scholarly journals Optimization of oil extraction process from blended sludge and algae for biodiesel production

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-211
Author(s):  
Desalegn Abdissa
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Edible Oil ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Maximum Point

Abstract Sewage sludge is one of the most polluting wastes that affect the environment, which contains organic and inorganic pollutants released into the surroundings. Using non-renewable energy for the engine also releases large amounts of pollutants results from combustion products was other issues to the environment. The decline of non-renewable energy sources, such as natural gas, fossil fuel, and petroleum made the world increase the production of alternative fuels like waste-derived fuels. Recently, biodiesel production developed from edible oil to cover the depilation of non-renewable energy supply. But it has also become a significant challenge for food security. Therefore, finding other potential opportunities for lipid extraction is crucial. Algae and sludge conversion presented by recent studies seem to be a promising method. The paper presents the extraction and optimization of lipids from blended sludge and algae for biodiesel production. The procedure of the study was a characterization of algal and sludge wastes, the extraction of the lipid component by Soxhlet extraction, and the parameters optimization for maximum oil yield obtain. Temperature, extraction time, and solvents were the basic factor affect oil extraction yield. In the optimization 80 temperature, 6hrs time and hexane solvent results in 61% oil extraction yield which maximum point. Algae and wastewater sludge high potential of lipid and can be substitute edible oil supplies for biodiesel production.

scholarly journals Exergy analysis of conventional and hydrothermal liquefaction–esterification processes of microalgae for biodiesel production

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 874-881
Author(s):  
Laras Prasakti ◽  
Sangga Hadi Pratama ◽  
Ardian Fauzi ◽  
Yano Surya Pradana ◽  
Arief Budiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Exergy Analysis ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Exergy Loss ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Land Utilization

AbstractAs fossil fuels were depleting at an alarming rate, the development of renewable energy has become necessary. One of the promising renewable energy to be used is biodiesel. The interest in using third-generation feedstock, which is microalgae, is rapidly growing. The use of third-generation biodiesel feedstock will be more beneficial as it does not compete with food crop use and land utilization. The advantageous characteristic which sets microalgae apart from other biomass sources is that microalgae have high biomass yield. Conventionally, microalgae biodiesel is produced by lipid extraction followed by transesterification. In this study, combination process between hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and esterification is explored. The HTL process is one of the biomass thermochemical conversion methods to produce liquid fuel. In this study, the HTL process will be coupled with esterification, which takes fatty acid from HTL as raw material for producing biodiesel. Both the processes will be studied by simulating with Aspen Plus and thermodynamic analysis in terms of energy and exergy. Based on the simulation process, it was reported that both processes demand similar energy consumption. However, exergy analysis shows that total exergy loss of conventional exergy loss is greater than the HTL-esterification process.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review on Oil Extraction and Biodiesel Production Technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 788
Author(s):  
Zulqarnain ◽  
Muhammad Ayoub ◽  
Mohd Hizami Mohd Yusoff ◽  
Muhammad Hamza Nazir ◽  
Imtisal Zahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Waste Oils ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Production Technologies

Dependence on fossil fuels for meeting the growing energy demand is damaging the world’s environment. There is a dire need to look for alternative fuels that are less potent to greenhouse gas emissions. Biofuels offer several advantages with less harmful effects on the environment. Biodiesel is synthesized from the organic wastes produced extensively like edible, non-edible, microbial, and waste oils. This study reviews the feasibility of the state-of-the-art feedstocks for sustainable biodiesel synthesis such as availability, and capacity to cover a significant proportion of fossil fuels. Biodiesel synthesized from oil crops, vegetable oils, and animal fats are the potential renewable carbon-neutral substitute to petroleum fuels. This study concludes that waste oils with higher oil content including waste cooking oil, waste palm oil, and algal oil are the most favorable feedstocks. The comparison of biodiesel production and parametric analysis is done critically, which is necessary to come up with the most appropriate feedstock for biodiesel synthesis. Since the critical comparison of feedstocks along with oil extraction and biodiesel production technologies has never been done before, this will help to direct future researchers to use more sustainable feedstocks for biodiesel synthesis. This study concluded that the use of third-generation feedstocks (wastes) is the most appropriate way for sustainable biodiesel production. The use of innovative costless oil extraction technologies including supercritical and microwave-assisted transesterification method is recommended for oil extraction.

scholarly journals Biodiesel, a ochrona środowiska

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 351-356
Author(s):  
Marlena Owczuk
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Engine Emissions ◽  
The World

The development of the automotive industry in the world causes high environmental degradation, the main source of this degradation is engine emissions. It is necessary to introduce biofuels prepared from renewable energy sources to the market due to the limited reserve of crude oil and environmental protection. Appropriate new modifications in law regulations have been prepared in European Union. Introducing alternative fuels can reduce the emissions of harmful gases and also decrease the level of pollutions in the environment.

scholarly journals Lipid Extraction fromSpirulinasp. andSchizochytriumsp. Using Supercritical CO2with Methanol

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shihong Liu ◽  
Husam A. Abu Hajar ◽  
Guy Riefler ◽  
Ben J. Stuart
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
High Lipid

Microalgae are one of the most promising feedstocks for biodiesel production due to their high lipid content and easy farming. However, the extraction of lipids from microalgae is energy intensive and costly and involves the use of toxic organic solvents. Compared with organic solvent extraction, supercritical CO2(SCCO2) has demonstrated advantages through lower toxicity and no solvent-liquid separation. Due to the nonpolar nature of SCCO2, polar organic solvents such as methanol may need to be added as a modifier in order to increase the extraction ability of SCCO2. In this paper, pilot scale lipid extraction using SCCO2was studied on two microalgae species:Spirulinasp. andSchizochytriumsp. For each species, SCCO2extraction was conducted on 200 g of biomass for 6 h. Methanol was added as a cosolvent in the extraction process based on a volume ratio of 4%. The results showed that adding methanol in SCCO2increased the lipid extraction yield significantly for both species. Under an operating pressure of 4000 psi, the lipid extraction yields forSpirulinasp. andSchizochytriumsp. were increased by 80% and 72%, respectively. It was also found that a stepwise addition of methanol was more effective than a one-time addition. In comparison with Soxhlet extraction using methylene chloride/methanol (2:1, v/v), the methanol-SCCO2extraction demonstrated its high effectiveness for lipid extraction. In addition, the methanol-SCCO2system showed a high lipid extraction yield after increasing biomass loading fivefold, indicating good potential for scaling up this method. Finally, a kinetic study of the SCCO2extraction process was conducted, and the results showed that methanol concentration in SCCO2has the strongest influence on the lipid extraction yield.

scholarly journals Adaptive centrifuge vibration damping module for biofuel production

2021 ◽  
Vol 2094 (4) ◽  
pp. 042086
Author(s):  
K A Bashmur ◽  
O A Kolenchukov ◽  
V A Kachaeva ◽  
E V Tsygankova ◽  
Ya A Tynchenko
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Ansys Fluent ◽  
Rotor Imbalance ◽  
Operation Process ◽  
Module Efficiency

Abstract The present study considers the problem of obtaining promising renewable energy sources, in particular biofuel. Biomass is the main fuel for green energy accounting for two-thirds of renewable energy. Industry further development depends on improvement of used equipment and technologies. Biofuel usually contains significant amounts of harmful impurities that need to be isolated. The paper deals with the problems of centrifuge operation for the biofuel production. In particular, the most significant operation problem is the residual rotor imbalance which causes torsional oscillations that negatively affect the biodiesel production process and centrifuge reliability. A new technology for damping torsional vibrations of centrifugal device rotating system is described as well as adaptive module device for its implementation is developed. The module main feature is vibrations adaptive level of the rotor elements interaction with external environment. Computer simulation of the module operation process in ANSYS Fluent program was carried out. Data on the module efficiency depending on various factors in the dynamics of its work are obtained. The most effective device configuration is determined.

scholarly journals Renewable Energy Sources in Transport on the Example of Methyl Esters and Bioethanol

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Kupczyk ◽  
Joanna Mączyńska-Sęczek ◽  
Ewa Golisz ◽  
Piotr F. Borowski
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Production Structure ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Production Potential

The aim of this article is to show how the situation of domestic biofuels in Poland and the alternative fuels sector is changing. On the basis of our own research and the available literature, changes in the production potential of Poland in the field of alternative fuels/biofuels are examined. Moreover, the reasons for changes in the production structure are analyzed. The flexibility of production potential to changes in legal conditions is assessed, and the value of sectors and their future are determined. This paper discusses legal and market aspects related to selected renewable energy sources used in Polish transport. Based on a review of literature and statistical data, the production and use of methyl esters and bioethanol are characterized in detail. Analysis of legal regulations enables the presentation of targets regarding renewable energy source (RES) use in transport by 2030. The results of studies conducted in 2020 are discussed with regard to the value (attractiveness) of methyl esters, bioethanol, electromobility and liquid bio-hydrocarbons, and these are compared and contrasted with the result from earlier years since 2010.

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production form Spirulina Microalgae and its impact on Diesel Engine Characteristics-Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-167
Author(s):  
Mariam E. Murad ◽  
Mohamed Al-Dawody
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Heat Content ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Production Form ◽  
Lower Heat ◽  
Algae Oil

This research aims to investigate the literature review on the extraction of algae oil, production of algae methyl ester(AME) biodiesel and the effect of microalgae biodiesel on the performance, combustion and exhaust  emissions of diesel engine. The study dealt with researchers who published their reports between 2006 and 2020. Researches now concentrate on renewable energies, and biodiesel is one of those renewable energy sources. Biodiesel is a fuel similar to diesel and has many positive aspects such as quality, renewable energy, lower exhaust emissions and greater lubricity. In addition to the use of microalgae in the production of fuels, they are used in reducing CO2 of the atmosphere which in turn results in better air quality to breathe and cleaner environment. Many researchers have paid attention to produce biodiesel derived from microalgae that represents one of the oldest living creatures on the globe. However, by comparing with diesel, it has some drawbacks like lower heat content, higher density, viscosity, and NOx emissions. Optimization strategies is still recommended to fight the side effects of using biodiesel instead of original diesel fuel.

scholarly journals Trends in Scientific Literature on Energy Return Ratio of Renewable Energy Sources for Supporting Policymakers

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Leonardo Rana ◽  
Mariarosaria Lombardi ◽  
Pasquale Giungato ◽  
Caterina Tricase
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Academic Literature

The scarcity of fossil fuels and their environmental impact as greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, have prompted governments around the world to both develop research and foster the use of renewable energy sources (RES), such as biomass, wind, and solar. Therefore, although these efforts represent potential solutions for fossil fuel shortages and GHG emission reduction, some doubts have emerged recently regarding their energy efficiency. Indeed, it is very useful to assess their energy gain, which means quantifying and comparing the amount of energy consumed to produce alternative fuels. In this context, the aim of this paper is to analyze the trend of the academic literature of studies concerning the indices of the energy return ratio (ERR), such as energy return on energy invested (EROEI), considering biomass, wind and solar energy. This could be useful for institutions and to public organizations in order to redefine their political vision for realizing sustainable socio-economic systems in line with the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energies. Results showed that biomass seems to be more expensive and less efficient than the equivalent fossil-based energy, whereas solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy have reached mature and advanced levels of technology.

Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Medium Capacity Compression Ignition Engine Fuelled With Mahua Biodiesel Employing Cold EGR

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahil Gupta ◽  
Naveen Kumar ◽  
Dhruv Gupta ◽  
Manish Vaidyanathan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Edible Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Security Issues

Oil provides energy for 95% of transportation and the demand of transport fuel continues to rise. According to the assessment of IPCC (International Panel on Climate Change) to climate change, global oil demand will rise by 60% from 75 Mb/d in 2000 to 120 Mb/d in 2030. All countries including India are grappling with the problem of meeting the ever increasing demand of transport fuel with the constraints of international commitments, legal requirements, environmental concerns, and limited resources. Hence, search for renewable fuels is becoming more and more prominent for ensuring energy security and environmental protection. This has renewed the interest of scientific community to look for alternative fuels of bio-origin which can provide a feasible environmental friendly solution with improved performance characteristics. Biodiesel is produced by a chemical process known as transesterification, by which the triglycerides are reacted with alcohols, in the presence of a catalyst, to produce fatty acid alkyl esters. For quite some time focus for production of biodiesel has shifted towards non-edible oil feedstock from the edible ones, mostly due to food security issues. One such non-edible oil, locally known as Mahua in Indian subcontinent, may be evaluated as a potential feed stock for biodiesel production. The fuel properties were found to be comparable with that of diesel fuel. In the present study, mineral diesel fuel along with 20% (v/v %) blend of Mahua oil methyl ester (MOME) was prepared for conducting experiments and the performance and emission characteristics was investigated at 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates. Major observations drawn from the exhaustive experiments is that the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) for M20 increased in comparison to diesel baseline whereas on employing cold EGR, BTE abridged with the increase in EGR rate. Unburned Hydrocarbon and Carbon monoxide emissions as well as Smoke Opacity upsurge with increase in EGR percentage. However, a considerable decline in NOx was obtained at higher EGR levels.

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