Prevalence, Etiology, and Risk Factors of Tinea Pedis and Tinea Unguium in Tunisia

Background. Foot mycoses are a frequent disease that represents a public health problem worldwide.Objectives. This study aims to evaluate the epidemiology of foot mycoses among Tunisian patients, in order to determine the fungal etiological agents and to identify possible risk factors.Patients and Methods. A prospective study of three hundred and ninety-two patients was undertaken during one year (2013-2014). All subjects were asked to collect demographic data related to the risk factors of foot mycoses. A complete mycological diagnosis was carried out on all patients.Results. A total of 485 samples were collected; tinea pedis and tinea unguium were confirmed in 88.2% of cases. Dermatophytes were isolated in 70.5% and the most frequent pathogen wasTrichophyton rubrum(98.1%), followed by yeasts (17.7%) commonlyCandida parapsilosis. Non-dermatophyte molds (NDMs) were observed in 8.02% cases andFusariumsp. was the frequent genus (29.1%). The main predisposing factors of fungal foot infections were practicing ritual washing (56.6%) and frequentation of communal showers (50.5%).Conclusion. This is a recent survey of foot mycoses in Tunisia. Epidemiological studies can be useful to eradicate these infections and to provide further measures of hygiene and education.

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Are inflatable play structures really safe for our children?

Journal of Children s Orthopaedics ◽

10.1302/1863-2548.12.170191 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 282-287 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L. Corominas ◽

A. Fernandez-Ansorena ◽

P. Martinez-Cepas ◽

J. Sanpera ◽

A. Obieta

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Prospective Study ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Anatomical Location ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Adult Supervision ◽

Female Children ◽

One Year ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

And Control

PurposeThe frequency of injuries sustained while playing on inflatable toys such as bouncy castles have rapidly increased. These supposedly safe structures are likely unsafe. The objective of this review was to investigate the risk that these attractions represent and the necessary measures to minimize risk of accidents.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study of 114 patients over a period of one year (2015 to 2016). Demographic data collected included: age, gender, anatomical location and side of involvement as well as supervision of the child whilst on the bouncy castle. The extracted data include mechanism of injury and risk factors, i.e. lack of supervision of the child, amounts of users jumping at the same time.ResultsThe injuries were slightly more frequent in male than female children; 2:1 up to six years of age. From the age of ten to 14 years the ration evened to 1:1, the higher incidence in female children was between the ages of six to eight years. The most common injuries were to the humerus, followed by the distal radius. Only 28% of the parents said they were supervising while the child was jumping.ConclusionInjuries associated with inflatable bouncers have increased over time. The main risk factors: were lack of effective adult supervision and the shared use by an excessive number of participants of different ages and weights. These considerations lead to the conclusion that there is a necessity to enhance child health surveillance and to consider limiting bouncer usage to children over the age of six years, to prevent and control injuries and to minimize their consequences.Level of EvidenceII - prospective study

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Prevalence of Tinea unguium (Onychomycosis) in Toe Nails of boot wearing group (The Footballers) in Owerri, Imo State. Nigeria

Access Microbiology ◽

10.1099/acmi.ac2020.po0270 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (7A) ◽

Author(s):

Chinyere Ohalete ◽

Joy Dike-Ndudim ◽

Treasure Njokuobi

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Confirmatory Test ◽

Fungal Culture ◽

Age Group ◽

Tinea Unguium ◽

Imo State ◽

Mycological Diagnosis ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

Toe Nails

Foot mycoses are a frequent disease that represents a public health problem worldwide. This study aims to evaluate the epidemiology of foot mycoses among footballers in Owerri, Imo State, in order to determine the fungal etiological agents and to identify possible risk factors. To investigate the treatment and preventive measures for the susceptible groups. A total of 485 samples were collected; tinea unguium were confirmed in 88.2% of cases. A prospective study of fifty footballers was undertaken during one year (2018-2019). A complete mycological diagnosis was carried out on all footballers. The results obtained showed that out of the 50 toe nails samples of footballers examined, 28(56.0%) had positive cases of the infection on direct microscopy which served as the screening test. The causative pathogens of Onychomycosis isolated from fungal culture are dermatophytes , and the most frequent pathogen was Trichophyton rubrum 15(30.0%), yeast Candida albicans 9(18.0%). Non-dermatophyte molds were observed in 8(16.0%) cases and Fusarium sp. was the frequent genus 14(28.0%)and Aspergillus sp. 4(8.0%). The main predisposing factors of fungal foot infections were practicing ritual washing (56.6%) and frequentation of communal showers (50.5%). Confirmatory test such as germ-tube test was done on the Candida albicans isolate for proper identification. The age group 31- 35 years had the highest prevalence of onychomycosis 12(92.31%) and age group 16-20 years presented the lowest prevalence of onychomycosis 4(28.57%). Proper care of toe nails and boots is necessary to prevent the increasing rate of this infection.

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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Infection with Soil Transmitted Helminths in Children from Bandjoun, the West Region of Cameroon

International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health ◽

10.9734/ijtdh/2020/v41i1730373 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 34-43

Author(s):

Vanessa Rosine Nkouayep ◽

Peter Nejsum ◽

Dzune Fossouo Dirane Cleopas ◽

Noumedem Anangmo Christelle Nadia ◽

Atiokeng Tatang Rostand Joël ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

School Age Children ◽

National Programme ◽

Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽

Ancylostoma Duodenale ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Stool Samples ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Background: Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) continue to be a public health problem in developing countries. In Bandjoun, annual deworming is usually administered to school-age children through the national programme for the control of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis in Cameroon. However, official data on the level of STH infections are scarce in this locality. Methods: We investigated the prevalence and associated risk factors of STHs among children in Bandjoun with the intention to help design future intervention plans. We obtained demographic data and potential risk factors through the interview of children using a structured questionnaire. Stool samples from these children were collected and examined for helminth eggs using Willis’ technique. Results: Three STHs were identified with an overall prevalence of 8.7%. These nematodes were Ascaris lumbricoides (8.3%), Trichuris trichiura (0.3%) and hookworms (Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus) (0.7%). Failure to wash hands before meals (AOR: 2.152 [1.056-4.389]) was the main predictor associated with Ascaris infections. Not eating food picked up from the ground (AOR: 0.494 [0.261-0.937]) and not raising pigs at home (AOR: 0.109 [0.045-0.268]) reduced risk of infection. Conclusion: We recommend that STHs control interventions in Bandjoun focus on the good management of domesticated pigs, the avoidance of contact with soil and handwashing from the earliest ages as a part of daily hygiene practice.

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A prospective Study of Cranial Injuries: A Review of Management Traumatic brain Injury

Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery ◽

10.31579/2578-8868/195 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 01-02

Author(s):

Presnall Rabas ◽

Polozar Norbert

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cranial Nerve ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Quantitative Estimation ◽

Seat Belt ◽

Head Injuries ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Traumatic Amnesia ◽

A Prospective Study

Head injuries (HI) are one of the most common causes of death, morbidity and disabilities in young adults. Epidemiological studies allow a quantitative estimation in terms of incidence and a qualitative estimate for the identification of risk factors in specific populations. These estimates may enable appropriate prevention programs. Estimates of annual incidence rates depend on territories, periods and methodological tools. Annual rates for hospitalized patients are found between 150 and 300/100,000 inhabitants. Severity of HI can be assessed by the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) or the Post-Traumatic Amnesia duration. Annual incidences of severe HI will depend on the selected score: around 25/100,000 inhabitants for cerebral trauma with intracranial injuries, around 9/100,000 for the most severe HI, with an AIS maximum of 5 with coma. The male:female ratio increases with degree of severity. Traffic accidents were the most frequent cause of HI. Many patients have associated injuries, worsening the outcome. Some risk factors are considered. Preventive measures are mainly conducted for traffic accidents, and include speed limit and regulations on helmet or seat belt use. Results of these measures are analysed Postoperative dysfunction affected one cranial nerve in 25 patients, two nerves in four and three nerves in one patient. Most cranial nerve injuries were asymptomatic or mild in severity, resolved in one to 12 months and probably were caused by intraoperative retraction.

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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Tinea Unguium and Tinea Pedis in the General Population in Spain

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.38.9.3226-3230.2000 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 38 (9) ◽

pp. 3226-3230 ◽

Cited By ~ 105

Author(s):

Sofia Perea ◽

Maria Jose Ramos ◽

Margarita Garau ◽

Alba Gonzalez ◽

Antonio R. Noriega ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Tinea Pedis ◽

Adult Population ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽

Tinea Unguium ◽

General Adult Population ◽

And Gender ◽

Etiological Agents ◽

Positive Direct

This study prospectively evaluated the prevalence and risk factors of tinea unguium and tinea pedis in the general adult population in Madrid, Spain. One thousand subjects were clinically examined, and samples of nails and scales from the interdigital spaces of the feet were taken from those patients presenting with signs or symptoms of onychomycosis and/or tinea pedis, respectively. In addition, a sample from the fourth interdigital space of both feet was collected from all individuals with a piece of sterilized wool carpet. Tinea unguium was defined as a positive direct examination with potassium hydroxide and culture of the etiological agent from subjects with clinically abnormal nails. Patients with positive dermatophyte cultures of foot specimens were considered to have tinea pedis. The prevalence of tinea unguium was 2.8% (4.0% for men and 1.7% for women), and the prevalence of tinea pedis was 2.9% (4.2% for men and 1.7% for women). The etiological agents of tinea unguium were identified asTrichopyton rubrum (82.1%), followed by Trichopyton mentagrophytes var. interdigitale (14.3%) andTrichopyton tonsurans (3.5%). Trichophyton rubrum (44.8%) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes(44.8%), followed by Epidermophyton floccosum (7%) andT. tonsurans (3.4%), were the organisms isolated from patients with tinea pedis. The percentage of subjects who suffered simultaneously from both diseases was 1.1% (1.7% for men and 0.6% for women). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, age (relative risk [RR], 1.03) and gender (RR, 2.50) were independent risk factors for tinea unguium, while only gender (RR, 2.65) was predictive for the occurrence of tinea pedis. In both analyses, the presence of one of the two conditions was associated with a higher risk for the appearance of the other disease (RR, >25).

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Prevalence of Dermatophytic Infection and the Spectrum of Dermatophytes in Patients Attending a Tertiary Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

International Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2015/653419 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Gebreabiezgi Teklebirhan ◽

Adane Bitew

Keyword(s):

Tinea Pedis ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Age Group ◽

Tinea Unguium ◽

Public Health Significance ◽

Common Pathogen ◽

Health Significance ◽

Culture Positive

Background. Dermatophytosis is common worldwide and continues to increase.Objective. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of dermatophytosis and the spectrum of ringworm fungi in patients attending a tertiary hospital.Methods. Samples were collected from 305 patients. A portion of each sample was examined microscopically and the remaining portion of each sample was cultured onto plates of Sabouraud’s dextrose agar containing chloramphenicol with and without cycloheximide. Dermatophyte isolates were identified by studying macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of their colonies.Result. Of 305 samples, fungi were detected in 166 (54.4%) by KOH of which 95 were dermatophytes while 242 (79.4%) samples were culture positive of which 130 isolates were dermatophytes. Among dermatophyte isolatesT. violaceumwas the most common (37.7%) cause of infection. Tinea unguium was the predominant clinical manifestation accounting for 51.1% of the cases. Patients with age group 25–44 and 45–64 years were more affected.T. violaceumwas the most common pathogen in tinea unguium and tinea capitis, whereasT. mentagrophyteswas the most common pathogen in tinea pedis.Conclusion. Further intensive epidemiological studies of ring worm fungus induced dermatophytosis which have public health significance are needed.

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A prospective study of cases of urolithiasis with reference to risk factors, surgery and outcomes

International Surgery Journal ◽

10.18203/2349-2902.isj20184687 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (12) ◽

pp. 3826

Author(s):

Ramalinga Reddy Rachamalla ◽

Rajasekhar Konduru

Keyword(s):

Demographic Data ◽

Renal Calculi ◽

Good Alternative ◽

Urinary Stone ◽

Stone Disease ◽

P Value ◽

Common Symptom ◽

Ethical Committee Approval ◽

One Year ◽

A Prospective Study

Background: Urinary stone disease or Urolithiasis is on a surge of increase with an incidence of 6.3% among men and 4.1% among women. The site of development of the calculi is variable and dependable on various factors. The aim of study was to identify the various predisposing and causative factors, with clinical presentations and complications and to identify identifying various modalities of treatment.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted for a period of one year after ethical committee approval. All the cases of Urolithiasis confirmed by ultra-sonogram was included and socio demographic data, clinical and laboratory investigations were performed on all the cases and the data was entered in Microsoft excel and analyzed. Surgical approach to all the cases were recorded.Results: 150 cases with 64% males and 36% females were included in the study and mean age was 38.21 years. Pain abdomen was the most common symptom. Calculus was most common on right side with upper pole of the kidney being most common site of calculus in the study. Mean size of calculus in the study was 12.5mm. Statistically significant association was found with Diabetes mellitus, Obesity and low water intake (P value <0.05) in the study. Ureteroscopy (URS) was performed in 36 cases (24%), PCNL in 22 cases (14.67%), ECSWL in 46 (30.67%), cystolithotomy in 34 (22.67%) and urethral extraction in 12 cases (8%).Conclusions: For renal calculi, PCNL is the best treatment modality as of now, but it is associated with greater post-operative morbidity. For stone less than 1cm size, ECSWL is a good alternative to PCNL, but has poor clearance rate and thus greater need for auxiliary procedure. For ureteral calculi, both ECSWL and ureteroscopy have given good results but ECSWL is better tolerated by the patients.

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Rhinoconjunctivitis among Adolescents in Kuwait and Associated Risk Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2019/3981064 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ali H. Ziyab ◽

Yaser M. Ali

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Variance Estimation ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Clinical History ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Parental History ◽

Major Illness

Rhinoconjunctivitis is a public health problem that causes major illness and disability worldwide. Epidemiological studies intended to determine the burden of rhinoconjunctivitis in Kuwait are limited. Hence, this study sought to estimate the prevalence of rhinoconjunctivitis among adolescents in Kuwait and explore its association with different risk factors. Schoolchildren aged 11–14 years (n = 3,864) were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Parents completed questionnaires regarding their children’s clinical history and symptoms of rhinoconjunctivitis and relevant exposures. Associations were assessed using Poisson regression with robust variance estimation, and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. The 12-month (current) prevalence estimates of rhinitis, rhinoconjunctivitis, and severe rhinoconjunctivitis were 28.6% (1,040/3,643), 13.5% (497/3,689), and 1.2% (44/3,689), respectively. The prevalence of current rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms was higher in boys compared to girls (aPR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.01–1.41). Parental history of rhinitis and asthma showed positive associations with rhinoconjunctivitis in offspring. Trend analyses showed that rhinoconjunctivitis prevalence decreased with increasing numbers of total siblings (aPR = 0.92, Ptrend<0.001) and older siblings (aPR = 0.90, Ptrend<0.001). Rhinoconjunctivitis is common among adolescents in Kuwait and its epidemiology is similar to that found in western countries.

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Stopping of the Downtrend of Tuberculosis in Iran, a Systematic Review of Associated Risk Factors

Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871526519666181228162837 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 367-373

Author(s):

Manouchehr Fadaee ◽

Jalil Rashedi ◽

Sepideh Arabi ◽

Behroz Mahdavi Poor ◽

Hossein Samadi Kafil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

Mdr Tb ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Drug Resistant Strains ◽

Hiv Aids

Tuberculosis (TB) is a public health problem in developing countries. In recent decades, the incidence of the disease has been gradually reducing in Iran. However, the reducing incidence of the disease has stopped in the country during recent years. It could be due to an increase in immigration, diabetes, HIV/AIDS, and the prevalence of drug-resistant strains. In order to prevent the spread of TB cases and control this disease, it is essential to identify the predisposing factors, which may be related to bacteria, host and environment. The objective of the present systematic review was to investigate the role of potentially effective factors in the increase in TB cases in the country. The epidemiological studies that had considered the risk factors for the development of TB in populations from different regions of Iran were reviewed systematically from the beginning of 2007 to the end of June 2017 in electronic databases. Upon evaluation of the literature, these 7 major risk factors were identified in twenty-five eligible studies, including poor living conditions, drug abuse, HIV/AIDS, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), diabetes, migration, and smoking. In conclusion, the increase in predisposing risk factors for catching TB, especially the migration and Beijing strain, shows that in the absence of accurate monitoring, TB cases will increase in the near future in Iran.

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