Clinical Anxiety among Saudi Postgraduate Pediatric Dentistry Students in Jeddah City

Objective. To determine anxiety in relation to gender, Grade Point Average (GPA), level of education and academic and clinical situations in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Also, to identify academic and clinical anxiety levels among postgraduate pediatric dentistry students. Methods. A cross-sectional study at governmental training hospitals was conducted. All registered postgraduate students in pediatric dental programs during the year 2015-2016 were included in the study. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed electronically to 60 postgraduate pediatric dentistry students aged between 25 and 45 years old. The questionnaire is composed of 55 questions that investigated demographic data, academic and clinical related situations including investigations, diagnosis, treatment, and complications in treatment. Results. The study showed a higher anxiety level in younger age dental students (76.7% compared to 23.3%) and Saudi board residents (60%). Comparing gender differences in anxiety revealed that a significant difference (P≤0.05) was found and anxiety seems to be more among female dental students (2% very anxious, 64% slightly anxious, and 34% not anxious) as compared to male dental students (8% very anxious, 69% slightly anxious, and 23% not anxious). Conclusions. There was increased awareness, detailed understanding, and handling of the patients by senior postgraduate pediatric dentistry students compared to junior students.

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Assessment of dental pain in children with intellectual disability using the dental discomfort questionnaire

Journal of Intellectual Disabilities ◽

10.1177/1744629520981318 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 174462952098131

Author(s):

Güler Burcu Senirkentli ◽

Resmiye Ebru Tirali ◽

Mehmet Bani

Keyword(s):

Intellectual Disability ◽

Intellectual Disabilities ◽

Intellectual Development ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Dental Pain ◽

Pediatric Dentistry ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dental Status ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference

Objective: This study aimed to compare the Dental Discomfort Questionnaire (DDQ) scores in children with and without intellectual disability (ID) and to measure correlation between the total DDQ and the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT/dmft) scores, as well as the condition of the tooth causing pain. Method: This cross-sectional study included 81 children with normal intellectual development who attended the Departments of Pediatric Dentistry at two Turkish Universities and 80 children with different levels of intellectual disability who reported dental pain in special education centers. The 12-question DDQ (Turkish version) was applied to the parents of the patients with their consent. The relationship of the DDQ scores with tha of the DMFT/dmft, dental status, and demographic data was evaluated. Results: When the DDQ scores of children with intellectual disabilities were evaluated, it was found that the majority of the answers given to the questions were statistically similar (p < 0.05) to those of children with normal cognitive level. In the questions in which “pain when eating and brushing teeth” was evaluated, a higher score was obtained, which led to an increase in the total DDQ score (p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of the distribution of dental conditions (p < 0.001). When compared to the normal cognitive group, patients with mild and severe intellectual disabilities had more deep dentin caries, thoughy, frequent periapical abscess was less common in those groups (p < 0.001 and p = 0.022). There was no statistically significant relationship between DMFTscores. Conclusion: The DDQ was found to be a descriptive, functional, and easy-to-use questionnaire for children with intellectual disabilitiesin terms of detecting the presence of dental pain. No correlation was found between DMFT/dmft, dental status and DDQ scores.

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Relationship between Learning Approaches and Academic Performance of Dental Students: A Cross-Sectional Study in Kermanshah, Iran

Education Research International ◽

10.1155/2021/8278066 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Narges Ziaei ◽

Marzie Shaveisi ◽

Maryam Janatolmakan ◽

Roya Safari Bahramani ◽

Alireza Khatony

Keyword(s):

Academic Performance ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dental Students ◽

Dental Student ◽

Learning Approach ◽

Learning Approaches ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Grade Point ◽

Significant Difference

Background. Learning approaches are a set of skills and strategies used by learners to organize and recall the content. Teachers can adopt appropriate teaching methods if they know the students’ learning approaches. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between learning approaches and academic performance of dental student. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, 128 dental students of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences were recruited by the stratified random sampling method. The data collection tools were a demographic information form and Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST). To determine academic performance, the grade point average (GPA) of the previous semester was used, and students with GPA scores ≤14.99 and ≥ 15 were divided into weak and strong groups, respectively. Data were analyzed by SPSS 17 software using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results. The most common learning approach in most strong (n = 49, 45.4%) and weak (n = 12, 60%) students was the superficial approach. The results of the chi-square test did not show a statistically significant difference between strong and weak students in terms of the learning approach. Conclusion. The results did not show a statistically significant relationship between students’ learning approach and their academic performance. However, since the superficial approach can lead to a decline in academic performance, the professors need to take the necessary intervention measures to improve students’ learning approaches. Further studies with larger sample sizes are recommended to shed more light on this research domain.

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Prevalence of dysmenorrhoea, associated risk factors and its relationship with academic performance among graduating female university students in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043814 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. e043814

Author(s):

Mesfin Tadese ◽

Andargachew Kassa ◽

Abebaw Abeje Muluneh ◽

Girma Altaye

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Academic Performance ◽

University Students ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Grade Point ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Associated Risk Factors

ObjectivesThe study aimed to provide an association between dysmenorrhoea and academic performance among university students in Ethiopia. Further, the study attempts to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of dysmenorrhoea.Design and methodInstitution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 April to 28 April 2019. A semistructured and pretested self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Binary logistic regression analysis and one-way analysis of variance were performed to model dysmenorrhoea and academic performance, respectively.Setting and participantsEthiopia (2019: n=647 female university students).OutcomesThe primary outcome is dysmenorrhoea, which has been defined as painful menses that prevents normal activity and requires medication. The self-reported cumulative grade point average of students was used as a proxy measure of academic performance, which is the secondary outcome.ResultsThe prevalence of dysmenorrhoea was 317 (51.5%). The educational status of father (adjusted OR (AOR) (95% CI) 2.64 (1.04 to 6.66)), chocolate consumption (AOR (95% CI) 3.39 (95% 1.28 to 8.93)), daily breakfast intake (<5 days/week) (AOR (95% CI) 0.63 (0.42 to 0.95)), irregular menstrual cycle AOR (95% CI) 2.34 (1.55 to 3.54)) and positive family history of dysmenorrhoea AOR (95% CI) 3.29 (2.25 to 4.81)) had statistically significant association with dysmenorrhoea. There was no statistically significant difference in academic performance among students with and without dysmenorrhoea (F (3611)=1.276, p=0.28)).ConclusionsDysmenorrhoea was a common health problem among graduating University students. However, it has no statistically significant impact on academic performance. Reproductive health officers should educate and undermine the negative academic consequences of dysmenorrhoea to reduce the physical and psychological stress that happens to females and their families.

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Teacher Discrimination Reduces School Performance of African American Youth: Role of Gender

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci8100183 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 183 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Shervin Assari ◽

Cleopatra Howard Caldwell

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

School Performance ◽

African American Youth ◽

National Sample ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Grade Point ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Males And Females

Background: Gender may alter African Americans’ vulnerability to discrimination. The type of outcomes that follow exposure to discrimination may also be gender-specific. Although teacher discrimination is known to deteriorate school performance, it is yet unknown whether male and female African American youth differ in the effect of teacher discrimination on school performance. Objective: This cross-sectional study explored the moderating role of gender on the effect of teacher discrimination on school performance in a national sample of African American youth. Methods: The National Survey of American Life-Adolescent Supplement (NSAL-A) enrolled a nationally representative sample (n = 810) of 13–17-year-old African American youth. Demographic factors, socioeconomic status, teacher discrimination, and school performance (grade point average, GPA) were measured. Linear multivariable regression models were applied for data analysis. Results: Males and females reported similar levels of perceived teacher discrimination. In the pooled sample, higher teacher discrimination was associated with lower school performance among African American youth (b = −0.35; 95% confidence interval (CI) = −0.49 to −0.22). Gender interacted with perceived teacher discrimination (b = 12; 95% CI = 0.24–2.02), suggesting a significant difference between males and females in the magnitude of the association between perceived teacher discrimination and GPA. In stratified models, perceived teacher discrimination was associated with worse school performance of females (b = −12; 95% CI = −0.03 to −2.78) but not males (b = 0.01; 95% CI = −0.07 to 0.08). Conclusion: In line with previous studies, gender was found to alter the vulnerability of African American youth to perceived discrimination. African American boys and girls may differ in their sensitivity to the effects of teacher discrimination on school performance.

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Oral Hygiene Practice And Perceived Oral Malodour Among Dental And Medical Undergraduate Students Of Bahria University Medical And Dental College

Journal of Bahria University Medical and Dental College ◽

10.51985/jbumdc2018057 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 08 (04) ◽

pp. 221-225

Author(s):

Beenish Fatima Alam ◽

Hira Raza ◽

Shizma junejo ◽

Marium Azfar ◽

Tuba Saleem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dental Students ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical Undergraduate ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Medical Undergraduate Students

Objective: To determine the differences of self-perception of halitosis and oral hygiene practices among the medical and dental undergraduate students. Methodology: A cross-sectional study conducted over duration of 9 months amongst the medical and dental undergraduate students of Bahria University Medical and Dental College. The questionnaires were distributed to 298 students. Questionnaire employed for this study was adopted and modified from the study conducted by Khalid Almas et al. Descriptive statistics were checked by means of percentages and frequency for all variables. Chi-square test was applied to check significant difference among the responses given by the medical and dental undergraduate students. Results: The response rate for the survey was about 85%. 55% of dental and 17 % of medical students were able to smell their breath. About having examination by dentist about 73% of medical students agreed as compared to 53% of dental students. Both medical and dental students preferred having examination done by the dentist. For management of halitosis, dentist was preferred by 62% of the dental students, while 97% of the medical students did not agree. 62% of the dental students preferred using traditional medications, while 82% of the medical students preferred using self-medications for treatment. Conclusion: The results suggest that there is not a high level of agreement among dental and medical students concerning the detection and management of halitosis. Although large percent of the respondents claimed to be aware of dentistry, our findings revealed low level of knowledge and attitude to Dentistry by the medical undergraduate students. Efforts should be made towards closing this knowledge gap to attain effective oral health.

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Comparison of sensorineural hearing loss characteristics in different hemodialysis vascular accesses

Auditory and Vestibular Research ◽

10.18502/avr.v29i4.4642 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Behieh Kohansall ◽

Nasser Saeedi ◽

Moeinoddin Hossein Beigi ◽

Azam Moslemi ◽

Akram Valizadeh

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽

Vascular Access ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Life Quality ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sensorineural Hearing ◽

Moderate Degree ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference

Background and Aim: Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is one of the complications in hemodialysis patients. Vascular access (VA) represents a lifeline for these patients affecting their life quality and clinical outcomes. Arteriovenous fistula is the gold standard of VAs with minor complications and better hemodialysis adequacy. There is no study investigating hearing differences in hemodialysis VAs. Hence, this study aimed to compare SNHL characteristics amongst hemodialysis VAs. Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted on 64 patients aged 18−60 years received regular hemodialysis in 2019. Demographic data and comorbid conditions were recorded based on patients’ case records and electronic databases. After a physical examination, otoscopy, tympanometry, and conventional audiometry, patients were divided into fistula (n = 26), permanent catheter (n = 36), and temporary catheter (n = 2) groups according to vascular access type. Results: Prevalence rate of SNHL was 63.89%, 50% and 50% in the permanent catheter, fistula and temporary catheter groups, respectively. Most patients had mild sloping-SNHL in the permanent catheter and fistula groups as against moderate degree in the other group. There was no significant difference in hearing thresholds, degree and audiogram shape among VA groups. No significant relation was found between age, sex, hemodialysis duration and disease duration with hearing loss in all groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: More patients had SNHL in permanent catheter group. Vascular access types, longer duration of hemodialysis and disease duration do not seem to be associated with SNHL. However, further investigation is needed to clarify the relationship. Keywords: Sensorineural hearing loss; vascular access; chronic renal failure; hemodialysis

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Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Dental Undergraduate Students: Prevalence, Stressors and Relieving Factors

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia ◽

10.31436/imjm.v17i2.946 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Munirah Yaacob ◽

Nor Asilah Harun ◽

Farizah Ramli ◽

Hannah Abdul Razak ◽

Noor Aisyah Sajuni

Keyword(s):

Undergraduate Students ◽

Psychological Health ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dental Students ◽

Dental Student ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Stress Symptoms ◽

Stress Relieving

Aim: To investigate the depression, anxiety and stress, stressors and relieving factors among dental students at Kulliyyah of Dentistry (KOD). Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 222 dental students. Their socio-demographic data, self-reported depression, anxiety and stress (DASS-21) scores, causes and relieving factors were collected using validated semi-structured pre-tested questionnaires. The data was analysed using percentages, chi-square test and Binary logistic regression tests with SPSS version 24. Results: The prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress was 41%, 68.9% and 34.2% respectively. Cross analysis showed that academic-related and laboratory or clinical related reasons were significantly associated with the depressive symptoms [(X2= 15.86, p<0.0001) and (X2= 10.45, p=0.001) respectively] and stress symptoms [(X2= 19.95, p<0.0001) and (X2= 6.11, p<0.05) respectively] among dental student. Furthermore, the item ‘examination’ being the highest factor chosen in academic-related stressors. The response for stress-relieving factors was high for Islamic ritual prayer/spiritual activities (94.6%), sleeping (86.5%) and doing exercise/playing sports (76.1%), while ‘seeking professional help’ (19.8%) was the least. Conclusion: This study shows that depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms are prevalent among dental students. Islamic ritual prayer and involvement in spiritual related activities was found to be the most preferred way for students to relief stress. Hence, it is vital that the university continually evaluates the psychological health of the students, tailor preventive measures and spiritual related programs to help students to cope with stress.

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Prevalence of gastric cancer precursors in gastroscopy-screened adults by family history of gastric cancer and of cancers other than gastric

BMC Cancer ◽

10.1186/s12885-020-07612-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rui Wu ◽

Cheng Yang ◽

Lin Ji ◽

Zhi-Ning Fan ◽

Yu-Wen Tao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Family History ◽

High Risk ◽

Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Younger Age ◽

Significant Difference ◽

History Of ◽

Cancer Precursors

Abstract Background People are at a high risk of gastric cancer if their first-degree relatives suffered from atrophic gastritis (AG), intestinal metaplasia (IM), intraepithelial neoplasia (IEN), dysplasia (DYS), or gastric cancer (GC). This study was performed to analyse the association between FDR-GC and GC precursors. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed to screen the prevalence of GC precursors from November 2016 to September 2019. A total of 1329 participants with FDR-GC, 193 participants with a family history of non-gastric cancer in FDRs (FDR-nGC), and 860 participants without a family history of cancer in FDRs (FDR-nC) were recruited in this study. The logistic regression model was used in this study. Results The prevalence of normal, Non-AG, AG/IM, IEN/DYS, and GC was 31.91, 44.21, 13.81, 8.73, and 1.34%, respectively. The prevalence of IEN/DYS was higher in people with FDR-GC and FDR-nGC (FDR-GC: odds ratio (OR) = 1.655; 95%CI, 1.153–2.376; FDR-nGC: OR = 1.984; 95%CI, 1.122–3.506) than those with FDR-nC. The younger the age at which FDRs were diagnosed with GC, the more likely the participants were to develop AG/IM (Ptrend = 0.019). The risk of precursors to GC was higher in participants whose FDR-GC was the mother than in those whose FDR-GC was the father or sibling (OR, non-AG: 1.312 vs. 1.007, 1.274; AG/IM: 1.430 vs. 1.296, 1.378; IEN/DYS: 1.988 vs. 1.573, 1.542). There was no statistically significant difference in non-AG (OR = 1.700; 95%CI, 0.940–3.074), AG/IM (OR = 1.291; 95%CI, 0.579–2.877), and IEN/DYS (OR = 1.265; 95%CI, 0.517–3.096) between participants with one or more FDR-GC. Conclusion People with FDR-GC and FDR-nGC are at a high risk of IEN/DYS. When an FDR was diagnosed at a younger age, the risk of AG/IM was higher. The risk of GC precursors was higher in people whose FDR-GC was the mother.

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Correlates of above-average cognitive performance among older adults: the SABE study

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/0102-311x00131913 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 30 (9) ◽

pp. 1977-1986 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Henrique Salmazo da Silva ◽

Yeda Aparecida de Oliveira Duarte ◽

Fabíola Bof de Andrade ◽

Ana Teresa de Abreu Ramos Cerqueira ◽

Jair Lício Ferreira Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sabe Study ◽

Younger Age ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

This study aimed to identify factors associated with optimal global cognitive performance among older adults in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of community-dwelling older adults who participated in the SABE Study (Health, Well-Being and Ageing) in 2006. The dependent variable was cognitive performance, categorized as “normal” or “optimal”. The independent variables were socio-demographic data, lifestyle and health conditions. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, followed by multiple logistic regression (significance set at 5%). Optimal cognitive performance was found in 28.4% of the sample, representing 730,051 older adults. Optimal performance was associated with a younger age, a report of no difficulties regarding instrumental activities of daily living, non-abusive alcohol intake, self-rated income sufficient to meet one’s daily needs and contact with family and friends. Optimal cognitive performance among older adults is associated with conditions favoring participation and independence.

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Factors contributing to intentional injuries in Iranian university students

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health ◽

10.1515/ijamh-2017-0002 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kobra Abedian Kasgary ◽

Zeinab Hamzehgardeshi ◽

Zohreh Shahhosseini

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Human Action ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Intentional Injuries ◽

Significant Difference ◽

History Of ◽

And Gender ◽

The University

Abstract Background Intentional injuries refer to injuries resulting from purposeful human action, whether directed at oneself or others. This study was performed to assess intentional injuries in Iranian university students. Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out with 430 female and male university in three higher education institutions located in the northern part of Iran in the year 2015. Samples were chosen through the stratified cluster random sampling method. They were requested to fill out the demographic data form and the Persian version of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey Questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis via the SPSS v.13 software. Findings Intentional injuries were more frequent in the male university students than female (p < 0.05). Also, 9.1% and 6.7% of the university students were physically injured or sexually assaulted by a boy/girl friend. No statistically significant difference was reported in dating violence between the male and female university students. The logistic regression test showed that the history of stealing money from parents without their permission, son’s preferences in the family and gender are the most important predisposing factors for the university students’ intentional injury. Conclusion It is suggested that health policy makers consider the role of family in programs that have been designed for improving the health of young people.

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