Hydrochemical characteristics and processes for salinity sources of the shallow groundwater along the coast of northern Jiangsu, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guohua Hou ◽  
Maosheng Gao ◽  
Xianzhang Dang
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Marine Geology ◽  
Confined Water ◽  
Phreatic Water ◽  
Groundwater Hydrochemistry ◽  
Mail Address

<p><strong>Abstract：</strong>In order to find out the hydrochemistry and salinization of shallow groundwater in coastal aquifers, 76 ground- and surface-water samples, contained phreatic upper water, phreatic water, confined water, river water and seawater were collected for major ion and isotope analysis(<sup>2</sup>H/<sup>18</sup>O, <sup>14</sup>C). The results show that: (1) The phreatic upper groundwater changes along the general flowpath towards the coast from fresh(TDS <1 g/L), brackish (1–3 g/L) to saline (3–50 g/L). The phreatic water and first confined water are basically unchanged, but mainly saline water. (2) Shallow groundwater is mainly derived from atmospheric precipitation and undergoes significant evaporation processes. The phreatic upper groundwater is mainly derived from modern atmospheric precipitation recharge. The phreatic water and first confined water are mainly derived from precipitation replenishment during the warm period of the Holocene and some relict seawater. (3) The processes for salinity sources of the shallow groundwater are that oceanic evaporative salt formed during the transgression and retreat period since the late Pleistocene was dissolved by atmospheric precipitation and river water for many periods. The salt in phreatic upper water of the estuary area is also derived from modern seawater intrusion.</p><p><strong>Key words:</strong> coastal zone; groundwater; hydrochemistry; hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope; salinization</p><p>_____________</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Corresponding author. Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geologic Survey, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.</strong></p><p><strong>E-mail address: [email protected].</strong></p><p><strong>This study was financially supported by the National Natural</strong><strong> </strong><strong>Science Foundation of China (41977173)</strong><strong>, </strong><strong>China Geology</strong><strong> </strong><strong>Survey</strong><strong> </strong><strong>project</strong><strong>(</strong><strong>DD20189503</strong><strong>) and National key research and development projects(2016YFC0402801)</strong></p>

scholarly journals Multivariate Analysis of Confined Groundwater Hydrochemistry of a Long-Exploited Sedimentary Basin in Northwest China

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuedi Zhang ◽  
Hui Qian ◽  
Hao Wu ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
Liang Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Mineral Dissolution ◽  
Confined Aquifer ◽  
Confined Water ◽  
Phreatic Water ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Groundwater Hydrochemistry ◽  
Depression Cone

A series of environmental and geological problems have been caused by overexploitation of confined aquifers (i.e., deep groundwater) in the Yinchuan region, northwest China. Accordingly, the characteristics of confined water were analyzed and collected from 33 sampling wells in spring of 2011, to determine the factors that influenced the composition and evolution of confined water, using principal component analysis (PCA), correlation analysis, groundwater evolution, and mineral dissolution/precipitation analysis. PCA showed that the hydrochemistry of confined water is controlled mainly by the dissolution of minerals, mixing between the confined aquifer and polluted phreatic water, and effects of ion exchange in the study area. The following management actions recommended were essential, in order to enable the sustainable exploitation of confined water: (1) gradually decreasing the amount of groundwater pumped from confined aquifer in the central part of the depression cone, (2) upgrading the quality of phreatic water, and (3) increasing artificial recharge of the groundwater system by flood waters in the Helan leaning pluvial plain.

An Investigation of the Quantity, Quality and Sources of Groundwater Seepage into the St. Clair River near Sarnia, Ontario, Canada

1986 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Sklash ◽  
Sharon Mason ◽  
Suzanne Scott ◽  
Chris Pugsley
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
River Water ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Seepage Rate ◽  
Groundwater Seepage ◽  
Seepage Meters ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Hydraulic Gradients ◽  
Unidentified Source

Abstract We used seepage meters and minipiezometers to survey a 100 m by 7 km band of streambed of the St. Clair River near Sarnia, Ontario, Canada, to determine the quantity, quality, and sources of groundwater seepage into the river. The average observed seepage rate, 1.4 x 10−8 m3/s/m2, suggests higher than expected hydraulic conductivities and/or hydraulic gradients in the streambed. We found detectable levels of some organic contaminants in streambed groundwater samples from 1.0 and 1.5 m depths, however , concentrations did not exceed drinking water guidelines. Our isotopic and electrical conductivity data indicate that: (l) the streambed groundwater is not just river water, (2) groundwater from the “freshwater aquifer” at the base of the overburden Is not a significant component of the streambed groundwater, (3) some of the streambed groundwater is partially derived from a shallow groundwater flow system, and (4) an unidentified source of water with low tritium, river water-like δ18O, and very high electrical conductivity, contributes to the streambed groundwater.

scholarly journals Environmental Isotope of Radon-222 for Ciliwung River and Shallow Deep Water Interaction Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Evarista Ristin Pujiindiyati ◽  
Bungkus Pratikno
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
River Bank ◽  
222Rn Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Groundwater Infiltration

Aquifer in river bank area is mostly susceptive toward pollution occurring in river. One of parameters to determine the interaction process between groundwater and river is a natural isotope of 222Rn. The significant difference of radon concentration in groundwater and river water can be utilized as a scientific basis for investigating groundwater infiltration in river bank. Those studied parameters are residence time and infiltration rate. The research using 222Rn had been conducted in shallow groundwater of Ciliwung river bank - South Jakarta during rainy and dry season. The range of 222Rn concentration in shallow groundwater monitored in dry season was between 666 - 2590 Bq/m3 which was higher than that of rainy season ranging at 440 to 1546 Bq/m3. Otherwise, concentration of 222Rn in river water could not be detected (its 222Rn concentration = 0 Bq/m3) due to its much lower concentration either rainy or dry season. During dry season monitoring, equilibration between groundwater and river water was reached at the distance approximately 98 - 140 m away from river side. Estimating residence time based on 222Rn concentration at nearest site from the river and at equlibration area was 4.2 days such that the infiltration rate from river water into aquifer might be 7.8 m/day.Keywords: 222Rn, groundwater, residence time, infiltration rate.

scholarly journals Chemical Characteristics and Quality Assessment of Groundwater of Exploited Aquifers in Beijiao Water Source of Yinchuan, China: A Case Study for Drinking, Irrigation, and Industrial Purposes

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wu ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
Hui Qian ◽  
Xuedi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Simple Algorithm ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Confined Water ◽  
Phreatic Water

This work is aimed at reviewing the chemical characteristics and evaluation of the quality of exploited groundwater in Beijiao water source of Yinchuan. A coupled model based on osculating value method (OVM) and entropy is proposed to determine the suitability for drinking. Besides, phreatic water and confined water are evaluated for irrigation purposes and industrial purposes, respectively. Piper diagram shows different hydrochemical characteristics between aquifers, which can be explained by the control mechanisms revealed by Gibbs diagram. Chloroalkaline indices and ions relationship indicate that reverse ion exchanges occur in different aquifers. Based on the osculating values, 96% of the phreatic water samples are fit for human consumption, and the confined water can provide quality drinking water. Most of the phreatic water samples have no sodium hazard but have magnesium hazard. All the confined water samples generate mild foaming reaction, and 93% of them are mildly corrosive for boilers. An assessment by OVM without entropy is calculated. Similar results to the coupled model demonstrate that pure OVM is also objective and valid. The simple algorithm turns multicriteria decision-making problems into an integrated index which is just as useful to water quality assessment.

Stable isotope geochemistry of Oxygen and Hydrogen: A case study of the Satluj River Basin, India  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhtar Jahan ◽  
Mohd Usman Khan ◽  
Nachiketa Rai ◽  
Abhayanand Singh Maurya ◽  
Sudhir Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Isotopic Analyses ◽  
The Mean

<p>Stable isotope analysis of hydrogen and oxygen is one of the important methods used to model the hydrological cycle. Oxygen and hydrogen isotopic investigation of river water, its tributaries, and groundwater of its catchment from the Satluj basin was undertaken to estimate the contributions of the main sources comprising discharge during major periods throughout a hydrologic year.</p><p>Estimation of the snow/glaciers melt contribution is also very important for tracing the sources and processes regulating the flow from the provenance and reservoirs in the context of global warming, for estimating flood flow, and for other water resource development activities in large parts of the Indian subcontinent. Water samples were collected during the non-monsoon season at increasing altitudes. In this work, in addition to stable isotopes, we also assessed the water quality using various physicochemical parameters and geochemistry of the water.</p><p>From isotopic analyses of river water samples, the mean value of the δ<sup>18</sup>O was found to be ~ -13‰, and the mean value of δD was found to be~ -85‰. For the samples from Satluj tributaries, the mean value of the δ<sup>18</sup>O was ~ -11‰, and the mean value of δD was ~ -69‰. A mean value of -8.4‰, was found based on the δ<sup>18</sup>O measurements of the groundwater samples, while the average δD value was found to be ~ -55‰.</p><p>For the mainstream and tributary, LWL, y = 8.2604x +20.208, and range of d-excess (>10‰) and y = 8.2079x + 22.182 and d-excess > 10‰ indicates a system recharged by sources of recycled moisture derived from continental sources in addition to monsoonal climates. For the groundwater data, the slope is 6.7, and d-excess ranges from 7‰ to 17‰. These observations are suggestive of the monsoonal source of Indian Ocean precipitation that has experienced significant evaporation during the non-monsoon season.</p><p>Our new data clearly shows that the surface water whether mainstream, tributary, and groundwater isotopes are homogenized from regional trends in precipitation, modified by evaporation, and are thus greatly influenced by latitude, elevation, and patterns of climate.</p><p> </p>

Application of chemometric analysis for identifying pollution sources: a case study on the River Adyar, India

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Venugopal ◽  
L. Giridharan ◽  
M. Jayaprakash
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
River Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
River Adyar

The various factors responsible for the chemical budget and pollution of river water have been evaluated and characterised using various statistical tools. The potential sources of pollution that alter the chemical composition of River Adyar water have been identified and quantified. Thirty-three samples were collected from the River Adyar and basic chemical parameters and heavy metals were interpreted by the systematic application of statistical techniques. The relationships among the various ions were examined and the sources of origin were evaluated using correlation studies. An R-mode factor analysis revealed that the chemistry of the river water largely depends on anthropogenic activities, rock–water interaction and saline water intrusion. A cluster analysis was applied and the major and minor clusters for pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons were classified. This classification was found to be in line with the results of the R-mode factor analysis. Seasonal variation in the chemistry and pollution level of the river water was clearly indicated by both cluster and factor analyses. Factor scores, which give vital information on the variation of the factors by station, were successfully applied. The contributing factors and any seasonal effect on the stations were evaluated and interpreted.

scholarly journals Hydrochemical Changes and Influencing Factors in the Dongkemadi Region, Tanggula Range, China

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1856
Author(s):  
Tianding Han ◽  
Yuping Li ◽  
Jia Qin ◽  
Xiangying Li ◽  
Qin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Geochemical Model

In order to detect the source and controlling factors of hydrochemical ions in glacier meltwater-recharged rivers, the chemical characteristics of the river water, precipitation, and meltwater of the Dongkemadi River Basin, China, in 2014 (from May to October) were systematically analyzed, and combined with the hydrological and meteorological data. The results show that the hydrochemical pattern of the typical river was HCO3−-Ca2+. The most cations were Ca2+ and Mg2+, and the predominant anions were HCO3− and SO42−, in the river. The concentration of major ions and total dissolved solids (TDS) in the river water were much larger than that in the precipitation and meltwater. The TDS concentration was ordered: River water > precipitation > meltwater. The water-rock interaction and the dilution effect of the precipitation and meltwater on the runoff ions resulted in a negative correlation between the ion concentration of the river water and the river flow. The chemical ions of the river runoff mainly originated from rock weathering and the erosion (abrasion) caused by glacier movement. In addition, the contributions of different sources to the dissolved components of the Dongkemadi River were ordered: Carbonate (75.8%) > silicate (15.5%) > hydatogenic rock (5.7%) > atmospheric precipitation (3%), calculated by a forward geochemical model. And the hydrochemical weathering rates of carbonate and silicate minerals were 12.30 t·km−2·a−1 and 1.98 t·km−2·a−1, respectively. The CO2 fluxes, consumed by the chemical weathering of carbonate and silicate, were 3.28 × 105 mol·km−2·a−1 and 0.91 × 105 mol·km−2·a−1, respectively.

scholarly journals Strontium isotope geochemistry of alluvial groundwater: a tracer for groundwater resources characterisation

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 959-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Négrel ◽  
E. Petelet-Giraud ◽  
D. Widory
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Isotopic Ratio ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Alluvial Aquifer ◽  
Strontium Isotope ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Massif Central ◽  
Alluvial Aquifers

Abstract. This study presents strontium isotope and major ion data of shallow groundwater and river water from the Ile du Chambon catchment, located on the Allier river in the Massif Central (France). There are large variations in the major-element contents in the surface- and groundwater. Plotting of Na vs. Cl contents and Ca, Mg, NO3, K, SO4, HCO3, Sr concentrations reflect water–rock interaction (carbonate dissolution for Ca, Mg, HCO3 and Sr because the bedrock contains marly limestones), agricultural input (farming and fertilising) and sewage effluents (for NO3, K, SO4), although some water samples are unpolluted. Sr contents and isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr vary from 0.70892 to 0.71180 along the hydrological cycle) in the groundwater agree with previous work on groundwater in alluvial aquifers in the Loire catchment. The data plot along three directions in a 87Sr/86Sr v. 1/Sr diagram as a result of mixing, involving at least three geochemical signatures–Allier river water, and two distinct signatures that might be related to different water-rock interactions in the catchment. Mixing proportions are calculated and discussed. The alluvial aquifer of the Ile du Chambon catchment is considered, within the Sr isotope systematic, in a larger scheme that includes several alluvial aquifers of the Loire Allier catchment. Keywords: : Loire river, major and trace elements, Sr isotopic ratio, alluvial aquifer, hydrology

Iodine and arsenic redox species in oxygen-deficient estuarine waters

1985 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
ECV Butler ◽  
JD Smith
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
River Water ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Anoxic Sediment ◽  
Redox Species ◽  
Anoxic Conditions ◽  
Estuarine Waters ◽  
Redox Poise ◽  
Yarra River

The distribution of the redox species of iodine and arsenic in two isolated pools of seawater underlying river water in deep holes in the estuary of the Yarra River is described. In the river water, the dominant species are iodide and As(V). In the saline water of these holes, there are levels of iodine and arsenic greater than are present in the original seawater. The subhalocline waters contained <0.22 ml 1-1 of dissolved oxygen, and the redox poise was intermediate between oxic and anoxic conditions. Most of the iodate originally in the seawater was reduced to iodide, but As111) and As(V) coexisted. Iodine and arsenic appear to have entered the water from the anoxic sediment.

Hydrogeochemical characteristics and water quality assessment of shallow groundwater: a case study from Linhuan coal-mining district in northern Anhui Province, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1572-1578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huili Qiu ◽  
Herong Gui ◽  
Lin Cui ◽  
Zhenggao Pan ◽  
Biao Lu
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Anhui Province ◽  
Mining District ◽  
Major Ion ◽  
Groundwater Samples

Abstract Major ion and trace element concentrations in shallow groundwater of Linhuan coal-mining district, Northern Anhui Province, China, were analyzed to determine its hydrogeochemical characteristics and to assess drinking and irrigation water quality. The relative abundance of cations and anions was Na+ &gt; Mg2+ &gt; Ca2+ &gt; K+, and HCO3− &gt; SO42− &gt; Cl− &gt; NO3−, respectively. The concentrations of Na+, HCO3−, NO3−, and total dissolved solids (TDS), and the electric conductivity (EC) values in some samples were higher than the permissible limits of the Water Health Organization (WHO). Gibbs diagrams showed that rock weathering mainly controlled the major ion chemistry of the groundwater, and the first aquifer of this study area had a weak hydraulic connection with atmospheric precipitation. The calculated sodium percentage (%Na) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) revealed that the slight sodium and high salinity hazards needed to be controlled before irrigation. According to the fuzzy comprehensive assessment, the groundwater samples were classified into four categories. The results showed that 92.86% of the groundwater samples were suitable for drinking use. For human health, the NO3− and Mn levels in the groundwater should be reduced before drinking, and treatment of the high salinity hazards is required before irrigation.

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