scholarly journals Evaluation of BOX-PCR and ERIC-PCR as Molecular Typing Tools for PathogenicLeptospira

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley Maurice Bilung ◽  
Chai Fung Pui ◽  
Lela Su’ut ◽  
Kasing Apun
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Zoonotic Pathogen ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Typing Methods ◽  
Discriminatory Index

In the last decades, leptospirosis had gained public health concern due to morbidity and mortality rates caused by pathogenicLeptospira. The need for rapid and robust molecular typing methods to differentiate this zoonotic pathogen is of utmost importance. Various studies had been conducted to determine the genetic relatedness ofLeptospiraisolates using molecular typing methods. In this study, 29 pathogenicLeptospiraisolates from rat, soil, and water samples in Sarawak, Malaysia, were characterized using BOX-PCR and ERIC-PCR. The effectiveness of these two methods with regard to the ease of interpretation, reproducibility, typeability, and discriminatory power was also being evaluated. Using BOX-PCR, six clusters and 3 single isolates were defined at a genetic distance percentage of 11.2%. ERIC-PCR clustered the isolates into 6 clusters and 2 single isolates at a genetic distance percentage of 6.8%. Both BOX-PCR and ERIC-PCR produced comparable results though the discriminatory index for ERIC-PCR (0.826) was higher than that for BOX-PCR (0.809). From the constructed dendrogram, it could be summarized that the isolates in this study were highly heterogeneous and genetically diverse. The findings from this study indicated that there is no genetic relatedness among the pathogenicLeptospiraisolates in relation to the locality, source, and identity, with some exceptions. Out of the 29 pathogenicLeptospiraisolates studied, BOX-PCR and ERIC-PCR successfully discriminated 4 isolates (2 isolates each) into the same cluster in relation to sample sources, as well as 2 isolates into the same cluster in association with the sample locality. Future studies shall incorporate the use of other molecular typing methods to make a more thorough comparison on the genetic relatedness of pathogenicLeptospira.

scholarly journals Comparison of four molecular typing methods to assess genetic relatedness of Candida albicans clinical isolates in Taiwan

2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo-Wei Chen ◽  
Hsiu-Jung Lo ◽  
Yu-Hui Lin ◽  
Shu-Ying Li
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Discriminatory Power ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
High Discriminatory Power ◽  
Typing Methods ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Genetic Profiles

This report describes the investigation of the genetic profiles of 53 Candida albicans isolates collected from 18 hospitals in Taiwan using three PFGE-based typing methods (PFGE karyotyping, and PFGE of SfiI and BssHII restriction fragments) and one repetitive-sequence-PCR (rep-PCR) method. All four methods were able to identify clonal related isolates from the same patients. PFGE-BssHII exhibited the highest discriminatory power by discriminating 40 genotypes, followed by PFGE-SfiI (35 genotypes) and then by rep-PCR (31 genotypes), while PFGE karyotyping exhibited the lowest discriminatory power (19 genotypes). High discriminatory power can also be achieved by combining typing methods with different typing mechanisms, such as rep-PCR and PFGE-based typing methods. The results also showed that the genotype of each isolate was patient-specific and not associated with the source of the isolation, geographic origin or antifungal resistance.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of rotavirus vaccine in the prevention of diarrhoeal diseases among children under age five years in Kavango East and West Regions, Namibia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Magesa ◽  
Marian Sankombo ◽  
Fillipine Nakakuwa
Keyword(s):  
Health Information System ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Anecdotal Evidence ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
District Health ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
East And West

Background: Diarrheal diseases due to rotavirus infection contribute greatly to morbidity and mortality rates of babies and young children in many developing countries. This public health concern can effectively be reduced by the use of the rotavirus vaccine, though there is an anecdotal evidence indicating that despite introduction of the vaccine the number of cases of diarrhoea diseases are still high in Namibia, particularly in Kavango east and west regions. Objective: This study evaluated the effectiveness of the rotavirus vaccine in preventing diarrhoea cases among children under age five years in Kavango regions. Methods: The study employed a quasiexperimental design comparing diarrhoea cases before (2010-2013) and after (2014- 2017) introduction of the rotavirus vaccine among children under age five years. Data were extracted from District Health Information System version 2 and analysed by using one way analysis of covariance. Results: Before introduction of the rotavirus vaccine, there were 14 500 diarrhoea cases, which is 1.6% rate of infection. After introduction of the rotavirus vaccine, there were 14 400 diarrhoea cases, which is 1.58% rate of infection. This is supported by the effect size (partial eta2) of 0.01%, which is very small. The trend of diarrhoea cases after rotavirus vaccine introduction fluctuated with no major decline of diarrhoea cases. Conclusions: The study concluded that rotavirus vaccine is less effective in preventing diarrhoea diseases among children under age five years in the Kavango regions. Further research is needed to substantiate these findings as other factors can contribute to fluctuation of diarrhoea cases.

scholarly journals Occurrence of VIM-4 metallo-β-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an Algerian hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 284-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manel Merradi ◽  
Ahmed Kassah-Laouar ◽  
Ammar Ayachi ◽  
Nouzha Heleili ◽  
Taha Menasria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Broad Spectrum Resistance ◽  
Typing Methods ◽  
Burns Unit ◽  
Encoding Genes

Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common nosocomial pathogens, known with a wide resistance to antimicrobials. Carbapenemases producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a growing global public health concern as this pathogen is easily transmissible among patients. Metallo-Beta-lactamases is the most important class of these carbapenemases with their broad-spectrum resistance profile. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of MBL-producing P. aeruginosa collected in an Algerian hospital. Methodology: All Metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing P. aeruginosa isolates recovered from patients during a 2 years period (2015-2016) were studied using a combination of phenotypic and molecular typing methods (susceptibility testing, molecular characterization of carbapenemase-encoding genes, multi-locus sequence typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis). Results: A total of twenty-six MBL producing P. aeruginosa of 188 isolates were investigated. The burns unit ranked in the first position of the majority of identified cases with 73.07%. About 73.07% of total MBL isolates were mainly isolated from pus samples. The studied isolates were subjected to the molecular typing, in which 4 different Dra1-PFGE patterns and 3 sequences type were assigned (ST244, ST381, and ST1076), and all isolates were revealed positive for VIM-4. Conclusions: We report the third description of blaVIM-4 in Algeria indicating the emergence and spread of carbapenemase-encoding genes among P. aeruginosa in the hospital environment.

An Overview of Dementias

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Venkata Vijaya K. Dalai ◽  
Jason E. Childress ◽  
Paul E Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Common ◽  
Neurodegenerative Dementias ◽  
Made In

Dementia is a major public health concern that afflicts an estimated 24.3 million people worldwide. Great strides are being made in order to better diagnose, prevent, and treat these disorders. Dementia is associated with multiple complications, some of which can be life-threatening, such as dysphagia. There is great variability between dementias in terms of when dysphagia and other swallowing disorders occur. In order to prepare the reader for the other articles in this publication discussing swallowing issues in depth, the authors of this article will provide a brief overview of the prevalence, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, current treatment options, and implications for eating for the common forms of neurodegenerative dementias.

Reframing Fatness: Critiquing ‘Obesity’

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethan Evans ◽  
Charlotte Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Policy Language ◽  
Religious Imagery ◽  
Fat Bodies

Over the last twenty years or so, fatness, pathologised as overweight and obesity, has been a core public health concern around which has grown a lucrative international weight loss industry. Referred to as a ‘time bomb’ and ‘the terror within’, analogies of ‘war’ circulate around obesity, framing fatness as enemy.2 Religious imagery and cultural and moral ideologies inform medical, popular and policy language with the ‘sins’ of ‘gluttony’ and ‘sloth’, evoked to frame fat people as immoral at worst and unknowledgeable victims at best, and understandings of fatness intersect with gender, class, age, sexuality, disability and race to make some fat bodies more problematically fat than others. As Evans and Colls argue, drawing on Michel Foucault, a combination of medical and moral knowledges produces the powerful ‘obesity truths’ through which fatness is framed as universally abject and pathological. Dominant and medicalised discourses of fatness (as obesity) leave little room for alternative understandings.

European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption: the ESAC programme

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (32) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Antimicrobial Consumption ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Major Public Health Concern

Resistance to antimicrobials has become a major public health concern, and it has been shown that there is a relationship, albeit complex, between antimicrobial resistance and consumption

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