Effect of Intraperitoneal Etanercept on Oxidative Stress in Rats with Peritonitis

Our aim was to evaluate effect of etanercept on oxidative stress parameters in rats with experimental peritonitis and investigate the availability of etanercept usage in the treatment of peritonitis in the future. Twenty-eight rats were divided into four groups as control (group 1), peritonitis (group 2), peritonitis + cefazolin sodium (group 3), and peritonitis + cefazolin sodium + etanercept (group 4). Peritoneal tissue and blood samples were taken from all of the rats for histopathological and biochemical examination. The oxidative stress parameters were examined in blood and tissue samples. It was observed that rats with peritonitis benefit from cefazolin sodium treatment. Evaluating the effectiveness of etanercept was our main objective for this study. In this perspective, we compared group 3 and group 4 and found statistically significant decreases in oxidative parameters and statistically significant increases in antioxidants in serum and tissue samples in group 4. It is observed that there was a significant contribution of etanercept on biochemical and also histopathological results. As a result, the TNF-αinhibitor, etanercept, in addition to antibiotics given in the early treatment of peritonitis results in more significant improvement of histopathological and oxidative parameters as compared to antibiotics alone.

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The Effects of Insufflation Conditions on Rat Mesothelium

International Journal of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2013/816283 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Andrew K. Davey ◽

Jessica Hayward ◽

Jean K. Marshall ◽

Anthony E. Woods

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Response ◽

Mesothelial Cell ◽

Surface Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Cell Nuclei ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Group 4 ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Aim. The aim of this investigation was to examine the alterations in the peritoneum after cold dry CO2, heated dry CO2, and humidified heated CO2at pressures equivalent to intraperitoneal pressures used in human laparoscopy.Methods. Eighteen rats were divided into 4 treatment groups—group 1: untreated control; group 2: insufflation with cold dry CO2; group 3: insufflation with heated, dry CO2; group 4: insufflation with heated and humidified CO2. The abdomen was insufflated to 5 mm/Hg (flow rate 50 mL/min) for 2 h. Twelve hours later, tissue samples were collected for analysis by light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Results. Group 1: no abnormalities were detected. Group 2: specimens revealed an inflammatory response with loss of mesothelium and mesothelial cell nuclei showing lytic change. Cells were rounded with some areas of cell flattening and separation. Group 3: some animals showed little or no alteration, while others had a mild inflammatory response. Mesothelial cells were rounded and showed crenation on the exposed surface. Group 4: specimens showed little change from the control group.Conclusions. The LM results indicate that insufflations with heated, humidified CO2are the least likely to induce mesothelial damage.

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A Cardioprotective Role of Nerium oleander with the Expression of Hypoxia Inducible Factor 2A mRNA by Increasing Antioxidant Enzymes in Rat Heart Tissue

Acta Scientiae Veterinariae ◽

10.22456/1679-9216.82557 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 8

Author(s):

Mustafa Hitit ◽

Orhan Corum ◽

Duygu Durna Corum ◽

Huseyin Donmez ◽

Gul Cetin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Heart Tissue ◽

Nerium Oleander ◽

Control Group ◽

Heart Cells ◽

Group 4 ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2

Background: Nerium oleander (NO) distillate is used to either protect heart cells against oxidative stress or reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease by regulating the production of reactive oxygen species. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) regulate cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms under hypoxic conditions in which heart cells survive; however, the key responsible mechanism of NO distillate for cardioprotection remains elusive. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects on heart tissue at different time intervals after administering NO distillateintraperitoneally (IP) while considering the transcriptional regulation of HIFs and representative antioxidant enzymes.Materials, Methods & Results: The NO plant was chopped, and distillated water was added. The mixture was distilled, and the distillate separated and collected into tubes, after which it was lyophilized to obtain dry material. Twenty male Wistar albino rats (2-3 month-old, 250-300 geach) were used in the study. The rats were randomly divided into four groups. The control group (n = 5) received IP injections of saline; the remaining 15 rats received IP injections of a single dose of 7.5 mL NO distillate. The NO distillate injected rats were divided into three groupsaccording to the time from injection to harvest the heart tissue samples. The tissues were collected at 0 h (control; n = 5), 2 h (group 2; n = 5), 4 h (group 3; n = 5), and 8 h (group 4; n = 5) after injection and under general anesthesia (60 mg/kg ketamine, IP + 10 mg/kg xylazine, IP).Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to assess the expression profiles of the genes of interest in the heart tissues. Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase was used as the reference gene. The expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) mRNA was in a steady state level between the control group and group 2 (P > 0.05); however, it significantly increased in group 3 and 4 compared with that in the control (P < 0.05). Expression of catalase (CAT) mRNA was significantly higher in group 2 than in the control group (P < 0.05) although it was lower in group 3 and 4 than in group 2 (P < 0.05); however, it appeared to be similar among the control group, group 3, and group 4 (P > 0.05). Copper (Cu) SOD mRNA was equallyexpressed in both the control group and group 2 (P > 0.05) but was lower in group 3 and 4 than in group 2 (P < 0.05). Expressions of HIF1A, HIF2A, and HIF3A mRNA were detected in the rat heart tissues in the control and 2, 4, and 8 h after administration of NO distillate. Expression ofHIF1A mRNA was in a steady state and did not differ among groups 2, 3, and 4 (P > 0.05). Similarly, the expression of HIF2A mRNA did not change between the control group and group 2 (P > 0.05); however, it was higher in group 3 than in the control (P < 0.05) and tended to behigher in group 3 than in group 2 (P = 0.063). HIF3A mRNA expression did not change significantly in the heart tissue of any of the groups (P > 0.05).Discussion: The present study using rats determined that MnSOD, CAT, CuSOD, HIF1A, HIF2A, and HIF3A mRNA are expressed in the heart tissues after administration of NO distillate. The increased expression of HIF2A mRNA after 4 h in accordance with a rise in CAT mRNA after 2 h, and MnSOD mRNA after 4 and 8 h might confirm the role of HIF2A mRNA in oxidative stress defense by regulating antioxidant enzymes; consequently, this study may expand our understanding of uses of NO distillate with respect to molecular pathways.

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Effects of sodium selenite and amiloride on calvarial calcification in closing small cranial defects

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/2010.6.jns091767 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 114 (2) ◽

pp. 478-484 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Derviş Mansuri Yιlmaz ◽

Ersin Hacιyakupoğlu ◽

Sebahattin Hacιyakupoğlu ◽

Sait Polat ◽

Hülya Özgür ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Connective Tissue ◽

Autogenous Bone ◽

Control Group ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Group 4 ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Osteoplastic Material ◽

The Right

Object Fresh autogenous bone graft is the most preferred osteoplastic material, whether the purpose is cosmetic, psychological, or for the protection of the brain. These grafts are not rejected and do not react immunologically. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of autogenous fat rolled with bone dust derived from the bur hole in closing small cranial defects. Additionally, the authors examined the morphological and biochemical effects of Na selenite and amiloride on calvarial calcification. Methods The study group consisted of 20 domestic pigs. These animals were randomly divided into 4 groups. A bur hole with a diameter of 10 mm was made at the right parietal region in all animals, and then the periosteum around the bur hole was cauterized following exposure of the dura mater. The dura was coagulated with bipolar cautery. Group 1 (controls): only a bur hole was opened, and it was then closed with a mixture of the bone dust that had been created during the opening of the bur hole and fat tissue that was taken from the animal's neck. Group 2 (amiloride): 1 nmol/g body weight of amiloride was applied subcutaneously within 15 minutes after closure of the bur hole with bone dust and fat, and then amiloride was applied once a day for 4 weeks. Group 3 (Na selenite): 30 nmol/g body weight of Na selenite was applied subcutaneously within 30 minutes after closure of the bur hole with bone dust and fat, and then Na selenite was applied once a day for 4 weeks. Group 4 (amiloride and Na selenite): 1 nmol/g body weight of amiloride was applied subcutaneously at 15 minutes, and 30 nmol/g body weight of Na selenite was applied subcutaneously at 30 minutes after closure of the bur hole with bone dust and fat, and these 2 injections were repeated once a day for 4 weeks. At the end of 4 weeks, the animals were anesthetized to evaluate the closure of the bur hole. Tissue samples were obtained for ultrastructural and biochemical examination. Results The defect was covered with diffuse connective tissue in the control group. Although multiple capillary vessels were present, the authors did not observe osteogenic differentiation. Histological examination of the second group revealed osteogenic changes. Although new matrix was formed, calcification was not detected. The authors observed fibroblast, collagen fibers, and dense connective tissue filled with capillary in the third group of pigs, which had undergone Na selenite application. Calcification was not detected in this group. Both connective and osteogenic tissue were observed in specimens obtained in the fourth group, which had undergone amiloride and Na selenite application. Conclusions The authors experimentally evaluated the supplementary osteogenic effects of Na selenite and amiloride by using them separately and together. The findings seem promising as a lead-in to new studies in restoring cranial defects.

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Protection through L-Carnitine on Tissue Oxidant Status and Sialic Acid Content in Tilmicosin-Induced Alterations in BALB/c Mice

Acta Veterinaria Brno ◽

10.2754/avb200776020203 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 76 (2) ◽

pp. 203-207 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

A. Kart ◽

M. Karapehlivan ◽

K. Yapar ◽

M. Citil ◽

A. Akpinar

Keyword(s):

Sialic Acid ◽

Acid Content ◽

Control Group ◽

Sialic Acid Content ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Total Sialic Acid ◽

Group 4 ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2

The macrolide antibiotic tilmicosin is known to induce cardiotoxic effect when administered at large doses. In this work, the effects of tilmicosin were evaluated with respect to alterations in total sialic acid, malondialdehyde and glutathione content of the heart, liver, kidney and lung tissues after single subcutaneous injection of 75 mg/kg tilmicosin with or without L-carnitine (500 mg/kg for 5 days daily via s.c. route) in BALB/c mice. L-carnitine is a co-factor serving in the mitochondrial β-oxidation of long chain fatty acids, and it was reported to be protective in several types of toxicity cases probably via multi-factorial mechanisms. Twenty eight mice were divided into 4 groups including group 1 (control), group 2 (L-carnitine), group 3 (tilmicosin) and group 4 (tilmicosin plus L-carnitine). Following the administration of treatments, tissue samples were collected, and the samples were assayed for malondialdehyde, glutathione and total sialic acid content. Mice receiving tilmicosin treatment alone had significantly higher malondialdehyde and total sialic acid concentrations (except for MDA of lungs) but lower glutathione concentration in selected tissues compared to those of the control, group 2 (Carnitine only) and group 4 (L-carnitine plus tilmicosin) (p < 0.05). However, no significant difference was found associated with the assayed indicators between the control and mice treated with L-carnitine plus tilmicosin. These results suggest that tilmicosin may cause oxidative stress in the heart, liver, lung and kidneys, but the adverse effects could be attenuated by L-carnitine administration.

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Clinical Significance of ROMs, OXY, SHp and HMGB-1 in Canine Leishmaniosis

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11030754 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 754

Author(s):

Michela Pugliese ◽

Alessandra Sfacteria ◽

Gaetano Oliva ◽

Annastella Falcone ◽

Manuela Gizzarelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Biological Tissues ◽

Stress Index ◽

Control Group ◽

Canine Leishmaniosis ◽

Oxidative Stress Parameters ◽

Stress Parameters

This study aimed to investigate the role of oxidative stress parameters (ROMs, OXY, SHp), the Oxidative Stress index (OSi), and High Mobility Group Box-1 protein (HMGB-1) in canine leishmaniosis (CanL). For this study, thirty dogs, naturally infected with Leishmania spp. (Leishmania Group, LEISH) and ten healthy adult dogs (control group, CTR) were included. The diagnosis of CanL was performed by a cytological examination of lymph nodes, real time polymerase chain reaction on biological tissues (lymph nodes and whole blood), and an immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) for the detection of anti-Leishmania antibodies associated with clinical signs such as dermatitis, lymphadenopathy, onychogryphosis, weight loss, cachexia, lameness, conjunctivitis, epistaxis, and hepatosplenomegaly. The HMGB-1 and oxidative stress parameters of the LEISH Group were compared with the values recorded in the CTR group (Mann Whitney Test, p < 0.05). Spearman rank correlation was applied to evaluate the correlation between the HMGB-1, oxidative stress biomarkers, hematological and biochemical parameters in the LEISH Group. Results showed statistically significant higher values of SHp in the LEISH Group. Specific correlation between the ROMs and the number of red blood cells, and between HGMB-1 and SHp were recorded. These preliminary data may suggest the potential role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of CanL. Further studies are undoubtedly required to evaluate the direct correlation between inflammation parameters with the different stages of CanL. Similarly, further research should investigate the role of ROMs in the onset of anemia.

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Antioxidant Effect of MnTE-2-PyP on Lung in Asthma Mice Model

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/2012/379360 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Lyudmil Terziev ◽

Violeta Dancheva ◽

Veneta Shopova ◽

Galya Stavreva

Keyword(s):

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Glutathione Peroxidase ◽

Control Group ◽

Mice Model ◽

Antioxidant Defence ◽

Group 4 ◽

Antioxidant Defence System ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Aim. To investigate the effects of MnTE-2-PyP on some markers of antioxidant defence system in asthma mice model.Material and Methods. The animals were divided into four groups: group 1, controls; group 2, injected with ovalbumin, group 3, treated with MnTE-2-PyP, and group 4, treated with ovalbumin and MnTE-2-PyP. The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and nonprotein sulfhydryl groups content (NPSH) were determined in lung homogenate.Results. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in group 2 decreased significantly as compared to control group. The decrease of the same enzymes in group 4 was lower and significant as compared to group 2. Changes in the glutathione peroxidase activity showed a similar dynamics. The NPSH groups content decreased in group 2. In group 4 this decrease was relatively lower as compared to group 2.Conclusions. The application of MnTE-2-PyP mitigated the effects of oxidative stress in asthma mice model.

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Effectiveness of medical treatment in overcoming the ureteral double-J stent related symptoms

Canadian Urological Association Journal ◽

10.5489/cuaj.145 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 234 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Ugur Kuyumcuoglu ◽

Bilal Eryildirim ◽

Murat Tuncer ◽

Gokhan Faydaci ◽

Fatih Tarhan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Group 4 ◽

Double J Stent ◽

Urinary Tract Symptoms ◽

Stone Treatment ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 5 ◽

Group 2

Background: We investigated whether the frequency of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) increased in patients in whom double-J stents were applied. We also evaluated several medical therapy protocols to treat symptoms related with ureteral stents.Materials and Methods: A total of 108 patients, in whom unilateral double-j stent was applied during ureteral stone treatment, were included. Before the double-J stent was applied, all patients completed storage components of the “International Prostate Symptom Score” (IPSSs), quality of life components of the IPSS (IPSS-QOL) and “Overactive Bladder Questionnaire” (OABq) forms and scores were calculated. After the procedure, cases were randomized into 5 groups, an antiinflammatory was given to Group 1, spasmolytic to Group 2, anticholinergic to Group 3 and α-blocker to Group 4. No additional drug was given to Group 5 as this control group. During the fourth week of the procedure, IPSSs, IPSS-QOL and OABq forms were again completed and scores were compared with the previous ones.Results: When all the cases were evaluated, the IPSSs, IPSS-QOLand OABq scores of patients in whom the double-J stent was applied were statistically significantly higher the procedure. Compared to the control group, the cases where the double-J stent was applied showed a higher IPSSs, IPSS-QOL and OABq scores and none of the medical therapies could prevent this increase.Interpretation: The frequency of LUTS increased in cases where the ureteral stent was applied and discomfort continued as long as the stent stayed in the body.

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Pengaruh Monoklonal Antibodi Bovine Zona Pelusida 3 (bZP3) terhadap Diameter dan Atresia Folikel Ovarium Mencit (Mus musculus)

Majalah Obstetri & Ginekologi ◽

10.20473/mog.v24i12016.37-42 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 37

Author(s):

Annisa Trissatharra ◽

Sri Ratna Dwiningsih ◽

Ratna Sofaria Munir

Keyword(s):

Mus Musculus ◽

Ovarian Follicles ◽

Observation Time ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Group 4 ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Objectives: To identify the effect of monoclonal antibody bZP3 at ovarian follicles that undergo atresia and diameter of various ovarian follicles.Materials and Methods: This is a true experimental research with post only control group design. Samples were 36 female mices (Mus musculus) which is divided into 6 groups, there are 3 control groups (group 1, 2, and 3) injected by Phospatase Buffer Saline (PBS) 50µl and 3 treatment groups (group 4, 5, and 6) injected by Mab bZP3 50µl. Group 1 and 4 terminated at 5th day, group 2 and 5 terminated at 10th day, and group 3 and 6 terminated at 20th day. Evaluation of atretic ovarian follicles and diameter of ovarian follicles performed by hematoxylin eosin (HE) and the data processed by parametric statistic.Results: There are no significant in different among groups in the aspect of atretic follicles and diameter of folicles (p>0.05), but descriptively, number of follicles undergo atresia of the follicle primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment group was higher than the control group, except on the 20th day of observation time.Conclusion: administration of Mab bZP3 had no effect to amount of atretic follicles and diameter of folicles during observation time.

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Zingerone Ameliorates Hepatotoxicity

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11i1.1817 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 280-284 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Julietpoornamathy J ◽

Parameswari C.S.

Keyword(s):

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Toxic Compounds ◽

Group 4 ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 5 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Insight Into ◽

Group 1

In medical sciences, toxicity is an area wherein extensive studies have been carried to improve the diseases as well as to prevent. So, there is a high requirement for novel and improved alternative therapeutic strategies to manage diseases. The liver is the largest gland in the body, which executes several important mechanisms; it stores minerals and vitamins and releases them in periods of need. The main aim of this study was to give a closer insight into potent non- toxic compounds that is capable of modifying the responses. Animals were divided into five equal groups viz control (Group 1), administered with food and water ad libitum, (Group 2) administered with olive oil, (Group 3) administered with zingerone, (Group 4) administered with concanavalin A, (Group 5) administered with cyclosporine A followed by zingerone. Our results revealed significant changes in liver marker enzymes and liver histology of zingerone treated rats when compared to control rats. A corollary, zingerone has no toxic effect on hepatocytes and was found to be safe at a dose of 10mg/kg b wt and also ameliorates hepatotoxicity.

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Comparative evaluation of postoperative pain intensity after single-visit and multiple-visit retreatment cases: a prospective randomized clinical trial

Brazilian Dental Science ◽

10.14295/bds.2018.v21i1.1515 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 26 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hatice Miray Uyan ◽

Keziban Olcay ◽

Mutlu Özcan

Keyword(s):

Postoperative Pain ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Control Group ◽

Periapical Lesions ◽

Single Visit ◽

Group 4 ◽

Multiple Visit ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate postoperative pain after endodontic retreatment. Material and Methods: Asymptomatic, multi-rooted molar & premolar teeth requiring retreatment with 2–5 mm periapical lesions were included. Seventy-eight teeth were randomly placed in four groups (n=20): single-visit (control, group 1), Ledermix (group 2), metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, minocycline mixture (group 3), calcium hydroxide (group 4). The postoperative pain was recorded using a VAS at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after retreatment. Statistical evaluation was performed using Two-Way Repeated Measures ANOVA and Tukey test. Results: Mild pain occurred in 67.5%, moderate in 30%, and flare-ups in 2.5%, and there was a significant difference between the groups (p<0.01). Significantly lower postoperative pain was observed in TAP and CaOH2 groups(p<0.05). In the 6, 12, and 24 h intervals, there was a significant difference in the pain levels (p<0.05). Conclusion: TAP and CaOH2 are effective for reducing postoperative pain after retreatment.KeywordsIntracanal medicaments; Multiple-visit; Postoperative pain; Retreatment; Single-visit.

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