferricrete during the late Paleocene – middle Eocene, represented by colloform Fe oxides and residual lateritization during the Oligocene. The lateritic regoliths are developed over dunitic ultramafic rocks and consist mainly of smectite, berthierine, kaolinite, gypsum, pyrite, takovite, and pecoraite. These units were examined using polarized-light microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and geochemical methods. Mineralogical zonation from the base of the profile upwards has the following zones: ultramafic bedrocks, serpentinized ultramafic rocks (saprock), saprolite, carbonate- and sulfide-bearing zone, ferruginous saprolite zone, and silcrete. In addition, Fe oxides, smectite and opal-CT, and quartz increase towards the surface, whereas olivine, pyroxene, and serpentine decrease upwards in response to chemical weathering. Nickel–Co mineralization associated with Fe oxides and smectitic clays formed under wet and dry conditions, respectively, as a result of an increased Fe2O3 + Al2O3 + Ni + Co/MgO ratio. Field observations and mineralogical and geochemical analyses reveal that the smectite formed under basic conditions was controlled by multistage chemical weathering of ultramafic and volcanic rocks and by the concentrations of Si, Al, Fe, and Mg. Locally, concentrations of S in conjunction with Fe and Ca resulted in precipitation of goethite–hematite, gypsum, and pyrite in dissolution voids in association with smectite under acidic conditions that developed in a well-drained system.

Geochemical and scintillometric characterization and correlation of amethyst geode-bearing Paraná lavas from the Quaraí and Los Catalanes districts, Brazil and Uruguay

2010 ◽  
Vol 147 (6) ◽  
pp. 954-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
LÉO A. HARTMANN ◽  
WILSON WILDNER ◽  
LAUREN C. DUARTE ◽  
SANDRO K. DUARTE ◽  
JULIANA PERTILLE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
Strong Variation ◽  
Stratigraphic Sequence ◽  
Stratigraphic Framework ◽  
World Class ◽  
Geochemical Studies ◽  
Bottom To Top ◽  
Aa Lava

AbstractGeochemical studies of the six lowermost lava flows of the Cretaceous Serra Geral Formation (Paraná volcanic province) in Quaraí (Brazil) and Artigas (Uruguay) were combined with flow-by-flow field studies of structures and scintillometric profiles to establish a consistent regional stratigraphic framework over at least 100 km. This greatly improves exploration capability for amethyst and agate geodes. A basalt, colada Mata Olho (Alegrete facies, Serra Geral Formation), was the first lava to flow over the ancient Botucatu desert in the region, but an andesite, colada Catalán, overstepped this basalt in many places, perhaps palaeohighs. Four basaltic andesites complete the lava stratigraphy in this formation, adding up to 300 m of lavas. The stratigraphic sequence of contrasting lava compositions is 51.0 wt% SiO2 in the first lava, followed by 57.5, 52.5, 56.0, 53.0 and finally 54.5 wt% SiO2. Overall MgO variation is between 2 and 7 wt%. All lavas in the two districts are low-Ti (<2.0 wt% TiO2) of the Gramado type. The characteristic contents of most major and trace elements (124 rock samples analysed) allow the ready identification of each lava. Contrasting rock chemistry also results in strong variation in scintillometric values (270 points measured in the field and nineteen continuous borehole profiles); from bottom to top of the stratigraphy, the cps values are 49±3.2, 123±10.3, 62±4.7, 94±4.6, ~45 and ~85. Colada Catalán has the structure of aa lava, particularly the contorted igneous banding and autobreccias in the upper and lower crusts. In some places, a 2 m thick, silicified sandstone layer lies on top of some coladas, and silicified sandstone forms breccias with volcanic rocks. Geochemistry of the six lavas indicates complex evolution, involving melting of lithospheric mantle, injection into the crust and assimilation of crust followed by fractional crystallization. This study indicates the possibility of world-class deposits of amethyst geodes on the Brazilian side of the border with Uruguay.

Petrology and geochemistry of the Kamloops Group volcanics, British Columbia

1981 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 1478-1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Ewing
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Fractional Crystallization ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
South Central ◽  
High K ◽  
Petrology And Geochemistry

The Kamloops Group is an alkali-rich calc-alkaline volcanic suite of Early to Middle Eocene age, widespread in south-central British Columbia. Rock types in the suite range from high-K basalt through andesite to rhyolite. The suite is characterized by relatively high K2O, Sr, and Ba, but low Zr, Ti, and Ni concentrations, only moderate Ce enrichment, and little or no Fe enrichment. Initial ratios 87Sr/86Sr are about 0.7040 in the western half, and about 0.7060 in the eastern half of the study area. No difference in chemistry or mineralogy marks this sharp transition. Chemically similar suites include the Absaroka–Gallatin suite in Wyoming and the lower San Juan (Summer Coon) suite in Colorado. The content of K2O at 60% SiO2 increases regularly eastward across southern British Columbia. The chemical data support the subduction-related continental arc origin of the Kamloops Group volcanics.The volcanic rocks consist in the main of augite–pigeonite andesites ranging from 52 to 62% silica, with subordinate quantities of olivine–augite–pigeonite basalt and biotite rhyodacite and rhyolite. The andesites and basalts were derived by a combination of low-pressure fractional crystallization, higher pressure fractional crystallization, and variable parental magmas, whereas low-pressure fractional crystallization of plagioclase, biotite, and apatite from parental basalt and andesite produced the rhyolites. The parental magmas were basalts and basaltic andesites with high K, Sr, and Ba. The primary source of these magmas is inferred to have been an alkali-enriched hydrous peridotite with neither plagioclase nor garnet present in the residuum.

scholarly journals An Eocene brontothere and tillodonts (Mammalia) from British Columbia, and their paleoenvironments

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 981-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaelyn J. Eberle ◽  
David R. Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Forested Landscapes ◽  
Radiometric Ages ◽  
Age Range

We describe Eocene fossils of the tillodont Trogosus from the Allenby Formation in Princeton, British Columbia (B.C.), as well as teeth of Brontotheriina from the lower Australian Creek Formation near Quesnel, B.C. These fossils represent the only occurrence of Tillodontia and Brontotheriidae in B.C. Further, the presence of the largest species of Trogosus — T. latidens — as well as a smaller species identified only as Trogosus sp. supports a late early – early middle Eocene (Bridgerian) age for the Vermilion Bluffs Shale of the Allenby Formation. Based on their morphology and large size, the teeth referred here to Brontotheriina represent one of the larger, more derived brontothere genera, and suggest a Uintan–Chadronian (middle–late Eocene) age range for the lower Australian Creek Formation that is consistent with radiometric ages of underlying volcanic rocks. Paleobotanical data from sediments correlative to those that produced these Eocene mammal fossils suggest they inhabited forested landscapes interspersed with swamps and open water environments, under mild and wet temperate climates (mean annual temperature (MAT) ∼10–16 °C; cold month mean temperature (CMMT) −4–4 °C; mean annual precipitation (MAP) >100 cm/year). These mixed conifer–broadleaf forests included tree genera typical of modern eastern North American forests (e.g., Tsuga, Acer, Fagus, and Sassafras), together with genera today restricted to east Asia (e.g., Metasequoia, Cercidiphyllum, Dipteronia, and Pterocarya). The paleobotanical evidence is consistent with the hypothesized habitats of both tillodonts and brontotheres.

scholarly journals KANDUNGAN MINERAL DI PERAIRAN BINUANGEUN, LEBAK-BANTEN

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Udaya Kamiludin ◽  
Udaya Kamiludin
Keyword(s):  
River Sediments ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Coarse Silt ◽  
Sand Beach ◽  
Offshore Area ◽  
Rock Fragments ◽  
Shell Fragments

Data dan informasi sumberdaya mineral terkait dengan batuan penyusunnya di daerah pantai dan lepas pantai masih terbatas. Untuk keberadaan sumberdaya mineral ini maka dilakukan identifikasi kandungan mineral dalam sedimen sebagai objek penelitian guna mengetahui jenis, persentase, distribusi dan perkiraan sumber batuannya. Metode penelitan meliputi pengambilan sampel sedimen, pemisahan konsentrat dulang, analisis mineragrafi butir, dan petrografi batuan. Ragam mineral di dalam endapan sedimennya terdiri dari kuarsa, magnetit, amfibol, ilmenit, felspar, glaukonit, apatit, piroksen, limonit, zirkon, fragmen batuan dan pecahan cangkang. Fraksi mineral yang dominan adalah fraksi pasir sangat halus dan lanau kasar. Secara lateral distribusi kuarsa, felspar dan piroksen relatif membesar ke arah endapan sedimen gisik pasir, tanggul gisik dan sedimen sungai dengan persentase tertinggi, masing-masing mencapai 49 %, 21 % dan 13 %. Sedangkan distribusi limonit dan zirkon membesar ke arah endapan sedimen gisik pasir dengan persentase tertinggi, masing-masing mencapai 5 % dan 2 %. Persentase tertinggi magnetit 17 %, ilmenit 23 %, apatit 3 %, fragmen batuan 51% dan pecahan cangkang 90 % umumnya terdapat dalam endapan sedimen permukaan dasar laut. Keterdapatan mineral utama dan tambahan ini diduga bersumber dari Batuan Gunungapi andesiti-basaltik, dan Formasi Batuan Sedimen berbahan volkanik. Sedangkan klastika biogeniknya bersumber dari batugamping terumbu. Hasil analisis petrogafi menunjukan bahwa fragmen batuannya memiliki kesesuaian dengan penyusun litologinya. Kata Kunci : Kandungan mineral, distribusi mineral, sumber batuan, Perairan Binuangeun. Data and information mineral resources related to rock forming mineral on shore and offshore area is still limited. For the existence of mineral resources is then to identify the content of the sediment as the object study in order to determine the type, percentage, distribution and estimation of rocks origin. The method includes sedimentary sampler, pan concentrates separation, grain mineragraphy analysis, and petrography rock. The mineral in the sediment consist of quartz, magnetite, amphibole, ilmenite, feldspar, glauconite, apatite, pyroxene, limonite, zircon, rock fragments and shell fragments. The minerals fractions are dominant in very fine sand and coarse silt. Laterally, the distribution of quartz, feldspar and pyroxene relatively increasing towards sand beach, berm and river sediments with the highest percentage, respectively reach 49 %, 21 % and 13 %. While, distribution of limonite and zircon are increasing toward sand beach with the highest percentage, respectively 5 % and 2 %. The highest percentage of magnetite (17 %), ilmenite (23 %), apatite (3 %), and rock fragments (51 %) and shell fragments of surfacially sediments (90 %). The occurrence of these main and accessory minerals is thought to be originated from andesitic-basaltic volcanic rocks and from volcanoclastic sediments whereas bioclastic sediments are from reefs limestone. The petrography analysis shows that their rock fragments are compatible with their rocks forming minerals. Keywords: The minerals content, mineral distribution, source rocks, and Binuangeun Waters.

scholarly journals Geometric morphometrics of endophytic oviposition traces of Odonata (Eocene, Argentina)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 201126
Author(s):  
Eugenia Romero-Lebrón ◽  
Raquel M. Gleiser ◽  
Julián F. Petrulevičius
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Evolutionary Constraint ◽  
Mixed Linear Models ◽  
Lower Eocene ◽  
Rio Negro ◽  
Endophytic Oviposition ◽  
The Individual ◽  
First Time

The insertion of the Odonata ovipositor in the plant tissue generates a scar that surrounds the eggs (trace). In insects, individual egg traces are known to vary in size, but their variation in individual shape is mostly unknown. Twenty-four specimens were obtained from the Laguna del Hunco (Lower Eocene, Chubut) and Río Pichileufú (Middle Eocene, Río Negro), Argentina, which had 1346 oviposition traces (MEF Collection). For the first time, a study of the shape and size of a large number of individual Odonata endophytic egg traces was carried out using traditional (general and mixed linear models) and geometric morphometrics (Fourier elliptical series) to elucidate whether there are changes in size or shape of the individual endophytic egg traces associated with the substrate used at the time of oviposition, if the Lower Eocene traces have varied in relation to those of the Middle Eocene, and if the ichnological classification ( Paleoovoidus arcuatus , P. bifurcatus and P. rectus ) reflects such variations. We found differences in size ( p < 0.05), but not in shape, in relation to the variables studied. This could reflect that the shape of Odonata eggs (inferred from the traces), unlike their size, could have a strong evolutionary constraint already observed since the Eocene.

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