scholarly journals Multivariate Analysis of Confined Groundwater Hydrochemistry of a Long-Exploited Sedimentary Basin in Northwest China

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuedi Zhang ◽  
Hui Qian ◽  
Hao Wu ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
Liang Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Mineral Dissolution ◽  
Confined Aquifer ◽  
Confined Water ◽  
Phreatic Water ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Groundwater Hydrochemistry ◽  
Depression Cone

A series of environmental and geological problems have been caused by overexploitation of confined aquifers (i.e., deep groundwater) in the Yinchuan region, northwest China. Accordingly, the characteristics of confined water were analyzed and collected from 33 sampling wells in spring of 2011, to determine the factors that influenced the composition and evolution of confined water, using principal component analysis (PCA), correlation analysis, groundwater evolution, and mineral dissolution/precipitation analysis. PCA showed that the hydrochemistry of confined water is controlled mainly by the dissolution of minerals, mixing between the confined aquifer and polluted phreatic water, and effects of ion exchange in the study area. The following management actions recommended were essential, in order to enable the sustainable exploitation of confined water: (1) gradually decreasing the amount of groundwater pumped from confined aquifer in the central part of the depression cone, (2) upgrading the quality of phreatic water, and (3) increasing artificial recharge of the groundwater system by flood waters in the Helan leaning pluvial plain.

Hydrochemical characteristics and processes for salinity sources of the shallow groundwater along the coast of northern Jiangsu, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guohua Hou ◽  
Maosheng Gao ◽  
Xianzhang Dang
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Marine Geology ◽  
Confined Water ◽  
Phreatic Water ◽  
Groundwater Hydrochemistry ◽  
Mail Address

<p><strong>Abstract：</strong>In order to find out the hydrochemistry and salinization of shallow groundwater in coastal aquifers, 76 ground- and surface-water samples, contained phreatic upper water, phreatic water, confined water, river water and seawater were collected for major ion and isotope analysis(<sup>2</sup>H/<sup>18</sup>O, <sup>14</sup>C). The results show that: (1) The phreatic upper groundwater changes along the general flowpath towards the coast from fresh(TDS <1 g/L), brackish (1–3 g/L) to saline (3–50 g/L). The phreatic water and first confined water are basically unchanged, but mainly saline water. (2) Shallow groundwater is mainly derived from atmospheric precipitation and undergoes significant evaporation processes. The phreatic upper groundwater is mainly derived from modern atmospheric precipitation recharge. The phreatic water and first confined water are mainly derived from precipitation replenishment during the warm period of the Holocene and some relict seawater. (3) The processes for salinity sources of the shallow groundwater are that oceanic evaporative salt formed during the transgression and retreat period since the late Pleistocene was dissolved by atmospheric precipitation and river water for many periods. The salt in phreatic upper water of the estuary area is also derived from modern seawater intrusion.</p><p><strong>Key words:</strong> coastal zone; groundwater; hydrochemistry; hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope; salinization</p><p>_____________</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Corresponding author. Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geologic Survey, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.</strong></p><p><strong>E-mail address: [email protected].</strong></p><p><strong>This study was financially supported by the National Natural</strong><strong> </strong><strong>Science Foundation of China (41977173)</strong><strong>, </strong><strong>China Geology</strong><strong> </strong><strong>Survey</strong><strong> </strong><strong>project</strong><strong>(</strong><strong>DD20189503</strong><strong>) and National key research and development projects(2016YFC0402801)</strong></p>

scholarly journals Statistical analysis of hydrochemistry and isotopic characterization of groundwater from the Parecis Basin

RBRH ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia Regina Stradioto ◽  
Elias Hideo Teramoto ◽  
Hung Kiang Chang
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Abstract Knowledge ◽  
Rock Water Interaction ◽  
Groundwater Hydrochemistry ◽  
Sewage Contamination ◽  
Isotopic Characterization

ABSTRACT Knowledge of mechanism controlling the hydrochemistry of groundwater are crucial requirement to understand the hydrochemical evolution and evaluate the water quality of subsurficial water resources. Thus, to understand the process governing the hydrochemistry variability and flow dynamics of the Parecis and Ronuro Aquifers, the use of statistical analysis and isotopic characterization were combined. In the correlation matrix it was found that the highest correlation coefficient was observed for HCO3-, Ca2+, Mg2+, Sr2+, SO42-, and F-, which suggested that these parameters are derived from the same source, most likely from rock–water interactions. Additionally, we noticed moderate to high correlation among NO3-, Cl-, Na+, K+, and Ba2+, which collectively are indicative of domestic sewage contamination. Finally, a principal component analysis (PCA) identified that the most variance in hydrochemistry from the evaluated samples was controlled by HCO3-, Ca2+ and Mg2+, which is associated with rock–water interaction. Regarding the 18O and 2H isotope values, it could be observed that the aquifer recharges were of meteoric origin and that the Ronuro Aquifer samples were more enriched than the PAS samples. This work reinforces the capability of multivariate statistics to discern the main process that controls the variability of groundwater hydrochemistry.

Assessing the Quality of Management of Transformation Processes in Economic Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 952-956
Author(s):  
M. V. Malyshkina ◽  
M. V. Miroslavskaya
Keyword(s):  
Systems Approach ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Organizational Transformation ◽  
Quality Criterion ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Transformation Processes

Aim. The presented study aims to develop the methodology for assessing the quality of management of organizational transformation processes. Tasks. To achieve the set aim, the authors solve the following problems: determine the essence and content of socio-economic transformation, formulate quality assurance principles for the management of transformation processes, draw attention to the problem of selecting a unified quality criterion for the management of organizational transformation processes. Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition, including analysis and synthesis. It also applies a systems approach to identify the major problems of assessing the quality of management of transformation processes, including the problem of selecting a unified quality criterion for the management of transformation processes and formulating the principles of ensuring the quality of management of transformation processes. Results. The global problem of managing transformation processes in the economic system consists in the complexity of the managed processes, which increases due to the multidimensionality, mutual influence, and the resulting uncertainty of interactions between the elements of the system. It is concluded that the methodology for assessing the quality of management of transformation processes is based on the principle of integrating separate measures to improve the quality of management of system elements into a single system of management actions and the principle of ensuring that management actions are primarily aimed at preventing possible negative consequences of the transformation of economic systems, i.e. reducing the potential impact of unfavorable events and their consequences. To assess the effectiveness of targeted management actions and productive actions aimed at organizing, controlling, and guiding the transformation process, the authors actualize the problem of selecting an adequate quality criterion for the management of transformation processes in economic systems and put forward a hypothesis about a possible unified criterion of management quality. Conclusions. The principle of integrating separate measures to improve the quality of management of system elements and the principle of ensuring that management actions are aimed at preventing possible negative consequences lie at the core of the methodology for assessing the quality of management of transformation processes in economic systems. The quality assessment methodology should be developed in the direction of finding a unified quality criterion for managing transformation processes in economic systems.

Multivariate micropollutants analysis in marine waters

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 341-348
Author(s):  
V. Librando ◽  
G. Magazzù ◽  
A. Puglisi
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Data Analysis ◽  
Partial Least Squares Regression ◽  
Environmental Chemistry ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Organic Micropollutants ◽  
Suspended Material ◽  
The Difference

The monitoring of water quality today provides a great quantity of data consisting of the values of the parameters measured as a function of time. In the marine environment, and especially in the suspended material, increasing importance is being given to the presence of organic micropollutants, particularly since some are known to be carcinogenic. As the number of measured parameters increases examining the data and their consequent interpretation becomes more difficult. To overcome such difficulties, numerous chemometric techniques have been introduced in environmental chemistry, such as Multivariate Data Analysis (MVDA), Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR). The use of the first technique in this work has been applied to the interpretation of the quality of Augusta bay, by measuring the concentration of numerous organic micropollutants, together with the classical water pollution parameters, in different sites and at different times. The MVDA has highlighted the difference between various sampling sites whose data were initially thought to be similar. Furthermore, it has allowed a choice of more significant parameters for future monitoring and more suitable sampling site locations.

scholarly journals Exploratory Monitoring of the Quality and Authenticity of Commercial Honey in Ecuador

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Salvador ◽  
Michelle Guijarro ◽  
Daniela Rubio ◽  
Bolívar Aucatoma ◽  
Tanya Guillén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Conductivity Measurement ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Critical Problem ◽  
Spectroscopic Analyses ◽  
Chemical Threats ◽  
Raman And Ir Spectroscopy

Honey is one of the oldest sweetening foods and has economic importance, making this product attractive to adulteration with cheap sugars. This can cause a critical problem in the honey industry and a possible health risk. The present work has the aim of evaluating the authenticity of honey commercialized in two different provinces of Ecuador (Pichincha and Loja) by performing physicochemical and spectroscopic analyses. For this study 25 samples were collected from different places and markets and characterized by water, sucrose, reducing sugars and electric conductivity measurement. Also, their Raman and Infrared (IR) spectra were recorded and analysed using a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in order to verify the quality of the honeys. In addition, a screening of several pesticides was performed in order to verify possible chemical threats to human health and honey bees. It was found that 8 samples have a deviation from the Standard established parameters. Two of them have a high difference in the content of sucrose and reducing sugars, which are located deviated from all the other samples in the PCA of the applied vibrational spectroscopy (IR/Raman), shaping two clear clusters. The results show that Raman and IR spectroscopy is appropriate techniques for the quality control of honey and correlates well with the physicochemical analyses.

scholarly journals Sounding out falsified medicines from genuine medicines using Broadband Acoustic Resonance Dissolution Spectroscopy (BARDS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anas Alfarsi ◽  
Céline Caillet ◽  
Garry Fawbert ◽  
Simon Lawrence ◽  
Jacob Krüse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Acoustic Resonance ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Acoustic Signatures ◽  
Falsified Medicines ◽  
Acoustic Phenomenon ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe trade in falsified medicine has increased significantly and it is estimated that global falsified sales have reached $100 billion in 2020. The EU Falsified Medicines Directive states that falsified medicines do not only reach patients through illegal routes but also via the legal supply chain. Falsified medicines can contain harmful ingredients. They can also contain too little or too much active ingredient or no active ingredient at all. BARDS (Broadband Acoustic Resonance Dissolution Spectroscopy) harnesses an acoustic phenomenon associated with the dissolution of a sample (tablet or powder). The resulting acoustic spectrum is unique and intrinsic to the sample and can be used as an identifier or signature profile. BARDS was evaluated in this study to determine whether a product is falsified or genuine in a rapid manner and at lower cost than many existing technologies. A range of genuine and falsified medicines, including falsified antimalarial tablets from south-east Asia, were tested, and compared to their counterpart genuine products. Significant differences between genuine and falsified doses were found in their acoustic signatures as they disintegrate and dissolve. Principal component analysis was employed to differentiate between the genuine and falsified medicines. This demonstrates that the tablets and capsules included here have intrinsic acoustic signatures which could be used to screen the quality of medicines.

scholarly journals A Methodology Based on FT-IR Data Combined with Random Forest Model to Generate Spectralprints for the Characterization of High-Quality Vinegars

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1411
Author(s):  
José Luis P. Calle ◽  
Marta Ferreiro-González ◽  
Ana Ruiz-Rodríguez ◽  
Gerardo F. Barbero ◽  
José Á. Álvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Protected Designation Of Origin ◽  
Ft Ir

Sherry wine vinegar is a Spanish gourmet product under Protected Designation of Origin (PDO). Before a vinegar can be labeled as Sherry vinegar, the product must meet certain requirements as established by its PDO, which, in this case, means that it has been produced following the traditional solera and criadera ageing system. The quality of the vinegar is determined by many factors such as the raw material, the acetification process or the aging system. For this reason, mainly producers, but also consumers, would benefit from the employment of effective analytical tools that allow precisely determining the origin and quality of vinegar. In the present study, a total of 48 Sherry vinegar samples manufactured from three different starting wines (Palomino Fino, Moscatel, and Pedro Ximénez wine) were analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The spectroscopic data were combined with unsupervised exploratory techniques such as hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA), as well as other nonparametric supervised techniques, namely, support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF), for the characterization of the samples. The HCA and PCA results present a clear grouping trend of the vinegar samples according to their raw materials. SVM in combination with leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) successfully classified 100% of the samples, according to the type of wine used for their production. The RF method allowed selecting the most important variables to develop the characteristic fingerprint (“spectralprint”) of the vinegar samples according to their starting wine. Furthermore, the RF model reached 100% accuracy for both LOOCV and out-of-bag (OOB) sets.

scholarly journals Relationship between Antioxidant Components and Oxidative Stability of Peanut Oils as Affected by Roasting Temperatures

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
Jhih-Ying Ciou ◽  
Hsin-Chun Chen ◽  
Chih-Wei Chen ◽  
Kai-Min Yang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Tocopherol Content ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Natural Logarithm ◽  
Phytosterol Content ◽  
Rancimat Method ◽  
Nutritional Benefits

The study sought to investigate the effect of roasting temperatures on antioxidant components and oxidative stability of peanut oils. The total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, α–tocopherol content, and phytosterol content in peanut oils was influenced by roasting at temperatures of 120 °C, 140 °C, and 160 °C, while those roasting temperatures had no effect on the fatty acid profile and γ–tocopherol content of peanut oils. Roasting promotes the quality of peanut oil aroma via the Maillard reaction, particularly when it is derived from N–heterocyclic compounds (such as pyrazine and pyrrole). The oxidative stability of peanut oils was investigated using the Rancimat method, and the results show that there is a linear relationship between roasting and natural logarithm of the induction period (R2: 0.959~0.998). This was determined based on the Arrhenius equation, which indicated the activation energy (Ea) was in the range of 82.08~108.61 kJ/mol. In principal component analysis (PCA) analysis, the antioxidant stability of the increase levels of phenols released in the peanut oils was found to rise with the increment of roasting temperatures. The data obtained in this study should be confirmed as the nutritional benefits of peanut oils that will be most appealing to consumers.

scholarly journals Large-Scale Precipitation Variability over Northwest China Inferred from Tree Rings

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (13) ◽  
pp. 3457-3468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyan Fang ◽  
Xiaohua Gou ◽  
Fahu Chen ◽  
Edward Cook ◽  
Jinbao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Contour Method ◽  
Precipitation Reconstruction ◽  
Nw China ◽  
Climate Station ◽  
Instrumental Records

Abstract A preliminary study of a point-by-point spatial precipitation reconstruction for northwestern (NW) China is explored, based on a tree-ring network of 132 chronologies. Precipitation variations during the past ~200–400 yr (the common reconstruction period is from 1802 to 1990) are reconstructed for 26 stations in NW China from a nationwide 160-station dataset. The authors introduce a “search spatial correlation contour” method to locate candidate tree-ring predictors for the reconstruction data of a given climate station. Calibration and verification results indicate that most precipitation reconstruction models are acceptable, except for a few reconstructions (stations Hetian, Hami, Jiuquan, and Wuwei) with degraded quality. Additionally, the authors compare four spatial precipitation factors in the instrumental records and reconstructions derived from a rotated principal component analysis (RPCA). The northern and southern Xinjiang factors from the instrumental and reconstructed data agree well with each other. However, differences in spatial patterns between the instrumentation and reconstruction data are also found for the other two factors, which probably result from the relatively poor quality of a few stations. Major drought events documented in previous studies—for example, from the 1920s through the 1930s for the eastern part of NW China—are reconstructed in this study.

scholarly journals Photo-selective shade nets on the production and quality of sugarcane plantlets

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 366-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
José J. F. Cordeiro Júnior ◽  
Héliton Pandorfi ◽  
José A. D. Barbosa Filho ◽  
Alex S. Moraes ◽  
Luiz A. de Almeida Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Substrate Temperature ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT Brazil is the world’s largest producer of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) and research aimed at propagation has promoted higher quality in production. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the variation of micrometeorological elements on the survival and quality of pre-sprouted sugarcane plantlets. The study was carried out in a protected environment (UFRPE). Plantlets of the cultivar RB92579 were obtained by the technique of production of pre-sprouted plantlets. The protected environments were divided into four modules covered with low-density polyethylene plastic + photo-selective shade nets and one module without shade net. Micrometeorological data of global and photosynthetically active solar radiation, air temperature, substrate temperature, relative humidity and the solar radiation spectrum were recorded in each module. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design and the principal component analysis was used to verify the association between the cultivation modules, micrometeorological variables and crop variables. Anti-UV low-density polyethylene plastic + freshnet led to lower transmittance of global solar radiation, higher percentage of photosynthetically active radiation and lower plantlet mortality. Substrate temperature above 30.2 °C resulted in higher plantlet mortality. Larger spectrum in the red range led to the production of better quality plantlet. The use of freshnet shade net promoted adequate conditions for the cultivation of sugarcane plantlets and allows obtaining better quality plantlets.

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