scholarly journals Celecoxib Adjunctive Treatment to Antipsychotics in Schizophrenia: A Review of Randomized Clinical Add-On Trials

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Marini ◽  
Domenico De Berardis ◽  
Federica Vellante ◽  
Rita Santacroce ◽  
Laura Orsolini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Adjunctive Treatment ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Electronic Search ◽  
Psychopathology Of Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a severe, chronic and debilitating mental disorder. Past literature has reported various hypotheses about the psychopathology of schizophrenia. Recently, a growing literature has been trying to explain the role of inflammation in the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia. In the past, numerous immune modulation and anti-inflammatory treatment options have been proposed for schizophrenia, but sometimes the results were inconsistent. Electronic search was carried out in November 2015. PubMed and Scopus databases have been used to find studies to introduce in this review. Only randomized-placebo-controlled add-on trials were taken into account. In this way, six articles were obtained for the discussion. Celecoxib showed beneficial effects mostly in early stages of schizophrenia. In chronic schizophrenia, the data are controversial, possibly in part for methodological reasons.

Cabozantinib plus immunotherapy combinations in metastatic renal cell and urothelial carcinoma

2021 ◽  
pp. 00-00
Author(s):  
Luis Meza ◽  
Jasnoor Malhotra ◽  
Crystal Favorito ◽  
Sumanta K Pal
Keyword(s):  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Progressive Disease ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Novel Approaches

Treatment options for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) and metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) have increased dramatically over the past decade. However, even when novel approaches have proven to be effective as monotherapy, many patients still develop progressive disease, and different strategies are needed to increase clinical response and quality of life. Strategies combining targeted therapy (TT) and immunotherapy (IO) have emerged as a way to shorten the gap between responders and nonresponders to monotherapy and have reported promising results. In this review, we discuss the current role of cabozantinib in combination with IO agents in the treatment of metastatic RCC and UC and go over future directions in the field.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and Functional Diversities of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Autoimmune Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huijuan Ma ◽  
Chang-Qing Xia
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Suppressor Cells ◽  
Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
The Past ◽  
Animal Tumor ◽  
Promote Tumor Development

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are identified as a heterogeneous population of cells with the function to suppress innate as well as adaptive immune responses. The initial studies of MDSCs were primarily focused on the field of animal tumor models or cancer patients. In cancer, MDSCs play the deleterious role to inhibit tumor immunity and to promote tumor development. Over the past few years, an increasing number of studies have investigated the role of MDSCs in autoimmune diseases. The beneficial effects of MDSCs in autoimmunity have been reported by some studies, and thus, immunosuppressive MDSCs may be a novel therapeutic target in autoimmune diseases. There are some controversial findings as well. Many questions such as the activation, differentiation, and suppressive functions of MDSCs and their roles in autoimmune diseases remain unclear. In this review, we have discussed the current understanding of MDSCs in autoimmune diseases.

scholarly journals Role of Multidisciplinary Care in the Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kia Byrd ◽  
Saleh Alqahtani ◽  
Adam C. Yopp ◽  
Amit G. Singal
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Multidisciplinary Care ◽  
Multimodal Approach ◽  
Poor Survival ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Potential Structure

AbstractDespite advances in treatment options for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 5-year survival for HCC remains below 20%. This poor survival is multifactorial but is partly related to underuse of curative treatment in clinical practice. In light of growing treatment options, delivered by different types of providers, optimal management requires input from multiple specialties. A multidisciplinary approach has been evolving over the past couple of decades, bringing different specialists together to develop a therapeutic plan to treat and manage HCC, which significantly increases timely guideline-concordant treatment and improves overall survival. The present review attempts to highlight the need for such a multimodal approach by providing insights on its potential structure and impact on the various aspects of HCC management.

scholarly journals The Pathophysiology of Antiphospholipid Syndrome

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Ruiz Sada ◽  
Hannah Cohen ◽  
David Isenberg
Keyword(s):  
Antiphospholipid Syndrome ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Pathogenic Mechanisms ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Glycoprotein I ◽  
New Treatment

Advances in our knowledge of the pathogenic mechanisms of antiphospholipid syndrome have been achieved in the past few years. Apart from the well-known role of anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibodies, complement, endocrine and genetic factors and a variety of other molecules are now under investigation. These new approaches should lead to novel explanations and potential new treatment options.

scholarly journals Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma: How Many Drugs Are Enough?

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (11.5) ◽  
pp. 1347-1350
Author(s):  
Shaji K. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Stem Cell Transplant ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Autologous Stem Cell Transplant ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
Disease Response ◽  
The Past ◽  
Drug Induction

The treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) has evolved over the past decade, yet it remains a chronic disease. Several trials of 4-drug induction regimens have resulted in deepening of disease response. With the emergence of multidrug regimens, questions have arisen regarding the role of autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) in MM therapy and available treatment options after ASCT. Clinicians have also continued to improve the efficacy of maintenance therapies. In transplant-ineligible patients, the phases of treatment are less distinct; however, several regimens have demonstrated efficacy in this clinical setting. Future research should focus on individualizing treatment approaches.

Reading the Archives as Sources

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Power Relations ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
International Agencies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Electronic Search ◽  
National Archives ◽  
Archival Documentation ◽  
Changing Role

Archives used in Africanist historical research include those of the colonial state, postcolonial national archives, missionary archives, personal papers, political party archives, and the archives of corporations and international agencies involved in African affairs. Africanists historians generally accept that these archives are not transparent renditions of the past; they represent and even reproduce power relations related to colonialism and its legacies. Nonetheless, careful readings have enabled Africanist historians to understand the structural order and logic these archives (the archival grain), and thus demonstrate colonial (or other) power relations implicated in the collections. Reading archives against the grain can also reveal alternative voices and agents, however. Even as discussions of archival methodologies have been limited, archives have remained crucial sources for key trends in Africanist historical writing, including the representation of colonial hegemonies as well as African voice and agency. To advance such readings, Africanist historians develop post-positivist readings of archives that appreciate silences, dissonances, and conflicts within archives and documentation. Through a process of archival fieldwork, including a careful combing of archives, reading of files, and transcribing of select documents, historians have become adept at appreciating the grain of archives and reading the archive against this grain. The digitization of archives and digital research methods, including electronic search engines, full-text searches, online archives, and digital photography, challenge aspects of traditional archival fieldwork, holding benefits and potential setbacks for the critical appreciation of archival documentation. These challenges have sharpened with the changing role of physical documentation along with an increase in smaller archives that enable serendipitous and hodgepodge archival investigations.

Optimising Stroke Outcomes through Evidence-Based Nursing Practice: An Australian Perspective

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-235
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Jones ◽  
Simon Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Optimal Outcomes ◽  
European Stroke Initiative ◽  
Evidence Based Nursing

Stroke is the third leading cause of death of people in the world today and the highest cause of disability and handicap, producing a huge burden on individuals and society more broadly. Yet unlike its counterpart acute myocardial infarction (AMI), little has been done to promote early intervention in evolving strokes. Recommendations from the American Heart Association and more recently the European Stroke Initiative are available; however, in Australia (as with many other countries) practice guidelines are scarce and clinicians largely operate in an ad hoc manner with little awareness of ‘best practice’. The controversial role of thrombolysis with limitations in respect to selecting appropriate patients, in addition to a small window of opportunity for therapeutic beneficial effects and a high risk for haemorrhage, has inhibited its widespread application. As such, emergent stroke management clearly lags behind that of AMI–both with respect to the range of treatment options and the application of best practice. This paper reviews the literature regarding best practice management of evolving stroke and the crucial role of nurses in triaging and managing patients to deliver optimal outcomes within the Australian context.

scholarly journals JAK/STAT signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. HEP18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Jit Hin Tang ◽  
Dexter Kai Hao Thng ◽  
Jhin Jieh Lim ◽  
Tan Boon Toh
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Immune Surveillance ◽  
Downstream Target ◽  
The Past ◽  
Liver Cancers ◽  
Stat Signaling

Liver cancer is the second most lethal cancer in the world with limited treatment options. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which accounts for more than 80% of all liver cancers, has had increasing global incidence over the past few years. There is an urgent need for novel and better therapeutic intervention for HCC patients. The JAK/STAT signaling pathway plays a multitude of important biological functions in both normal and malignant cells. In a subset of HCC, JAK/STAT signaling is aberrantly activated, leading to dysregulation of downstream target genes that controls survival, angiogenesis, stemness, immune surveillance, invasion and metastasis. In this review, we will focus on the role of JAK/STAT signaling in HCC and discuss the current clinical status of several JAK/STAT inhibitors.

scholarly journals Role of Phytochemicals in Perturbation of Redox Homeostasis in Cancer

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Shreyas Gaikwad ◽  
Sanjay K. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Cellular Death ◽  
External Stimulation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Oncogenic Pathways ◽  
Ros Homeostasis

Over the past few decades, research on reactive oxygen species (ROS) has revealed their critical role in the initiation and progression of cancer by virtue of various transcription factors. At certain threshold values, ROS act as signaling molecules leading to activation of oncogenic pathways. However, if perturbated beyond the threshold values, ROS act in an anti-tumor manner leading to cellular death. ROS mediate cellular death through various programmed cell death (PCD) approaches such as apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, etc. Thus, external stimulation of ROS beyond a threshold is considered a promising therapeutic strategy. Phytochemicals have been widely regarded as favorable therapeutic options in many diseased conditions. Over the past few decades, mechanistic studies on phytochemicals have revealed their effect on ROS homeostasis in cancer. Considering their favorable side effect profile, phytochemicals remain attractive treatment options in cancer. Herein, we review some of the most recent studies performed using phytochemicals and, we further delve into the mechanism of action enacted by individual phytochemicals for PCD in cancer.

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