scholarly journals State-of-the-Art Techniques to Causally Link Neural Plasticity to Functional Recovery in Experimental Stroke Research

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Sophia Wahl
Keyword(s):  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cortical Reorganization ◽  
Experimental Stroke ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Stroke Research ◽  
Current State ◽  
Repair Mechanisms ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Art Techniques

Current experimental stroke research faces the same challenge as neuroscience: to transform correlative findings in causative ones. Research of recent years has shown the tremendous potential of the central nervous system to react to noxious stimuli such as a stroke: Increased plastic changes leading to reorganization in form of neuronal rewiring, neurogenesis, and synaptogenesis, accompanied by transcriptional and translational turnover in the affected cells, have been described both clinically and in experimental stroke research. However, only minor attempts have been made to connect distinct plastic remodeling processes as causative features for specific behavioral phenotypes. Here, we review current state-of the art techniques for the examination of cortical reorganization and for the manipulation of neuronal circuits as well as techniques which combine anatomical changes with molecular profiling. We provide the principles of the techniques together with studies in experimental stroke research which have already applied the described methodology. The tools discussed are useful to close the loop from our understanding of stroke pathology to the behavioral outcome and may allow discovering new targets for therapeutic approaches. The here presented methods open up new possibilities to assess the efficiency of rehabilitative strategies by understanding their external influence for intrinsic repair mechanisms on a neurobiological basis.

scholarly journals Current techniques for visualizing RNA in cells

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilith V.J.C. Mannack ◽  
Sebastian Eising ◽  
Andrea Rentmeister
Keyword(s):  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Enzymatic Modification ◽  
Current State ◽  
Rna Imaging ◽  
In Cells ◽  
Art Techniques

Labeling RNA is of utmost interest, particularly in living cells, and thus RNA imaging is an emerging field. There are numerous methods relying on different concepts ranging from hybridization-based probes, over RNA-binding proteins to chemo-enzymatic modification of RNA. These methods have different benefits and limitations. This review aims to outline the current state-of-the-art techniques and point out their benefits and limitations.

scholarly journals Combating Neurodegenerative Diseases with the Plant Alkaloid Berberine: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 563-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dahua Fan ◽  
Liping Liu ◽  
Zhengzhi Wu ◽  
Meiqun Cao
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Isoquinoline Alkaloid ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Current State ◽  
Progressive Degeneration ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Low Toxicity

Neurodegenerative diseases are among the most serious health problems affecting millions of people worldwide. Such diseases are characterized by a progressive degeneration and / or death of neurons in the central nervous system. Currently, there are no therapeutic approaches to cure or even halt the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. During the last two decades, much attention has been paid to the neuroprotective and anti-neurodegenerative activities of compounds isolated from natural products with high efficacy and low toxicity. Accumulating evidence indicates that berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from traditional Chinese medicinal herbs, may act as a promising anti-neurodegenerative agent by inhibiting the activity of the most important pathogenic enzymes, ameliorating intracellular oxidative stress, attenuating neuroinflammation, triggering autophagy and protecting neurons against apoptotic cell death. This review attempts to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the therapeutic potential of berberine against neurodegenerative diseases, with a focus on the molecular mechanisms that underlie its effects on Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases.

scholarly journals Modelling Neuromuscular Diseases in the Age of Precision Medicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Alfina A. Speciale ◽  
Ruth Ellerington ◽  
Thomas Goedert ◽  
Carlo Rinaldi
Keyword(s):  
Precision Medicine ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Neuromuscular Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Current State ◽  
Disease Mechanisms ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Clinical Phenotyping

Advances in knowledge resulting from the sequencing of the human genome, coupled with technological developments and a deeper understanding of disease mechanisms of pathogenesis are paving the way for a growing role of precision medicine in the treatment of a number of human conditions. The goal of precision medicine is to identify and deliver effective therapeutic approaches based on patients’ genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. With the exception of cancer, neurological diseases provide the most promising opportunity to achieve treatment personalisation, mainly because of accelerated progress in gene discovery, deep clinical phenotyping, and biomarker availability. Developing reproducible, predictable and reliable disease models will be key to the rapid delivery of the anticipated benefits of precision medicine. Here we summarize the current state of the art of preclinical models for neuromuscular diseases, with particular focus on their use and limitations to predict safety and efficacy treatment outcomes in clinical trials.

scholarly journals Molecular Therapies for Inherited Retinal Diseases—Current Standing, Opportunities and Challenges

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Vázquez-Domínguez ◽  
Alejandro Garanto ◽  
Rob W. J. Collin
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Retinal Diseases ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Augmentation Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Current State ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Molecular Therapies ◽  
Pros And Cons

Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are both genetically and clinically highly heterogeneous and have long been considered incurable. Following the successful development of a gene augmentation therapy for biallelic RPE65-associated IRD, this view has changed. As a result, many different therapeutic approaches are currently being developed, in particular a large variety of molecular therapies. These are depending on the severity of the retinal degeneration, knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanism underlying each subtype of IRD, and the therapeutic target molecule. DNA therapies include approaches such as gene augmentation therapy, genome editing and optogenetics. For some genetic subtypes of IRD, RNA therapies and compound therapies have also shown considerable therapeutic potential. In this review, we summarize the current state-of-the-art of various therapeutic approaches, including the pros and cons of each strategy, and outline the future challenges that lie ahead in the combat against IRDs.

scholarly journals The State of The Art on Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117957352110291
Author(s):  
Immacolata Vecchio ◽  
Luca Sorrentino ◽  
Annamaria Paoletti ◽  
Rosario Marra ◽  
Mariamena Arbitrio
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Clinical Level ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Clinical Benefits ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic disabling disease that affects the central nervous system. The main consequences of AD include the decline of cognitive functions and language disorders. One of the causes leading to AD is the decrease of neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) levels in the brain, in part due to a higher activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the enzyme responsible for its degradation. Many acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs), both natural and synthetic, have been developed and used through the years to counteract the progression of the disease. The first of such drugs approved for a therapeutic use was tacrine, that binds through a reversible bond to the enzyme. However, tacrine has since been withdrawn because of its adverse effects. Currently, donepezil and galantamine are very promising AChEIs with clinical benefits. Moreover, rivastigmine is considered a pseudo-irreversible compound with anti-AChE action, providing similar effects at the clinical level. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of what has been published over the last decade on the effectiveness of AChEIs in AD, analysing the most relevant issues under the clinical and methodological profiles and the consequent possible welfare effects for the whole world. Furthermore, novel drugs and possible therapeutic approaches are also discussed.

scholarly journals A Controlled Benchmark of Video Violence Detection Techniques

Information ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Nicola Convertini ◽  
Vincenzo Dentamaro ◽  
Donato Impedovo ◽  
Giuseppe Pirlo ◽  
Lucia Sarcinella
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Current State ◽  
Violence Detection ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
The Future ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
Art Techniques

This benchmarking study aims to examine and discuss the current state-of-the-art techniques for in-video violence detection, and also provide benchmarking results as a reference for the future accuracy baseline of violence detection systems. In this paper, the authors review 11 techniques for in-video violence detection. They re-implement five carefully chosen state-of-the-art techniques over three different and publicly available violence datasets, using several classifiers, all in the same conditions. The main contribution of this work is to compare feature-based violence detection techniques and modern deep-learning techniques, such as Inception V3.

Targeting Glioblastoma: The Current State of Different Therapeutic Approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran Khan ◽  
Sadaf Mahfooz ◽  
Elif Burce Elbasan ◽  
Busra Karacam ◽  
Mustafa Namik Oztanir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Average Life Span ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Molecular Therapies ◽  
Patient Prognosis

Background: Glioma is the primary cancer of the central nervous system in adults. Among gliomas, glioblastoma is the most deadly and aggressive form with an average life span of 1 to 2 years. Despite implementing the rigorous standard care involving maximal surgical removal followed by concomitant radiation and chemotherapy, the patient prognosis remains poor. Due to the infiltrative nature of glioblastoma, chemo- and radio-resistance behavior of these tumors and lack of potent chemotherapeutic drugs, treatment of glioblastoma is still a big challenge. Objective: The goal of the present review is to shed some light on the present state of novel strategies including molecular therapies, immunotherapies, nanotechnology and combination therapies for patients with glioblastoma. Methodology: Peer reviewed literature was extracted via Embase, Ovid, PubMed and Google Scholar till the year 2020. Conclusion: Insufficient effect of chemotherapies for glioblastoma is more likely because of different drug resistance mechanisms and intrinsically complex pathological characteristics. Therefore, more advancement in various therapeutic approaches such as antitumor immune response, targeting growth regulatory and drug resistance pathways, enhancing drug delivery and drug carrier systems are required in order to establish an effective treatment approach for patients with glioblastoma.

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