scholarly journals Biological Activities and Potential Oral Applications of N-Acetylcysteine: Progress and Prospects

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanping Pei ◽  
Huan Liu ◽  
Yi Yang ◽  
Yanwei Yang ◽  
Yang Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Property ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Oral Medicine ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Therapeutic Activities ◽  
Cysteine Prodrug ◽  
Mucolytic Agent ◽  
Biological And Pharmacological Activities

N-Acetylcysteine (NAC), a cysteine prodrug and glutathione (GSH) precursor, has been used for several decades in clinical therapeutic practices as a mucolytic agent and for the treatment of disorders associated with GSH deficiency. Other therapeutic activities of NAC include inhibition of inflammation/NF-κB signaling and expression of proinflammatory cytokines. N-Acetylcysteine is also a nonantibiotic compound possessing antimicrobial property and exerts anticarcinogenic and antimutagenic effects against certain types of cancer. Recently, studies describing potentially important biological and pharmacological activities of NAC have stimulated interests in using NAC-based therapeutics for oral health care. The present review focused on the biological activities of NAC and its potential oral applications. The potential side effects of NAC and formulations for drug delivery were also discussed, with the intent of advancing NAC-associated treatment modalities in oral medicine.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Biological Activities of Some Pyrimidine Derivatives: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1001-1015
Author(s):  
Nadia Ali Ahmed Elkanzi
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Atom ◽  
Medicinal Chemistry ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Heterocyclic Ring ◽  
Ring System ◽  
Pyrimidine Derivatives ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Cardiovascular Agents ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Biological And Pharmacological Activities

Nitrogen containing synthetically and biologically important heterocyclic ring system namely pyrimidine possess both biological and pharmacological activities, and defend as aromatic six heterocyclic with 1and 3 nitrogen atom in ring. Preparation of pyrimidine via different methods offer its importance in fields of medicinal chemistry and Chemistry. Pyrimidines and their derivatives act as anti-inflammatory, anti-malaria, anti-tumor, cardiovascular agents, anti-neoplastic, anti-tubercular, anti- HIV, diuretic ,anti-viral, anti-microbial, ,analgesic .This review give light up on biological and pharmacological activities of pyrimidine nucleus.

Phytochemical composition and biological activity of Physalis spp.: A mini-review

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Venelina Popova ◽  
Albena Stoyanova ◽  
Nadezhda Mazova
Keyword(s):  
Functional Foods ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Metabolite Profile ◽  
Sucrose Esters ◽  
Nutritional Properties ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Phytochemical Composition ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Biological And Pharmacological Activities

The main objective of this mini-review was to synthesize recent data about the phytochemical composition, the nutritional properties, and the biological and pharmacological activities of a now cosmopolitan genus, Physalis (Solanaceae), being in the focus of intensive research over the last two decades. Six Physalis species with nutritional and pharmacological promise are considered in particular – P. peruviana L., P. philadelphica Lam., P. ixocarpa Brot. ex Horm., P. angulata L., P. pubescens L., and P. alkekengi L. Summarized contemporary data on the metabolite profile and the biological activities of Physalis species support their century-long use in traditional medicine and human nutrition. The fruit represent a rich source of minerals, vitamins, fibers, carotenoids, proteins, fructose, sucrose esters, pectins, flavonoids, polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids, phytosterols and many other beneficial nutrients. Individual phytochemicals and complex fractions isolated from Physalis plants demonstrate various biological and pharmacological activities, the most promising of which include antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, hepato-renoprotective, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and others. Most of these activities are associated with the presence of flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids, physalins, withanolides, and other bioactive compounds. The accumulated data disclose the potential of Physalis spp. as highly functional foods, as profitable crops for many regions over the world, and as sources of valuable secondary metabolites for phytopharmacy, novel medicine and cosmetics. Information provided by this review is also important for a more intensive promotion of Physalis species in Bulgaria and for future studies on their composition and benefits.

scholarly journals Phytosterols: Potential Metabolic Modulators in Neurodegenerative Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12255
Author(s):  
Niti Sharma ◽  
Mario A. Tan ◽  
Seong Soo A. An
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Isolated Structures ◽  
Biological And Pharmacological Activities

Phytosterols constitute a class of natural products that are an important component of diet and have vast applications in foods, cosmetics, and herbal medicines. With many and diverse isolated structures in nature, they exhibit a broad range of biological and pharmacological activities. Among over 200 types of phytosterols, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol were ubiquitous in many plant species, exhibiting important aspects of activities related to neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, this mini-review presented an overview of the reported studies on selected phytosterols related to neurodegenerative diseases. It covered the major phytosterols based on biosynthetic considerations, including other phytosterols with significant in vitro and in vivo biological activities.

scholarly journals Synthetic Chiral Derivatives of Xanthones: Biological Activities and Enantioselectivity Studies

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Fernandes ◽  
Maria Carraro ◽  
João Ribeiro ◽  
Joana Araújo ◽  
Maria Tiritan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Sar Studies ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Synthetic Methodologies ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Biological And Pharmacological Activities

Many naturally occurring xanthones are chiral and present a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities. Some of them have been exhaustively studied and subsequently, obtained by synthesis. In order to obtain libraries of compounds for structure activity relationship (SAR) studies as well as to improve the biological activity, new bioactive analogues and derivatives inspired in natural prototypes were synthetized. Bioactive natural xanthones compromise a large structural multiplicity of compounds, including a diversity of chiral derivatives. Thus, recently an exponential interest in synthetic chiral derivatives of xanthones (CDXs) has been witnessed. The synthetic methodologies can afford structures that otherwise could not be reached within the natural products for biological activity and SAR studies. Another reason that justifies this trend is that both enantiomers can be obtained by using appropriate synthetic pathways, allowing the possibility to perform enantioselectivity studies. In this work, a literature review of synthetic CDXs is presented. The structures, the approaches used for their synthesis and the biological activities are described, emphasizing the enantioselectivity studies.

scholarly journals Bunium persicum: A Review of Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, and Biological Activities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Majidi ◽  
Fatemeh Bina ◽  
Niloofar Kahkeshani ◽  
Roja Rahimi
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Bunium Persicum ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Coa Reductase ◽  
Biological And Pharmacological Activities

Bunium persicum (Boiss) B. Fedtsh (Apiaceae, Persian name: Zireh Kermani) has been used to treat various diseases in traditional and folkloric medicine including gastrointestinal, respiratory, nasopharyngeal, cardiac, ocular, neurological, rheumatological and urinary tract diseases. Its essential oil contains different monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and phenyl propenes. Other chemical constituents identified in B. persicum are phenolic compounds, fatty acids, carboxylic acids, and carbohydrates. Wide range of biological and pharmacological activities including antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, acetylcholinesterase inhibitory, anticonvulsant, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory, anti-pancreatic lipase, anticancer, antidiabetic, antihistamine, antidiarrheal, antispasmodic, antihematoxic, antityrosinase and antimicrobial activities have been reported from this plant in modern medicine. This article summarizes comprehensive information attributing traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of Zireh Kermani.

Salidroside - Can it be a Multifunctional Drug?

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 512-524
Author(s):  
Sri Krishna Jayadev Magani ◽  
Sri Durgambica Mupparthi ◽  
Bhanu Prakash Gollapalli ◽  
Dhananjay Shukla ◽  
AK Tiwari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Neuroprotective Activity ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Target Molecules ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Therapeutic Activities ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Phase I And Ii

Background: Salidroside is a glucoside of tyrosol found mostly in the roots of Rhodiola spp. It exhibits diverse biological and pharmacological properties. In the last decade, enormous research is conducted to explore the medicinal properties of salidroside; this research reported many activities like anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-aging, anti-diabetic, anti-depressant, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, etc. Objective: Despite its multiple pharmacological effects, a comprehensive review detailing its metabolism and therapeutic activities is still missing. This review aims to provide an overview of the metabolism of salidroside, its role in alleviating different metabolic disorders, diseases and its molecular interaction with the target molecules in different conditions. This review mostly concentrates on the metabolism, biological activities and molecular pathways related to various pharmacological activities of salidroside. Conclusion: Salidroside is produced by a three-step pathway in the plants with tyrosol as an intermediate molecule. The molecule is biotransformed into many metabolites through phase I and II pathways. These metabolites, together with a certain amount of salidroside may be responsible for various pharmacological functions. The salidroside based inhibition of PI3k/AKT, JAK/ STAT, and MEK/ERK pathways and activation of apoptosis and autophagy are the major reasons for its anti-cancer activity. AMPK pathway modulation plays a significant role in its anti-diabetic activity. The neuroprotective activity was linked with decreased oxidative stress and increased antioxidant enzymes, Nrf2/HO-1 pathways, decreased inflammation through suppression of NF-κB pathway and PI3K/AKT pathways. These scientific findings will pave the way to clinically translate the use of salidroside as a multi-functional drug for various diseases and disorders in the near future.

Contemporary Progress in the Synthetic Strategies of Imidazole and its Biological Activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1078-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Soni ◽  
Ayushi Sethiya ◽  
Nusrat Sahiba ◽  
Dinesh K. Agarwal ◽  
Shikha Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Compound ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Biological Profile ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Biological And Pharmacological Activities

: Heterocyclic compounds are pervasive in many areas of life and one of the heterocycles, imidazole is a unique heterocyclic five-membered aromatic compound having two sp2 hybridized nitrogen atoms. Its integral name is 1, 3 diazole and previously, it was known as glyoxalin. This moiety has achieved a considerable place among scientists in recent years by reason of its divergent synthetic strategies and uncommon biological and pharmacological activities, for example, anti-convulsant, anti-microbial, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-viral, anti-ulcer, analgesic, etc. Due to distinct therapeutic actions, it is still an engrossed area of research. Researchers currently are inventing new greener methods to synthesize its derivatives and to improve its pharmacological activities. The purpose of this review is to study the literature that can help researchers to explore this area, its prevailing program for synthesis in environmentally friendly conditions and biological profile throughout past decades.

scholarly journals Chemical Diversity and Biological Activities of Meroterpenoids from Marine Derived-Fungi: A Comprehensive Update

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
Amr El-Demerdash ◽  
Decha Kumla ◽  
Anake Kijjoa
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Interesting Class ◽  
Terpenoid Pathway ◽  
Biological And Pharmacological Activities

Meroterpenoids are a class of hybrid natural products, partially derived from a mixed terpenoid pathway. They possess remarkable structural features and relevant biological and pharmacological activities. Marine-derived fungi are a rich source of meroterpenoids featuring structural diversity varying from simple to complex molecular architectures. A combination of a structural variability and their myriad of bioactivities makes meroterpenoids an interesting class of naturally occurring compounds for chemical and pharmacological investigation. In this review, a comprehensive literature survey covering the period of 2009–2019, with 86 references, is presented focusing on chemistry and biological activities of various classes of meroterpenoids isolated from fungi obtained from different marine hosts and environments.

Tetrazoloquinolines: Synthesis, Reactions, and Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizk E. Khidre ◽  
Tahah A. Ameen ◽  
Mounir A. I. Salem
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Quinoline Derivatives ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Synthesis Reactions ◽  
Intramolecular Cyclocondensation

This review summarizes the synthesis, reactions, and biological activities of tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoline derivatives. These derivatives were synthesized by several methods such as i) from the reaction of 2-chloroquinoline with sodium azide ii) from diazotization 2-hydrazinylquinoline derivatives, and iii) from intramolecular cyclocondensation of 2-azidoarylidenes. Also, the chemical reactions and pharmacological activities of some tetrazoloquinolines such as tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoline-4-carbaldehyde, 5-chlorotetrazolo[ 1,5-a]quinoline, 4-(chloromethyl)tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoline, tetrazolo[1,5- a]quinoline-4-carboxylic acid, and 5-azidotetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoline were discussed.

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