Antioxidant Effects of Sheep Whey Protein on Endothelial Cells

Excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may cause endothelial dysfunction and consequently vascular disease. In the present study, the possible protective effects of sheep whey protein (SWP) from tert-butyl hydroperoxide- (tBHP-) induced oxidative stress in endothelial cells (EA.hy926) were assessed using oxidative stress biomarkers. These oxidative stress biomarkers were glutathione (GSH) and ROS levels determined by flow cytometry. Moreover, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonyls (CARB), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) were determined spectrophotometrically. The results showed that SWP at 0.78, 1.56, 3.12, and 6.24 mg of protein mL−1increased GSH up to 141%, while it decreased GSSG to 46.7%, ROS to 58.5%, TBARS to 52.5%, and CARB to 49.0%. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated for the first time that SWP protected endothelial cells from oxidative stress. Thus, SWP may be used for developing food supplements or biofunctional foods to attenuate vascular disturbances associated with oxidative stress.

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Exploration of the optimal strategy for dietary calcium intervention against the toxicity of liver and kidney induced by cadmium in mice: An in vivo diet intervention study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0250885 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. e0250885

Author(s):

Zhaofang Chen ◽

Kexin Shi ◽

Wenjie Kuang ◽

Lei Huang

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Essential Element ◽

Control Group ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽

Diet Intervention ◽

Stress Biomarkers ◽

Exposure Pathway ◽

Group 2

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic non-essential element, while calcium (Ca) is an essential element with high chemical similarity to Cd. Dietary intake is the major Cd exposure pathway for non-smokers. A multi-concentration dietary intervention experiment was designed to explore the optimum concentration of Ca in diet with obvious protective effects against the toxicity of livers and kidneys induced by Cd in mice. The mice were divided into six groups with different concentrations of Cd and Ca in their food: control-group (no Cd or Ca), Ca-group (100 g/kg Ca, without Cd), Cd-group (2 mg/kg Cd, without Ca), CaL+Cd-group (2 mg/kg Cd, 2 g/kg Ca), CaM+Cd-group (2 mg/kg Cd, 20 g/kg Ca) and CaH+Cd-group (2 mg/kg Cd, 100 g/kg Ca). The organ indexes, oxidative stress biomarkers, lesions and Cd concentrations were detected after a 30-day exposure period. Results showed that serum Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) level in CaH+Cd-group was significantly lower than that in Cd-group, while close to that in control-group. The contents of Serum Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) in different groups showed the same trend. Concentrations of all oxidative stress biomarkers (GSH-Px, SOD, CAT, GSH and MDA) in CaH+Cd-group were close to the normal levels of control-group while significantly different from those in Cd-group. The only exception was the Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in kidneys. This study suggests that Ca plays a protective role in relieving the Cd-induced toxicity of livers and kidneys and a concentration of 100 g/kg for Ca in diet showed the best protective effects. These findings could provide a clue for further studies concerning human diet intervention for Cd control.

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Effects of chromium supplementation on oxidative Stress biomarkers

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000706 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Mohammad Reza Amini ◽

Fatemeh Sheikhhossein ◽

Farhang Djafari ◽

Alireza Jafari ◽

Kurosh Djafarian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Randomized Clinical Trials ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Total Antioxidant Status ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Protein Carbonyl ◽

Chromium Picolinate ◽

Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽

Stress Biomarkers ◽

Total Antioxidant

Abstract. Aim: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of chromium supplementation on oxidative stress biomarkers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant status (TAS), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), catalase (CAT), nitric oxide (NO), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and protein carbonyl. Methods: Relevant studies, published from inception until July 2019, were searched through PubMed/Medline, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar. All randomized clinical trials investigating the effect of chromium supplementation on oxidative stress were included. Results: Out of 252 citations, 10 trials that enrolled 595 subjects were included. Chromium supplementation resulted in a significant increase in GSH (WMD: 64.79 mg/dl, 95% CI: 22.43 to 107.15; P=0.003) but no significant change in MDA, TAS, TBARS levels, SOD, CAT levels and GPX. Chromium picolinate supplementation resulted in a significant increase in TAC while failing to have a significant effect on NO. Moreover, both chromium picolinate and chromium dinicocysteinate supplementation reduced protein carbonyl levels. Conclusion: Overall, this meta-analysis demonstrated that chromium supplementation increased GSH without any significant changes in the mean of GPX, MDA, TAS, TBARS, CAT and SOD.

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Ginsenoside-Rg1 Protects the Liver against Exhaustive Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rats

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2012/932165 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Mallikarjuna Korivi ◽

Chien-Wen Hou ◽

Chih-Yang Huang ◽

Shin-Da Lee ◽

Ming-Fen Hsu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Oxidative Damage ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Exhaustive Exercise ◽

Protein Carbonyls ◽

Regular Exercise ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance ◽

Ginsenoside Rg1 ◽

Exercise Induced ◽

First Time

Despite regular exercise benefits, acute exhaustive exercise elicits oxidative damage in liver. The present study determined the hepatoprotective properties of ginsenoside-Rg1 against exhaustive exercise-induced oxidative stress in rats. Forty rats were assigned into vehicle and ginsenoside-Rg1 groups (0.1 mg/kg bodyweight). After 10-week treatment, ten rats from each group performed exhaustive swimming. Estimated oxidative damage markers, including thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) (67%) and protein carbonyls (56%), were significantly (P<0.01) elevated after exhaustive exercise but alleviated in ginsenoside-Rg1 pretreated rats. Furthermore, exhaustive exercise drastically decreased glutathione (GSH) content (∼79%) with concurrent decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities. However, these changes were attenuated in Rg1 group. Additionally, increased xanthine oxidase (XO) activity and nitric oxide (NO) levels after exercise were also inhibited by Rg1 pretreatment. For the first time, our findings provide strong evidence that ginsenoside-Rg1 can protect the liver against exhaustive exercise-induced oxidative damage.

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Oxidative stress biomarkers and acetylcholinesterase activity in human erythrocytes exposed to clomazone (in vitro)

Interdisciplinary Toxicology ◽

10.2478/v10102-011-0023-9 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 149-153 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Adriana Santi ◽

Charlene Menezes ◽

Marta Duarte ◽

Jossiele Leitemperger ◽

Thais Lópes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽

Human Erythrocytes ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽

Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Stress Biomarkers

Oxidative stress biomarkers and acetylcholinesterase activity in human erythrocytes exposed to clomazone (in vitro)The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of clomazone herbicide on oxidative stress biomarkers and acetylcholinesterase activity in human erythrocytes inin vitroconditions. The activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), as well as the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were measured in human erythrocytes exposed (in vitro) to clomazone at varying concentrations in the range of 0, 100, 250 and 500 μg/L for 1 h at 37°C. TBARS levels were significantly higher in erythrocytes incubated with clomazone at 100, 250 and 500 μg/L. However, erythrocyte CAT and AChE activities were decreased at all concentrations tested. SOD activity was increased only at 100 μg/L of clomazone. GSH levels did not change with clomazone exposure. These results clearly showed clomazone to induce oxidative stress and AChE inhibition in human erythrocytes (in vitro). We, thus, suggest a possible role of ROS on toxicity mechanism induced by clomazone in humans.

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Protective Effects of Orlistat on Lipid Profile, Cardiac Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Histology in High-fat Diet-induced Obese Rats

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia ◽

10.31436/imjm.v18i2.101 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Othman ZA ◽

Wan ghazali WS ◽

Noordin L ◽

Omar N ◽

Mohd. Yusof NA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Male Rats ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

High Fat ◽

Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽

Stress Biomarkers ◽

Obesity Index ◽

Obese Rats

Introduction: Orlistat is a widely used drug in treating obesity as it promotes weight reduction. The aim of this study was to determine the protective effects of orlistat (10 mg/kg/day) on cardiovascular parameters and oxidative stress biomarkers in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats. Methods: Twenty-four male rats Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups and fed with normal diet (N), HFD and HFD with orlistat (HFD+O). Orlistat was administered daily by oral gavage and after six weeks, all rats were sacrificed. Results: Administration of orlistat along with HFD (HFD+O) has brought significant decreases in Lee obesity index and LDL level compared to HFD group. Activities of cardiac superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) were significantly higher, whereas level of oxidised LDL was significantly lower in HFD+O group compared to HFD group. HFD group had significantly higher necrotic patch area in myocardium while minimal histological changes were seen in HFD+O group. Conclusion: This study may suggest that administration of orlistat at 10 mg/kg/day for 6 weeks may have protective effects against the changes on Lee obesity index, lipid profiles, cardiac oxidative stress biomarkers and histology of myocardium in HFD-induced obese rats possibly through its hypolipidaemic and antioxidant actions.

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Enhancement of Antioxidant Mechanisms and Reduction of Oxidative Stress in Chickens after the Administration of Drinking Water Enriched with Polyphenolic Powder from Olive Mill Waste Waters

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2017/8273160 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Aliki Papadopoulou ◽

Konstantinos Petrotos ◽

Dimitrios Stagos ◽

Konstantinos Gerasopoulos ◽

Antonios Maimaris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Catalase Activity ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Protein Carbonyls ◽

Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Antioxidant Mechanisms ◽

Olive Mill

The aim of the study was to examine the effects of a polyphenolic powder from olive mill wastewater (OMWW) administered through drinking water, on chickens’ redox status. Thus, 75 chickens were divided into three groups. Group A was given just drinking water, while groups B and C were given drinking water containing 20 and 50 μg/ml of polyphenols, respectively, for 45 days. The antioxidant effects of the polyphenolic powder were assessed by measuring oxidative stress biomarkers in blood after 25 and 45 days of treatment. These markers were total antioxidant capacity (TAC), protein carbonyls (CARB), thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) in plasma, and glutathione (GSH) and catalase activity in erythrocytes. The results showed that CARB and TBARS were decreased significantly in groups B and C, and SOD decreased in group B compared to that in group A. TAC was increased significantly in group C and GSH was increased in group B, while catalase activity was increased in groups B and C compared to that in group A. In conclusion, this is the first study showing that supplementation of chickens with polyphenols from OMWW through drinking water enhanced their antioxidant mechanisms and reduced oxidative stress-induced damage.

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Oxidative Stress Response in Normal and Antioxidant Supplemented Rats to a Downhill Run: Changes in Blood and Skeletal Muscles

Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1139/h05-148 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 30 (6) ◽

pp. 677-689 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Tongjian You ◽

Allan H. Goldfarb ◽

Richard J. Bloomer ◽

Linh Nguyen ◽

Xin Sha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Skeletal Muscles ◽

Male Rats ◽

Protein Carbonyls ◽

Oxidized Glutathione ◽

Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽

Stress Biomarkers ◽

Glutathione Status ◽

Vastus Intermedius ◽

Fast Twitch

The purpose of this study was to determine if changes in oxidative stress biomarkers in blood and skeletal muscles are similar in normal and antioxidant supplemented rats after a downhill run. Sixty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with a normal rat diet or diet + antioxidants (2,000 mg vitamin C + 1,000 IU vitamin E/kg diet) for 2 weeks. Exercised rats ran 90 min on a rodent treadmill at a speed of 16 m/min at-16°grade. Rats were sacrificed either at rest, immediately, 2 hrs, or 48 hrs postexercise. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) concentrations and glutathione status in blood, vastus lateralis (white fast-twitch), vastus intermedius (red fast-twitch), and soleus (slow-twitch) muscles were determined. A significant increase from rest in PC occurred in plasma, vastus intermedius and soleus muscle 2 hrs after the downhill run (p < 0.05), with no changes observed at any other times postexercise. Antioxidant supplementation significantly decreased PC concentrations in both vastus intermedius and soleus muscles at all times combined (p < 0.05). MDA and glutathione status in blood and muscles were unaffected by either the downhill run or antioxidant treatment. For PC and MDA, the concentrations were lower in blood as compared to skeletal muscle, with the opposite finding for oxidized glutathione; however, the pattern of response postexercise was similar. These data indicate that (a) PC, but not MDA or oxidized glutathione, is elevated transiently following downhill running in male rats; (b) the elevation in PC postexercise occurs in plasma, vastus intermedius, and soleus muscles; (c) antioxidant therapy can attenuate PC in vastus intermedius, and soleus muscles; and (d) while the concentrations of oxidative stress biomarkers differ between blood and the various skeletal muscles, the pattern of response postexercise is similar. Key words: protein carbonyls, lipid peroxidation, eccentric exercise

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Association of Lipids with Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Subclinical Hypothyroidism

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2012/856359 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Adriana Santi ◽

Marta M. M. F. Duarte ◽

Charlene C. de Menezes ◽

Vania Lucia Loro

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Control Group ◽

Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽

Stress Biomarkers ◽

Sh Group

Objective. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the oxidative stress biomarkers in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (n=20) and health controls (n=20).Subjects and Methods. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARSs), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and arylesterase (ARE) were analyzed.Results. TC, LDL-C, TBARS, and CAT were higher in subclinical hypothyroidism patients, whereas SOD did not change. Arylesterase activity was significantly lower in the SH group, compared with the control group. Correlation analyses revealed the association of lipids (TC and LDL-C) with both oxidative stress biomarkers and thyrotropin (TSH). Thyroid hormones were correlated only with triglyceride levels. In addition, TSH was significantly correlated with TBARS, CAT, and SOD. However, no significant correlations were observed after controlling TC levels.Conclusions. We found that SH patients are under increased oxidative stress manifested by reduced ARE activity and elevated lipoperoxidation and CAT activity. Secondary hypercholesterolemia to thyroid dysfunction and not hypothyroidismper seappears to be associated with oxidative stress in subclinical hypothyroidism.

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