scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors forToxoplasma gondiiInfection in Healthy Blood Donors: A Cross-Sectional Study in Sonora, Mexico

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cosme Alvarado-Esquivel ◽  
Antonio Rascón-Careaga ◽  
Jesús Hernández-Tinoco ◽  
María Alba Guadalupe Corella-Madueño ◽  
Luis Francisco Sánchez-Anguiano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Cesarean Sections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Northern Mexico ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Blood Banks ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Toxoplasma gondii(T.gondii) can be transmitted by blood transfusion. We determined the prevalence ofT.gondiiinfection in healthy blood donors in Hermosillo city, Mexico, and the association of infection withT.gondiiwith the sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral characteristics of blood donors. Four hundred and eight blood donors who attended two public blood banks in Hermosillo city were examined for anti-T.gondiiIgG and IgM antibodies by using enzyme-linked immunoassays. Of the 408 blood donors (mean age31.77±9.52; range 18–60 years old) studied, 55 (13.5%) were positive for anti-T.gondiiIgG antibodies, and 12 (21.8%) of them were also positive for anti-T.gondiiIgM antibodies. Multivariate analysis showed that seropositivity toT.gondiiwas associated with age (OR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.03–2.94;P=0.03) and tobacco use (OR = 2.09; 95% CI: 1.02–4.29;P=0.04). Seropositivity toT. gondiiwas correlated with the number of pregnancies, deliveries, and cesarean sections. The seroprevalence ofT. gondiiinfection in blood donors in Sonora is the highest reported in blood donors in northern Mexico so far. This is the first report of an association ofT. gondiiexposure and tobacco use. Further research to confirm this association is needed.

scholarly journals A study on prevalence and pattern of tobacco uses and nicotine dependence among migrant labourers working in Pathanamthitta, Kerala

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1178
Author(s):  
Prathvimraj B. U. ◽  
Jubina Bency A. T.
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
General Observation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
High Level

Background: According to domestic labour migrant report about 2.35 lakh migrant workers continue to arrive every year to Kerala and they are comparatively neglected group in the society and high level of smoking and other modes of tobacco consumption is seen in this population on general observation. Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death in the world and linked to 90% of oral cancer in South East Asia and cigarette smokers are 8.6 times higher risk for lung cancer than non-smokers. These are attributed to nicotine and several harmful carcinogens in tobacco products. Objectives were to study the prevalence and pattern of tobacco use among migrant labourers and to assess the associated risk factors among the study participants.Methods: A cross sectional study was done in a district, Pathanamthitta, Kerala among migrant labourers over a period of 2 months using WHO steps questionnaire for tobacco consumption and Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence.Results: Majority of study participants belonged to age group of less than 25 years. 20.8% of the participants smoked nicotine products but only 1 participant had high dependence. The 75% of participants consumed smokeless tobacco products with 37% of those participants showing high dependence to the products.Conclusions: A field-based study will give an in depth understanding of problems of migrant population including their environment. It will also help in application of health planning and health education at community level.

scholarly journals Tobacco Usage among Dental Interns in Panchkula, Haryana, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Amarpreet Kaur ◽  
Amandeep Chopra ◽  
Satpreet Singh ◽  
Harkirat Kaur Aulakh ◽  
Vimmie Gill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Smoking Habits ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Current Cigarette ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire ◽  
Tobacco Usage

BACKGROUND: Tobacco use is one of the major preventable reasons for death. Despite this, its prevalence is increasing among dental students. For the purpose of advocacy of planning tobacco control and interventions, data on prevalence of tobacco usage is needed. AIM: To assess prevalence of tobacco usage among dental interns of district Panchkula, Haryana, India. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from July-September 2019 among dental interns of Panchkula using a self-administered questionnaire. Data based on demographic factors, smoking habits, and associated risk factors was collected. Descriptive analysis for demographic variables and smoking habits were analyzed using the SPSS 24.0 software. RESULT: The prevalence of current tobacco use was 29.54% (22.2% males and 6.8% females). Male interns were significantly more likely than female interns to be current cigarette smokers. On probing the cause of smoking, a majority of participants cited friends and stress as the main cause for smoking. The proportion of regular smokers whose parents smoke was more significant compared to occasional smokers. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of tobacco usage among dental interns is more in males as compared to females so dental interns need to be trained regarding anti-tobacco counselling.

scholarly journals A CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY OF THE PREVALENCE AND THE RISK FACTORS OF TOBACCO USE AMONGST CONSTRUCTION ARTISANS IN EKITI STATE, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Oluwatemitope Olomofe ◽  
Caryl Beynon ◽  
Kabir Adekunle Durowade ◽  
Oluwafunmike Ruth Olomofe
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Age Range

Background: Construction artisans are those who perform skilled work relating to the erection or assembly of a large structure. These artisans are prone to tobacco use. This study aims to assess the prevalence and the associated risk factors of tobacco use amongst construction artisans in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study employed a multi-stage sampling technique to select participants (carpenters and bricklayers) artisans, journeymen, and their apprentices who were working in Ekiti State. Chi-square and logistic regression were used to test for association in bivariate and multivariate analyses respectively. Results: The prevalence of ever-smoke amongst respondents was 19.3%. Multivariate analysis showed that artisans who were within the age range 31-40 years were four times more likely to use tobacco (OR=3.410; CI=1.476-7.878). Similarly, being in school and divorced/separated were associated with tobacco use. Conclusion: Noting the increased prevalence of tobacco use among construction artisans when compared to the general population, and few self-reported cases of addiction amongst users demands action from communities and government at all levels. Keywords Construction artisans, tobacco use, Nigeria

scholarly journals Transfusion-Transmitted Infections and associated risk factors at the Northern Zone Blood Transfusion Center in Tanzania: A study of blood donors between 2017 and 2019

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0249061
Author(s):  
Alex Mremi ◽  
James J. Yahaya ◽  
Mramba Nyindo ◽  
Edson Mollel
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Transfusion Center ◽  
Blood Transfusion Center ◽  
Northern Zone ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background Blood transfusion saves many people every year that would otherwise have died. The present study aimed to provide an update and insightful information regarding prevalence of the common Transfusion-Transmitted Infections (TTIs) and associated factors among blood donors in Tanzania. Methods This was a cross-sectional study involving retrospectively collected data of blood donors from the Tanzania Northern Zone Blood Transfusion Center between 2017 and 2019. Descriptive statistics were performed to describe characteristics of the blood donors. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to determine association between prevalence of TTIs and socio-demographic factors. P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 101, 616 blood donors were included in the present study of which 85,053(83.7%) were males while 16,563 (16.3%) were females. Of all participants, the majority 45,400 (44.7%) were aged between 18 and 25 years; 79,582 (78.3%) were voluntary non-remunerated donors while 22,034 (21.7%) were replacement donors. The vast majority of them 99,626 (98%) were first time blood donors while 1990 (2%) were multiple donors. The overall prevalence of TTIs was 10.1% (10,226 out of 101,616) of which the leading was HBV accounting for 5.1% (5,264 out of 101,616). Being a replacement donor was associated with all the four types of TTIs: HIV (AOR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.10–1.35), HBV (AOR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.27–1.44), HCV (AOR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.12–1.46), and syphilis (AOR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.20–1.48). Conclusions Our study has demonstrated that Tanzania has relatively high prevalence of TTIs compared to some countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. HBV infection seems to be the most common infection among blood donors and replacement blood donors are at a higher risk of harboring the commonest TTIs among blood donors.

scholarly journals Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection Fatality Rate Among Elderly Danes: A Cross-sectional Study on Retired Blood Donors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ole Birger Pedersen ◽  
Janna Nissen ◽  
Khoa Manh Dinh ◽  
Michael Schwinn ◽  
Kathrine Agergård Kaspersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Assay Sensitivity ◽  
Blood Banks

Abstract Background Although the vast majority of individuals succumbing to infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are elderly, infection fatality rate (IFR) estimates for the age group ≥70 years are still scarce. To this end, we assessed SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among retired blood donors and combined it with national coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survey data to provide reliable population-based IFR estimates for this age group. Methods We identified 60 926 retired blood donors aged ≥70 years in the rosters of 3 regionwide Danish blood banks and invited them to fill in a questionnaire on COVID-19–related symptoms and behaviors. Among 24 861 (40.8%) responders, we invited a random sample of 3200 individuals for blood testing. Overall, 1201 (37.5%) individuals were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (Wantai) and compared with 1110 active blood donors aged 17–69 years. Seroprevalence 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were adjusted for assay sensitivity and specificity. Results Among retired (aged ≥70 years) and active (aged 17–69 years) blood donors, adjusted seroprevalences were 1.4% (95% CI, .3–2.5%) and 2.5% (95% CI, 1.3–3.8%), respectively. Using available population data on COVID-19–related fatalities, IFRs for patients aged ≥70 years and for 17–69 years were estimated at 5.4% (95% CI, 2.7–6.4%) and .083% (95% CI, .054–.18%), respectively. Only 52.4% of SARS-CoV-2–seropositive retired blood donors reported having been sick since the start of the pandemic. Conclusions COVID-19 IFR in the age group &gt;69 years is estimated to be 65 times the IFR for people aged 18–69 years.

scholarly journals Magnitude of spontaneous preterm birth and its associated factors among preterm birth in NICU wards in Asella Teaching and Referral Hospital, Asella, Oromia, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 030006052110346
Author(s):  
Techane Sisay Tuji ◽  
Addisu Dabi Wake ◽  
Gezahegn Badeg Adere ◽  
Aselefu Beka Wedajo ◽  
Batu Dekeba Obole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Spontaneous Preterm Birth ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Objective To assess the prevalence of spontaneous preterm births and to identify the associated risk factors. Methods This single-centre cross-sectional study enrolled women that experienced a preterm birth as registered on the neonatal log-book between 30 December 2019 and 30 December 2020. A pre-tested structured checklist was used to collect data (sociodemographic characteristics; obstetric-related factors; medical history; and pregnancy-related factors). Bivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to identify factors associated with spontaneous preterm birth. A multivariate model identified significant independent risk factors. Results A total of 310 patients participated in the study. The prevalence of spontaneous preterm birth in this population was 67.1% (208 of 310; 95% confidence interval [CI] 61.5, 71.9). Patients without a partner (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.470, 95% CI 1.23, 4.42), patients residing in a rural area (AOR = 2.51, 95% CI 1.123, 5.513) and those with a history of PIH during their current pregnancy (AOR = 0.104, 95% CI 0.053, 0.014) were significantly more likely to have a spontaneous preterm birth. Conclusion The prevalence of spontaneous preterm birth in in this study was high. Healthcare providers and all stakeholders should focus on screening pregnant women at the risk of spontaneous preterm birth.

scholarly journals Prevalence of dysmenorrhoea, associated risk factors and its relationship with academic performance among graduating female university students in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e043814
Author(s):  
Mesfin Tadese ◽  
Andargachew Kassa ◽  
Abebaw Abeje Muluneh ◽  
Girma Altaye
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
University Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

ObjectivesThe study aimed to provide an association between dysmenorrhoea and academic performance among university students in Ethiopia. Further, the study attempts to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of dysmenorrhoea.Design and methodInstitution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 April to 28 April 2019. A semistructured and pretested self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Binary logistic regression analysis and one-way analysis of variance were performed to model dysmenorrhoea and academic performance, respectively.Setting and participantsEthiopia (2019: n=647 female university students).OutcomesThe primary outcome is dysmenorrhoea, which has been defined as painful menses that prevents normal activity and requires medication. The self-reported cumulative grade point average of students was used as a proxy measure of academic performance, which is the secondary outcome.ResultsThe prevalence of dysmenorrhoea was 317 (51.5%). The educational status of father (adjusted OR (AOR) (95% CI) 2.64 (1.04 to 6.66)), chocolate consumption (AOR (95% CI) 3.39 (95% 1.28 to 8.93)), daily breakfast intake (<5 days/week) (AOR (95% CI) 0.63 (0.42 to 0.95)), irregular menstrual cycle AOR (95% CI) 2.34 (1.55 to 3.54)) and positive family history of dysmenorrhoea AOR (95% CI) 3.29 (2.25 to 4.81)) had statistically significant association with dysmenorrhoea. There was no statistically significant difference in academic performance among students with and without dysmenorrhoea (F (3611)=1.276, p=0.28)).ConclusionsDysmenorrhoea was a common health problem among graduating University students. However, it has no statistically significant impact on academic performance. Reproductive health officers should educate and undermine the negative academic consequences of dysmenorrhoea to reduce the physical and psychological stress that happens to females and their families.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus in risk populations and blood donors in a referral hospital in the south of Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa Boff Costa ◽  
Michele Soares Gomes Gouvêa ◽  
Samira Chuffi ◽  
Gustavo Hirata Dellavia ◽  
Felipe Ornel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Populations At Risk

AbstractThe prevalence of anti-hepatitis E virus (HEV) antibodies has a high heterogeneity worldwide. South American data are still scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of HEV in populations at risk in comparison to blood donors (BD). A cross-sectional study was carried out in adults of different risk populations including crack users (CK), residents in a low income area (LIA), cirrhotic (CIR) and liver transplant patients (LT) compared with BD. The WANTAI HEV ELISA test was used and real-time PCR (in-house for screening and ALTONA as confirmatory test) for HEV RNA screening. A total of 400 participants were included. Anti-HEV IgG was positive in 19.5% of the total sample, reaching the highest rate in the CIR group, 22.5%, followed by CK, LT, and LIA (20%, 18.7%, and 17.5%, respectively). The prevalence found in BD individuals was of 18.7% (p = NS). Anti-HEV IgM was positive in only 1.5% of the sample (6/400). No blood or stools samples were positive for HEV RNA. The seroprevalence reported is among the highest rates ever found in Brazil. Considering the intense diagnostic investigation, data show that HEV circulation is more common that might be expected in our country.

scholarly journals Changes in Tobacco Use Patterns during COVID-19 and Their Correlates among Older Adults in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1779
Author(s):  
Sabuj Kanti Mistry ◽  
Armm Mehrab Ali ◽  
Md. Ashfikur Rahman ◽  
Uday Narayan Yadav ◽  
Bhawna Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The present study explored the changes in tobacco use patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic and their correlates among older adults in Bangladesh. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 1032 older adults aged ≥60 years in Bangladesh through telephone interviews in October 2020. Participants’ characteristics and COVID-19-related information were gathered using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Participants were asked if they noted any change in their tobacco use patterns (smoking or smokeless tobacco) during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to pre-pandemic (6 months prior to the survey). Nearly half of the participants (45.6%) were current tobacco users, of whom 15.9% reported increased tobacco use during the COVID-19 pandemic and all others had no change in their tobacco use patterns. Tobacco use was significantly increased among the participants from rural areas, who had reduced communications during COVID-19 compared to pre-pandemic (OR = 2.76, 95%CI:1.51–5.03). Participants who were aged ≥70 years (OR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.14–0.77), widowed (OR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.13–1.00), had pre-existing, non-communicable, and/or chronic conditions (OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.25–0.78), and felt themselves at the highest risk of COVID-19 (OR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.15–0.62), had significantly lower odds of increased tobacco use. Policy makers and practitioners need to focus on strengthening awareness and raising initiatives to avoid tobacco use during such a crisis period.

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