scholarly journals Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Nanostructured Materials of Titanium Dioxide Doped with Silver and/or Copper and Their Effects onArabidopsis thaliana

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Garcidueñas-Piña ◽  
Iliana E. Medina-Ramírez ◽  
Plinio Guzmán ◽  
Roberto Rico-Martínez ◽  
José Francisco Morales-Domínguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Nanostructured Materials ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Biochemical Effects ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficiency ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Germination And Growth

Nanostructured materials (NSMs) of silver (Ag@TiO2) and copper (TiO2-Cu2+) doped titanium dioxide were synthesized, fully characterized, and evaluated for their antimicrobial efficiency and effects onArabidopsis thaliana. The NSMs were prepared using an environmentally benign route. The physicochemical properties of the materials were determined with analytical techniques. These materials are active under visible light, exhibit a small size (10–12 nm), are crystalline (anatase), and liberate metal ions (Ag+and Cu2+) in solution. Microbicide activity was observed inE. coliC600 andS. cerevisiaeW303 strains treated with several concentrations of Ag@TiO2and TiO2-Cu2+, radiated and nonradiated, and after different times. Higher inactivation was achieved with Ag@TiO2inE. coli, with value of log inactivation of 2.2 with 0.5 mg/mL after 4 h, than inS. cerevisiae, with a log inactivation of 2.6 with 10 mg/mL after 24 h. The impact of these NSMs in plants was evaluated inArabidopsis thalianaCol-0 strain exposed to such materials at different conditions and concentrations, and physical and biochemical effects were analyzed. Seeds exposed to NSMs did not show effects on germination and growth. However, seedlings treated with these materials modified their growth and their total chlorophyll content.

scholarly journals Effect of nanoparticles on Escherichia coli growth dynamics

2019 ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
Laith B Alhusseini
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Impact

Background: Nanoparticles (iron oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles) are another kind of critical materials that are produced for use in various research and different purposes. The bacteriology field being so critical seek to the intrinsic understanding on the effect of nanoparticles on bacterial growth and functions. Our investigation was planned to detect the impact of iron oxide (Fe3O4), titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles on growth of Escherichia coli (Iraqi isolate). Methods: Fifty urine samples of patients, who are suffering Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) in Iraqi hospitals, were collected. Our study was included three parts: the 1st part was isolated and diagnosed the bacteria that cause the urinary tract infection, the 2nd part was sensitivity to antibiotics, and the 3rd has used the nanomaterials and study their impacts on the growth of E. col isolates. Result: The results showed that 30 E. coli isolates depending on the properties of biochemical and molecular detect. Five common types of antibiotics were examined for the treatment of infections of the urinary tract. Most E. coli were resistant to antibiotics, the ratios of ampicillin, amikacin and augmentin found to be 90%, 82% and 80% respectively. It concluded that bacteria were sensitive to imipenem and meropenem of about 50 %. So, the effect of iron oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles were studied for the growth of bacteria using the agar. The effectiveness against bacteria (diameters of the inhibition zone rate) found to be 18 mm for the 1st substance and 21 mm for 2nd substance. Conclusion: Our current study indicates that there is an effect of nanoparticles at the cellular level that can be used for beneficial biological application such as antibacterial. Keywords: Escherichia coli; Inhibition zone; Antibiotics; Nanoparticles

scholarly journals Assessing the effects of accumulated Cd(II) on seed germination and root development of Arabidopsis thaliana

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yejin Lee ◽  
Jinwoo Jang ◽  
Yangwon Jeon ◽  
Hyojin Kim ◽  
Geupil Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Model System ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Auxin Response ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Visual Marker

AbstractIn this study, Arabidopsis thaliana was used as a model system to assess the toxic effects of cadmium on plant development and growth. The germination and growth of A. thaliana was inhibited by Cd(II), and the inhibitory effect was dosage-dependent. The significant decrease of germination rates and root growths of A. thaliana were observed from 50 mg/L and 25 mg/L of CdCl2, respectively. Although both shoot and root growths were suppressed by Cd(II), root developments were more sensitive to Cd(II) than shoot developments, as evidenced by shoot growths observed over 50 mg/L of CdCl2. In the concordance to this result, it was also observed that the expression of DR5::VENUS, a visual marker of auxin response, was dependent on the Cd(II) concentration and was strongly reduced from 5 mg/L of CdCl2. In addition, the E. coli-based biosensors were employed to quantify accumulated Cd(II) in plants to understand the correlation between toxic effects and Cd(II) in plants. As a result, it was revealed that 0.012 mg/g and 0.138 mg/g of Cd(II) in dried plants were corresponded to the concentration inhibiting root developments and root growths, respectively. Although it needs further investigations, the findings play a significant role in assessing the toxic effects of Cd(II) based on the relationship between the toxic effects and accumulated Cd(II) concentrations in plants.

Impact of Raw Materials and Processing Techniques on The Microbiological Quality of Egyptian Domiati Cheese

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fresh Cheese ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total Yeast

Domiati cheese is the most popular brand of cheese ripened in brine in the Middle East in terms of consumed quantities. This study was performed to investigate the impact of the microbiological quality of the used raw materials, the applied traditional processing techniques and ripening period on the quality and safety of the produced cheese. Three hundred random composite samples were collected from three factories at Fayoum Governorate, Egypt. Collected samples represent twenty-five each of: raw milk, table salt, calf rennet, microbial rennet, water, environmental air, whey, fresh cheese, ripened cheese & swabs from: worker hands; cheese molds and utensils; tanks. All samples were examined microbiologically for Standard Plate Count (SPC), coliforms count, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) count, total yeast & mould count, presence of E. coli, Salmonellae and Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes). The mean value of SPC, coliforms, S. aureus and total yeast & mould counts ranged from (79×102 CFU/m3 for air to 13×108 CFU/g for fresh cheese), (7×102 MPN/ cm2 for tank swabs to 80×106 MPN/ml for raw milk), (9×102 CFU/g for salt to 69×106 CFU/g for fresh cheese) and (2×102 CFU/cm2 for hand swabs to 60×104 CFU/g for fresh cheese), respectively. Whereas, E. coli, Salmonella and L. monocytogenes failed to be detected in all examined samples. There were significant differences in all determined microbiological parameters (p ≤0.05) between fresh and ripened cheese which may be attributed to different adverse conditions such as water activity, pH, salt content and temperature carried out to improve the quality of the product.

scholarly journals KUALITAS AIR SUNGAI DI KAWASAN WISATA PANTAI PETITENGET, KEROBOKAN KABUPATEN BADUNG BALI

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Wayan Budiarsa Suyasa ◽  
Sri Kunti Pancadewi G. A ◽  
Iryanti E. Suprihatin ◽  
Dwi Adi Suastuti G. A.
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pollutant Source ◽  
Quality Category ◽  
Index Value ◽  
The Impact

In order to maintain the environmental carrying capacity of coastal tourism, this research was conducted to determine the condition of river water environmental pollution in the Petitenget beach area and pollutant source activities. Determination of water quality is carried out by analyzing the water quality taken at several sampling points in the four rivers that lead to the Petitenget beach. Determined the pollution index value (IP) of the physical chemical and biological pollution parameters. The results showed that the four rivers that flow into the Petitenget Beach area had been contaminated with indications of pH, BOD, COD, ammonia, Coliform and E. coli which exceeded water quality category III class quality (PerGub Bali No 16 Year 2016). The four rivers are included in the criteria of severe contamination. The four rivers have experienced physical damage or structural changes that have very high discharge fluctuations both in quantity and quality. Slimy basic structure, smelly and slum aesthetic waters. While the indication of the impact of pollution is waste water which is directly discharged into the river from hotels, restaurants, homestays, commercial centers and settlements.

scholarly journals Effect of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on the Expression of Efflux Pump and Quorum-Sensing Genes in MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 625
Author(s):  
Fatma Y. Ahmed ◽  
Usama Farghaly Aly ◽  
Rehab Mahmoud Abd El-Baky ◽  
Nancy G. F. M. Waly
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Efflux Pumps ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
The Impact

Most of the infections caused by multi-drug resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa strains are extremely difficult to be treated with conventional antibiotics. Biofilm formation and efflux pumps are recognized as the major antibiotic resistance mechanisms in MDR P. aeruginosa. Biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa depends mainly on the cell-to-cell communication quorum-sensing (QS) systems. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TDN) have been used as antimicrobial agents against several microorganisms but have not been reported as an anti-QS agent. This study aims to evaluate the impact of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TDN) on QS and efflux pump genes expression in MDR P. aeruginosa isolates. The antimicrobial susceptibility of 25 P. aeruginosa isolates were performed by Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TDN) were prepared by the sol gel method and characterized by different techniques (DLS, HR-TEM, XRD, and FTIR). The expression of efflux pumps in the MDR isolates was detected by the determination of MICs of different antibiotics in the presence and absence of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP). Biofilm formation and the antibiofilm activity of TDN were determined using the tissue culture plate method. The effects of TDN on the expression of QS genes and efflux pump genes were tested using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The average size of the TDNs was 64.77 nm. It was found that TDN showed a significant reduction in biofilm formation (96%) and represented superior antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa strains in comparison to titanium dioxide powder. In addition, the use of TDN alone or in combination with antibiotics resulted in significant downregulation of the efflux pump genes (MexY, MexB, MexA) and QS-regulated genes (lasR, lasI, rhll, rhlR, pqsA, pqsR) in comparison to the untreated isolate. TDN can increase the therapeutic efficacy of traditional antibiotics by affecting efflux pump expression and quorum-sensing genes controlling biofilm production.

scholarly journals Titanium Dioxide Presents a Different Profile in Dextran Sodium Sulphate-Induced Experimental Colitis in Mice Lacking the IBD Risk Gene Ptpn2 in Myeloid Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 772
Author(s):  
Javier Conde ◽  
Marlene Schwarzfischer ◽  
Egle Katkeviciute ◽  
Janine Häfliger ◽  
Anna Niechcial ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Food Additive ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Dextran Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Risk Gene ◽  
The Impact

Environmental and genetic factors have been demonstrated to contribute to the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Recent studies suggested that the food additive; titanium dioxide (TiO2) might play a causative role in the disease. Therefore, in the present study we aimed to explore the interaction between the food additive TiO2 and the well-characterized IBD risk gene protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (Ptpn2) and their role in the development of intestinal inflammation. Dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced acute colitis was performed in mice lacking the expression of Ptpn2 in myeloid cells (Ptpn2LysMCre) or their wild type littermates (Ptpn2fl/fl) and exposed to the microparticle TiO2. The impact of Ptpn2 on TiO2 signalling pathways and TiO2-induced IL-1β and IL-10 levels were studied using bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Ptpn2LysMCre exposed to TiO2 exhibited more severe intestinal inflammation than their wild type counterparts. This effect was likely due to the impact of TiO2 on the differentiation of intestinal macrophages, suppressing the number of anti-inflammatory macrophages in Ptpn2 deficient mice. Moreover, we also found that TiO2 was able to induce the secretion of IL-1β via mitogen-activated proteins kinases (MAPKs) and to repress the expression of IL-10 in bone marrow-derived macrophages via MAPK-independent pathways. This is the first evidence of the cooperation between the genetic risk factor Ptpn2 and the environmental factor TiO2 in the regulation of intestinal inflammation. The results presented here suggest that the ingestion of certain industrial compounds should be taken into account, especially in individuals with increased genetic risk

scholarly journals The Location of Substitutions and Bacterial Genome Arrangements

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniella F Lato ◽  
G Brian Golding
Keyword(s):  
Sinorhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Bacterial Genome ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Origin Of Replication ◽  
Ancestral Reconstruction ◽  
Molecular Change ◽  
E Coli ◽  
A Genome ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Molecular Evolutionary Analysis

Abstract Increasing evidence supports the notion that different regions of a genome have unique rates of molecular change. This variation is particularly evident in bacterial genomes where previous studies have reported gene expression and essentiality tend to decrease, while substitution rates usually increases with increasing distance from the origin of replication. Genomic reorganization such as rearrangements occur frequently in bacteria and allow for the introduction and restructuring of genetic content, creating gradients of molecular traits along genomes. Here, we explore the interplay of these phenomena by mapping substitutions to the genomes of Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Streptomyces, and Sinorhizobium meliloti, quantifying how many substitutions have occurred at each position in the genome. Preceding work indicates that substitution rate significantly increases with distance from the origin. Using a larger sample size and accounting for genome rearrangements through ancestral reconstruction, our analysis demonstrates that the correlation between the number of substitutions and distance from the origin of replication is often significant but small and inconsistent in direction. Some replicons had a significantly decreasing trend (E. coli and the chromosome of S. meliloti), while others showed the opposite significant trend (B. subtilis, Streptomyces, pSymA and pSymB in S. meliloti). dN, dS and ω were examined across all genes and there was no significant correlation between those values and distance from the origin. This study highlights the impact that genomic rearrangements and location have on molecular trends in some bacteria, illustrating the importance of considering spatial trends in molecular evolutionary analysis. Assuming that molecular trends are exclusively in one direction can be problematic.

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles Analysis in the COVID-19 Era: Insights on Serum Inactivation Protocols towards Downstream Isolation and Analysis

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 544
Author(s):  
Roberto Frigerio ◽  
Angelo Musicò ◽  
Marco Brucale ◽  
Andrea Ridolfi ◽  
Silvia Galbiati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Heat Inactivation ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Droplet Pcr ◽  
Detergent Treatment ◽  
Routine Procedures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mirna Content

Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 crisis, the handling of biological samples from confirmed or suspected SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals demanded the use of inactivation protocols to ensure laboratory operators’ safety. While not standardized, these practices can be roughly divided into two categories, namely heat inactivation and solvent-detergent treatments. These routine procedures should also apply to samples intended for Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) analysis. Assessing the impact of virus-inactivating pre-treatments is therefore of pivotal importance, given the well-known variability introduced by different pre-analytical steps on downstream EVs isolation and analysis. Arguably, shared guidelines on inactivation protocols tailored to best address EVs-specific requirements will be needed among the analytical community, yet deep investigations in this direction have not yet been reported. We here provide insights into SARS-CoV-2 inactivation practices to be adopted prior to serum EVs analysis by comparing solvent/detergent treatment vs. heat inactivation. Our analysis entails the evaluation of EVs recovery and purity along with biochemical, biophysical and biomolecular profiling by means of a set of complementary analytical techniques: Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis, Western Blotting, Atomic Force Microscopy, miRNA content (digital droplet PCR) and tetraspanin assessment by microarrays. Our data suggest an increase in ultracentrifugation (UC) recovery following heat treatment; however, it is accompanied by a marked enrichment in EVs-associated contaminants. On the other hand, solvent/detergent treatment is promising for small EVs (<150 nm range), yet a depletion of larger vesicular entities was detected. This work represents a first step towards the identification of optimal serum inactivation protocols targeted to EVs analysis.

scholarly journals The Protein Interactome of Glycolysis in Escherichia coli

Proteomes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Shomeek Chowdhury ◽  
Stephen Hepper ◽  
Mudassir K. Lodi ◽  
Milton H. Saier ◽  
Peter Uetz
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Allosteric Regulation ◽  
Glycolytic Enzymes ◽  
Protein Protein Interactions ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Protein Interactome ◽  
The Impact

Glycolysis is regulated by numerous mechanisms including allosteric regulation, post-translational modification or protein-protein interactions (PPI). While glycolytic enzymes have been found to interact with hundreds of proteins, the impact of only some of these PPIs on glycolysis is well understood. Here we investigate which of these interactions may affect glycolysis in E. coli and possibly across numerous other bacteria, based on the stoichiometry of interacting protein pairs (from proteomic studies) and their conservation across bacteria. We present a list of 339 protein-protein interactions involving glycolytic enzymes but predict that ~70% of glycolytic interactors are not present in adequate amounts to have a significant impact on glycolysis. Finally, we identify a conserved but uncharacterized subset of interactions that are likely to affect glycolysis and deserve further study.

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