scholarly journals Influence of Compacting Rate on the Properties of Compressed Earth Blocks

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humphrey Danso
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Compressive Strength Test ◽  
Compressed Earth Blocks ◽  
Earth Blocks ◽  
Erosion Properties ◽  
Linear Correlations

Compaction of blocks contributes significantly to the strength properties of compressed earth blocks. This paper investigates the influence of compacting rates on the properties of compressed earth blocks. Experiments were conducted to determine the density, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and erosion properties of compressed earth blocks produced with different rates of compacting speed. The study concludes that although the low rate of compaction achieved slightly better performance characteristics, there is no statistically significant difference between the soil blocks produced with low compacting rate and high compacting rate. The study demonstrates that there is not much influence on the properties of compressed earth blocks produced with low and high compacting rates. It was further found that there are strong linear correlations between the compressive strength test and density, and density and the erosion. However, a weak linear correlation was found between tensile strength and compressive strength, and tensile strength and density.

scholarly journals A Review on the Study of Strength Properties of High Performance Concrete Using Various Fibers

2019 ◽  
pp. 411-415
Author(s):  
Venkateshwaran S ◽  
Alex Rajesh A
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Steel Fibers ◽  
Compressive Strength Test ◽  
Pet Fibers

This is review report on High performance Concrete and is done by studying various journal papers on High performance concrete and this paper mainly concentrated on how to improve the Strength of concrete by using various fibers. Fibers are generally used in concrete to improve the tensile strength of the concrete. In fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) various types of fibers can be used such as polypropylene, cellulose, carbon, jute, PET fibers and Steel fibers. Among the above all steel fibers shows best performance comparing to other fibers. The flexural strength and compressive strength test are commonly done for every fiber and their values and comparisons are discussed in this report.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN LIMBAH PLASTIK POLYPROPYLENE (PP) SEBAGAI CAMPURAN AGREGAT KASAR TERHADAP KUAT TEKAN DAN TARIK PADA BETON FC’ 25 MPA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
Angga Pirman Firdaus ◽  
Jonbi
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Concrete Mixture ◽  
Strength Testing ◽  
Concrete Compressive Strength ◽  
Tensile Strength Test ◽  
Compressive Strength Test ◽  
Waste Mixture

Indonesia ranks second in the world's largest plastic waste producer after China. Each year, Indonesia can contributeup to 187.2 million tons of plastic waste, while China reaches 262.9 million tons of plastic waste. Based on the data, one way to utilize plastic waste by using plastic waste as a mixture of concrete, where the plastic used is polypropylene (PP) plastic with different percentage of concrete mixture, the test includes compressive strength test and tensile concrete. The results of concrete compressive strength testing with polypropylene (PP) plastic waste mixture of 5%, 10% and 15% at age 28 in aggregate aggregate mixture decreased by 5.15%, 6.89% and 13.53%. As for the result of concrete tensile strength test with polypropylene (PP) plastic waste mixture of 5%, 10% and 15% at age 28 in crude aggregate mixture decreased 17,61%, 24,13% dan 23,24%.

scholarly journals Effect of nanosilica on the mechanical and microstructural properties of a normal strength concrete produced in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 710-720
Author(s):  
I.M. Adamu ◽  
J.M. Kaura ◽  
A. Lawan ◽  
A. Ocholi
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Hydration Reaction ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Microstructural Properties ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Compressive Strength Test ◽  
Normal Strength

The failure of conventional concrete to have classical mechanical properties, reduced permeability and lead to sustainability in concrete production called for the use of supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCM) in concrete to improve its performance. This study investigates the effect of adding optimal dosage of an SCM called nanosilica (nS) on the tensile and compressive strengths, microstructural properties and cement hydration reaction for grade 30 concrete. The optimal dosage of the nS was determined to be 1.5% by weight of cement using compressive strength test. The influence of optimal nS dosage on the concrete properties was investigated using compressive strength test, splitting tensile strength test, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy (EDS). Results revealed that optimal nS addition led to 30% and 23.3% respective increase in compressive and tensile strengths of conventional concrete at 7days of curing. SEM micrographs show better packing density in the nano-concrete at 90days of curing. EDS shows that addition of optimal nS dosage in concrete led to formation of more C-S-H gels at 90days curing period, and a corresponding reduction in Ca/Si ratio of the nano-concrete to 0.89; a ratio that is very close to that of 14Ǻ tobermorite reported in literature. The optimal nano-concrete can be used where strength improvement, especially at early age and reduction in concrete permeability are requirements. Keywords: Compressive strength, Tensile strength, Normal strength nano-concrete, SEM, EDS.

scholarly journals Research on Alternative to Replace Natural Sand in Cement Stabilized Rammed Earth Blocks

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S3) ◽  
pp. 504-507
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Rammed Earth ◽  
Natural Sand ◽  
Stabilizing Agent ◽  
Manufactured Sand ◽  
Compressive Strength Test ◽  
Alternative Material ◽  
Cheap Alternative ◽  
Earth Blocks

Natural Sand, which is being used extensively for all types of construction activities, is getting scarce now and many researchers have been put to task of testing other materials like manufactured sand for their usability in civil works. Present study aims at using the locally available soil for producing earth blocks. The materials like Auto aerated clay waste, manufactured sand are used in different proportions to see the possibility as a replacement for natural sand. Both the materials were used in proportion range of 35-65% along with 8% cement as a stabilizing agent. The cube compressive strength test was performed on soaked samples after 7 days and 28 days. It has been concluded from the result that the manufactured sand is cheap alternative material to replace natural sand

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE (SCC) TANPA CURING

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
erniati
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fresh Concrete ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Splitting Tensile Strength ◽  
Good Resistance ◽  
Self Compacting Concrete ◽  
Compressive Strength Test ◽  
Resistance Durability

Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) is one solution to get concrete construction which it has good resistance. Durability of concrete was obtained by the good concrete compaction to be done by a skilled workforce. However, one of the negligence that often occur in the field ie after casting they was ignoring curing of the hardening concrete. This study discusses the workability of fresh concrete and mechanical properties (compressive strength and splitting tensile strength) on SCC without curing. Testing of the concrete workability based on EFNARC standard. The mechanical properties test based on ASTM standards. The method Compressive strength test based on ASTM standards 39 / C 39M - 12a, whereas splitting tensile strength accordance standard ASTM C496 / C496M-11. The results of the study indicate that the SCC without curing effect on the reduction in compressive strength at ages 1, 3, 7, 28, and 90 days in a row at 4.11 MPa (16.1%); 4.90 MPa (13.9%); 6.64 MPa (13.1%); and 6, 72 MPa (12.75%). Splitting tensile strength decreased respectively by 0.1 MPa (3.25%); 0.26 MPa (7.99%); 0.4 MPa (9.52%); and 0.39 MPa (9.16%).

The Effect of Glutaraldehyde on Hydroxyapatite-Gelatin Composite with Addition of Alendronate for Bone Filler Application

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfian Pramudita Putra ◽  
Annisa Aulia Rahmah ◽  
Nia Fitriana ◽  
Sayyidati Arristifanniy Rohim ◽  
Miftakhul Jannah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Osteoporotic Bone ◽  
Cytotoxicity Test ◽  
Health Ministry ◽  
Bone Filler ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Compressive Strength Test ◽  
Per Oral

Based on data from Indonesian Health Ministry in 2009, osteoporosis case reached 19,7 % of the populations in Indonesia, especially women in menopause period. The treatment was performed by consuming bisphosphonate drugs per oral which was not effective since the absorption intake of the drug was only less than 55% of the intake dosage. Because of that, the bone filler which also has a function as drug delivery system was developed. The hydroxyapatite-gelatin bone filler with the addition of alendronate was studied. To increase the characteristics of this bone filler, glutaraldehyde was introduced in the composite as a crosslinking agent. The concentration of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 0.75% were used. The bone filler was then characterized based on FTIR test, morphology test, compressive strength test, cytotoxicity test, and degradation test. The FTIR result showed that there was no significant difference between the sample with and without glutaraldehyde since the crosslinking bond of glutaraldehyde and gelatin was C=N bond which also presented in the gelatin. The morphology of the samples depicted a bigger pore size for higher glutaraldehyde concentration which also supported by lower compressive strength. All the samples were non-toxic based on the cytotoxicity test which had cell viability more than 100%. The degradation tests showed that with the presence of glutaraldehyde in the bone filler could maintain its form longer than the bone filler without glutaraldehyde. In conclusion, the presence of glutaraldehyde could increase the characteristics of the hydroxyapatite-gelatin composite with the addition of alendronate as a bone filler candidate for osteoporotic bone.

scholarly journals Strength of Concrete using Clay as a Partial Replacement of Binder Content with and Without Lime

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
S. B. Kandekar ◽  
◽  
S. K. Wakchaure ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Binder Content ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Split Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Strength Test ◽  
Compressive Strength Test

Materials are the most important component of building construction. The demands of construction material are increasing day by day significantly. This demand is increasing the material prices and scarcity of material in construction industry. To achieve economical and eco-friendly criteria naturally occurring material is selected. Clay is a natural material and it can be available easily. This paper interprets the experimental investigation on strength of concrete using clay as a partial replacement to binder content (cement) in concrete. The replacement percentages are grouped as 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% of clay and 5% of hydrated lime with cement in each series in M25 grade of concrete. To achieve the pozzolanic property of clay hydrated lime was added. Different tests are performed to determine the optimum percentage of clay as a replacement for binder content (cement) in concrete. The Compressive strength test, split tensile strength test and flexural strength test were performed on the specimens. Total 90 cubes of size 150 mm were prepared for compressive strength test, 30 cylinders of 150 mm diameter and 300 mm height were prepared for split tensile strength test and 30 beams of size 150 mm x 150 mm x 1000 mm were prepared to carry out the flexural strength test. The results are compared to find the ideal proportion of clay as a replacement for cement. It is found that 10% replacement with 5% hydrated lime gives satisfactory results.

scholarly journals KAJIAN PENAMBAHAN PAPER SULDGE YANG BERVARIASI TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK DAN MEKANIK CEILING BRICK

BANGUNAN ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
M. Abdul Aziz Kurniawan ◽  
Eko Suwarno ◽  
Boedya Djatmika
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Paper Sludge ◽  
Physical Test ◽  
Water Seepage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Compressive Strength Test ◽  
Sludge Waste

Abstrak:Ceiling brick buangan paper sludge salah satu alternatif membuat pelat lantai, secara ekonomis lebih murah dan memiliki kuat tekan setara dengan beton konvensional K300. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen. Terdapat dua jenis benda uji yang digunakan yaitu berbentuk kubus dengan ukuran 5 cm x 5 cm x 5 cm untuk mengetahui kualitas bahan ceiling brick dan benda uji berbentuk produk ceiling brick untuk mengetahui kualitas produk ceiling brick. Variasi paper sludge yang digunakan adalah 2, 4, 6, dan 8 persen. Satu benda uji dilakukan dua pengujian yaitu uji fisik (rembesan air) dan mekanik (kuat tekan). Metode penelitian menggunakan analisa statistik One Way dan dilanjutkan analisis Tukey. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah (1) Kuat tekan produk ceiling brick dengan campuran paper sludge berurut-urut 0, 2, 4, 6, dan 8 persen sebesar 8.43 MPa, 9.39 MPa, 11.28 MPa, 10.31 MPa, dan 8.30 MPa. Nilai rata-rata rembesan air produk ceiling brick dengan variasi berurut-urut 0%,2%, 4%, 6%, dan 8%, yaitu sebesar 0.35 ml/menit, 0.37 ml/menit, 0.35 ml/menit, 0.42 ml/menit, dan 0.36 ml/ menit. (2) Kuat tekan mortar kubus ceiling brick dengan campuran paper sludge berurut-urut 0, 2, 4, 6, dan 8 persen sebesar 105.66 MPa, 112.67 MPa, 104.20 MPa, 98.55 MPa, dan 105.24 MPa. Rembesan air mortar kubus ceiling brick dengan variasi berurut-urut 0, 2, 4, 6, dan 8 persen, yaitu sebesar 0,59 ml/menit, 0,54 ml/menit, 0,46 ml/menit, 0,27 ml/menit, dan 0,28 ml/menit. (3) Uji kuat tekan dan rembesan air terhadap produk ceiling brick yang telah dicampur paper sludge mengalami perbedaan tetapi tidak signifikan. (4) Uji kuat tekan terhadap mortar kubus ceiling brick yang dicampur paper sludge mengalami perbedaan tetapi tidak signifikan. Sedangkan uji rembesan air tehadap mortar kubus ceiling brick yang dicampur paper sludge mengalami perbedaan yang signifikan. (5) Campuran paper sludge 4 persen pada produk ceiling brick dan campuran paper sludge 2 persen pada mortar kubus ceiling brick menghasilkan kuat tekan optimum.Kata-kata kunci: paper sludge, limbah kertas, ceiling brick, sifat fisik & mekanikAbstract: Paper sludge ceiling bricks are an alternative to making floor plates, are economically cheaper and have compressive strength equivalent to conventional K300 concrete. This research is using experimental method. There are two types of specimens used which are cube shaped with a size of 5 cm x 5 cm x 5 cm to determine the quality of ceiling brick material and specimens in the form of ceiling brick products to determine the quality of ceiling brick products. Paper sludge variations used are 0, 2, 4, 6, dan 8 percent. One test object was carried out two tests, namely physical test (water seepage) and mechanical (compressive strength). The research method uses One Way statistical analysis and Tukey analysis continues. The results of this study are (1) Compressive strength of brick brick products with a mixture of paper sludge in sequence of 0, 2, 4, 6, dan 8 percent at 8.43 MPa, 9.39 MPa, 11.28 MPa, 10.31 MPa and 8.30 MPa. The average seepage value of ceiling brick products with sequential variations of 0, 2, 4, 6, dan 8 percent which is 0.35 ml / minute, 0.37 ml / minute, 0.35 ml / minute, 0.42 ml / minute minutes, and 0.36 ml / minute. (2) Compressive strength of ceiling brick cube mortar with a mixture of paper sludge in a sequence of 0, 2, 4, 6, dan 8 percent by 105.66 MPa, 112.67 MPa, 104.20 MPa, 98.55 MPa and 105.24 MPa. Mortar cube ceiling water seepage with sequential variations of 0, 2, 4, 6, dan 8 percent in the amount of 0.59 ml / minute, 0.54 ml / minute, 0.46 ml / minute, 0.27 ml / minute, and 0.28 ml / minute. (3) The compressive strength and water seepage tests on ceiling brick products that have been mixed with paper sludge experience differences but are not significant. (4) Compressive strength test of ceiling brick cube mortar mixed with paper sludge is different but not significant. While the water seepage test of ceiling brick cube mortar mixed with paper sludge experienced a significant difference. (5) 4 percent paper sludge mixture in ceiling brick products and 2 percent paper sludge mixture in ceiling brick cube mortars produce optimum compressive strength.Keywords: paper sludge, waste paper, ceiling brick, physical & mechanical properties

Effects of Sample Preparation Methods on Tensile Strength of Red Clay

2012 ◽  
Vol 204-208 ◽  
pp. 3847-3851
Author(s):  
Zhao Tian Zeng ◽  
Hai Bo Lu ◽  
Jin Jin Zhang ◽  
Yan Lin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Tensile Force ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Tension Test ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Compressive Strength Test ◽  
Sample Preparation Methods

Effects of two sample preparation methods on tensile strength of red clay are studied. The first method adopts standard layered-bumping to make sample whose layer interfaces are vertical to tensile force. The second method uses compaction apparatus to prepare big sample and the big sample is cut to prepare triaxial sample whose layer interface is parallel to tensile force. Test results indicate that the layer interfaces of soil sample have large influence on the single axle tension test, because the results of the sample prepared by 1st method have large dispersion and low strength, while the results of the sample prepared by 2nd method are just the opposite.Moreover,the layer interfaces of soil sample have little influence on the unconfined compressive strength test, and the results of the tensile test and unconfined compressive strength test of the samples prepared by 2nd method meet with the Griffith Criterion, so the samples of uniaxial tension test should be prepared by 2nd method.

Analysis of Curing Agent on the Strength of Lightweight Soil Using Recycled Sludge

2014 ◽  
Vol 936 ◽  
pp. 1382-1386
Author(s):  
Guo Cai Wang ◽  
Lin Chun Yu ◽  
Ling Sha
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Curing Agent ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Pore Characteristics ◽  
Optimum Proportion ◽  
Compressive Strength Test

In order to study the inorganic composite curing agents of lime, gypsum, fly ash on the strength properties of EPS lightweight soil using recycled sludge, the unconfined compressive strength test and scanning electron microscope test are done to investigate the strength properties of EPS lightweight soil. The effect and scope of each curing agent is investigated and determined by means of single-doped unconfined compressive strength test, and the optimum proportion of the curing agent is further determined by the method of orthogonal unconfined compressive strength test, of which the stabilized effectiveness of the lightweight soil is compared with those only using cement as curing agent. Finally, the SEM test is done to study the microstructure and pore characteristics of the lightweight soil mixed with EPS adding with or without curing agent. The test results and curing agent can be used as conference when stabilizing soft soil and treatment of discarded clay.

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