scholarly journals Role of Exercise in Vascular Function and Inflammatory Profile in Age-Related Obesity

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Pedrinolla ◽  
Massimo Venturelli ◽  
Emine Kirmizi ◽  
Federica Moschetta ◽  
Monica Zardini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Function ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Supervised Exercise ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Inflammatory Profile

In western countries, aging is often accompanied by obesity and age-related obesity is characterized by vascular dysfunction and a low-grade inflammatory profile. Exercise is a nonpharmacological strategy able to decrease the development and incidence of risk factors for several health-threatening diseases. Nonetheless, its long-term effect on vascular function and inflammation in age-related obesity is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of regular, supervised exercise on inflammatory profile and vascular function in age-related obesity. We also hypothesized that vascular function and inflammatory profile would have been correlated in overweight and obese individuals. Thirty normal weight (NW; 70 ± 5 years, 23.9 ± 2.6 BMI) and forty overweight and obese elderly (OW&OB; 69 ± 5 years, 30.1 ± 2.3 BMI) regularly taking part in a structured, supervised exercise program were enrolled in the study and evaluated for vascular function (flow-mediated dilation; FMD) and inflammatory profile (plasma CRP, IL-1β, IL-1ra, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, and MCP-1). Although no differences between groups were found concerning performance and the weekly amount of physical activity, the OW&OB group compared with the NW group demonstrated higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure (+10%, p=0.001; +9%, p=0.005, respectively); lower FMD% (−36%, p<0.001) and FMD/shear rate (−40%, p=0.001); and higher levels of CRP (+33%, p=0.005), IL-6 (+36%, p=0.048), MCP-1 (+17%, p=0.004), and TNF-α (+16%, p=0.031). No correlations between vascular function and inflammation were found in OW&OB or NW. Although exercising regularly, overweight and obese elderly exhibited poorer vascular function and higher proinflammatory markers compared with the leaner group. These results support the idea that exercise alone cannot counteract the negative effect of adiposity on vascular function and inflammatory profile in elderly individuals and these two processes are not necessarily related.

scholarly journals Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Role of Oxidative Stress and Blood Vessels

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1296
Author(s):  
Yue Ruan ◽  
Subao Jiang ◽  
Adrian Gericke
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Vision Impairment ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Age Related

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common irreversible ocular disease characterized by vision impairment among older people. Many risk factors are related to AMD and interact with each other in its pathogenesis. Notably, oxidative stress and choroidal vascular dysfunction were suggested to be critically involved in AMD pathogenesis. In this review, we give an overview on the factors contributing to the pathophysiology of this multifactorial disease and discuss the role of reactive oxygen species and vascular function in more detail. Moreover, we give an overview on therapeutic strategies for patients suffering from AMD.

scholarly journals ET-1 as a Sex-Specific Mechanism Impacting Age-Related Changes in Vascular Function

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew V. Kuczmarski ◽  
Laura M. Welti ◽  
Kerrie L. Moreau ◽  
Megan M. Wenner
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Vascular Aging ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Age Related

Aging is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is the leading cause of death in developed countries. Globally, the population of adults over the age of 60 is expected to double by the year 2050. CVD prevalence and mortality rates differ between men and women as they age in part due to sex-specific mechanisms impacting the biological processes of aging. Measures of vascular function offer key insights into cardiovascular health. Changes in vascular function precede changes in CVD prevalence rates in men and women and with aging. A key mechanism underlying these changes in vascular function is the endothelin (ET) system. Studies have demonstrated sex and sex hormone effects on endothelin-1 (ET-1), and its receptors ETA and ETB. However, with aging there is a dysregulation of this system resulting in an imbalance between vasodilation and vasoconstriction. Thus, ET-1 may play a role in the sex differences observed with vascular aging. While most research has been conducted in pre-clinical animal models, we describe more recent translational data in humans showing that the ET system is an important regulator of vascular dysfunction with aging and acts through sex-specific ET receptor mechanisms. In this review, we present translational evidence (cell, tissue, animal, and human) that the ET system is a key mechanism regulating sex-specific changes in vascular function with aging, along with therapeutic interventions to reduce ET-mediated vascular dysfunction associated with aging. More knowledge on the factors responsible for the sex differences with vascular aging allow for optimized therapeutic strategies to attenuate CVD risk in the expanding aging population.

scholarly journals Delineating the age-related attenuation of vascular function: Evidence supporting the efficacy of the single passive leg movement as a screening tool

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 1525-1532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay R. Hydren ◽  
Ryan M. Broxterman ◽  
Joel D. Trinity ◽  
Jayson R. Gifford ◽  
Oh Sung Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
Leg Blood Flow ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cut Score ◽  
Leg Movement ◽  
Hyperemic Response

Continuous passive leg movement (PLM) is a promising clinical assessment of the age-related decline in peripheral vascular function. To further refine PLM, this study evaluated the efficacy of a single PLM (sPLM), a simplified variant of the more established continuous movement approach, to delineate between healthy young and old men based on vascular function. Twelve young (26 ± 5 yr) and 12 old (70 ± 7 yr) subjects underwent sPLM (a single passive flexion and extension of the knee joint through 90°), with leg blood flow (LBF, common femoral artery with Doppler ultrasound), blood pressure (finger photoplethysmography), and leg vascular conductance (LVC) assessed. A receiver operator characteristic curve analysis was used to determine an age-specific cut score, and a factor analysis was performed to assess covariance. Baseline LBF and LVC were not different between groups ( P = 0.6). The high level of covariance and similar predictive value for all PLM-induced LBF and LVC responses indicates LBF, alone, can act as a surrogate variable in this paradigm. The peak sPLM-induced increase in LBF from baseline was attenuated in the old (Young: 717 ± 227, Old: 260 ± 97 ml/min, P < 0.001; cut score: 372 ml/min), as was the total LBF response (Young: 155 ± 67, Old: 26 ± 17 ml, P < 0.001; cut score: 58 ml). sPLM, a simplified version of PLM, exhibits the prerequisite qualities of a valid screening test for peripheral vascular dysfunction, as evidenced by an age-related attenuation in the peripheral hyperemic response and a clearly delineated age-specific cut score. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Single passive leg movement (sPLM) exhibits the prerequisite qualities of a valid screening test for peripheral vascular dysfunction. sPLM displayed an age-related reduction in the peripheral hemodynamic response for amplitude, duration, initial rate of change, and total change with clearly delineated age-specific cut scores. sPLM has a strong candidate variable that is a simple single numeric value, for which to appraise peripheral vascular function, the 45-s hyperemic response (leg blood flow area under the curve: 45 s).

Intestinal permeability modulation through a polyphenol-rich dietary pattern in older subjects: MaPLE project outcomes and perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Bernardi ◽  
Cristian Del Bo’ ◽  
Simone Guglielmetti ◽  
Giorgio Gargari ◽  
Antonio Cherubini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Microbial Ecosystem ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Older Subjects

AbstractIn recent years, research has been focusing on strategies to counteract inflammatory processes and age-related diseases(1). During ageing, a low-grade systemic inflammation is often associated to an altered intestinal permeability (IP) a condition that has been shown to promote inflammation possibly through the translocation of dietary and bacterial factors into the blood stream that activates the immune system(2).In this regard, dietary pattern and environmental factors could play a fundamental role because of their potential ability to modulate inflammation, IP and the gut microbial ecosystem (GME). Moreover, it has been hypothesized that bioactive compounds such as polyphenols may affect IP and GME(3).The MaPLE project (Microbiome mAnipulation through Polyphenols for managing gut Leakiness in the Elderly) aimed to investigate the hypothesis that a polyphenol-rich diet can improve IP condition in a target population with beneficial changes at intestine and systemic level. To this aim, a randomised, controlled, cross-over dietary intervention study (8-week polyphenol-rich diet versus 8-week control diet, separated by a wash-out period) was carried out in a group of older subjects (> 60 years) living in a well-controlled setting (i.e. nursing home). Markers related with IP, inflammation, oxidative stress, vascular function and intestinal microbial ecosystem were investigated in serum, urine and/or fecal samples. Moreover, blood bacteria DNAemia, and serum/urine metabolomics has been assessed. Moreover, a consistent nutritional evaluation of the standard menu (provided by the nursing home) and of weighed food diaries was performed, providing also data on actual polyphenol intake during the intervention. The results show there were higher levels of IP in the older subjects, and that the polyphenol-enriched diet changed the levels of serum zonulin, a marker of IP. In addition, an association between zonulin and blood bacterial load was demonstrated. Ongoing in vitro and in vivo experiments are exploring the potential effects of different polyphenols on IP and the mechanisms involved. The MaPLE project will generate new data to improve the understanding on the role of polyphenols in the modulation of intestinal microbiome and its interactions with the host.

Vascular Dysfunction and Insulin Resistance in Aging

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Baranowska-Bik ◽  
Wojciech Bik
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Physiological Concentration ◽  
Repair Capacity ◽  
Increased Risk

: Insulin was discovered in 1922 by Banting and Best. Since that time, extensive research on the mechanisms of insulin activity and action has continued. Currently, it is known that the role of insulin is much greater than simply regulating carbohydrate metabolism. Insulin in physiological concentration is also necessary to maintain normal vascular function. : Insulin resistance is defined as a pathological condition characterized by reduced sensitivity of skeletal muscles, liver, and adipose tissue, to insulin and its downstream metabolic effects under normal serum glucose concentrations. There are also selective forms of insulin resistance with unique features, including vascular insulin resistance. Insulin resistance, both classical and vascular, contributes to vascular impairment resulting in increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, in the elderly population, additional factors including redistribution of fat concentrations, low-grade inflammation, and decreased self-repair capacity [or cell senescence] amplify the vascular abnormalities related to insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Endothelial Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 as a Target to Maintain Vascular Wellness and Function in Ageing

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ginevra Nannelli ◽  
Marina Ziche ◽  
Sandra Donnini ◽  
Lucia Morbidelli
Keyword(s):  
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
And Function ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Endothelial cells are the main determinants of vascular function, since their dysfunction in response to a series of cardiovascular risk factors is responsible for disease progression and further consequences. Endothelial dysfunction, if not resolved, further aggravates the oxidative status and vessel wall inflammation, thus igniting a vicious cycle. We have furthermore to consider the physiological manifestation of vascular dysfunction and chronic low-grade inflammation during ageing, also known as inflammageing. Based on these considerations, knowledge of the molecular mechanism(s) responsible for endothelial loss-of-function can be pivotal to identify novel targets of intervention with the aim of maintaining endothelial wellness and vessel trophism and function. In this review we have examined the role of the detoxifying enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) in the maintenance of endothelial function. Its impairment indeed is associated with oxidative stress and ageing, and in the development of atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases. Strategies to improve its expression and activity may be beneficial in these largely diffused disorders.

Abstract P058: Female Rats Artificially Selected For Low Vs. High Intrinsic Aerobic Capacity Display Divergent Mechanisms In Vascular Inflammation

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaishnavi Aradhyula ◽  
Cam McCarthy ◽  
Nicole Bearss ◽  
Bina Joe ◽  
Lauren G Koch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Resistance Arteries ◽  
Resolution Of Inflammation ◽  
Cox Inhibitor ◽  
Inflammatory State

Hypertension is an important clinical symptom of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Rats selectively bred for low intrinsic aerobic capacity (LCR) are animal models for MetS, and present with increased blood pressure and vascular dysfunction. In contrast, rats selected for high intrinsic aerobic capacity (HCR) display reduced vascular inflammation and no metabolic abnormalities. Two important enzymes for vascular inflammation and the resolution of inflammation are cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX), respectively; however, it is unknown whether COX and LOX play a role in the vascular function of LCR and HCR. We hypothesized that mesenteric resistance arteries (MRA) from untrained LCR present increased COX activity, while arteries from HCR show decreased COX and increased LOX activity. Female (18-38 weeks old) LCR, HCR, and high response trained (HRT) rats, control, were used. HRT rats present higher intrinsic aerobic capacity than LCR, but lower than HCR. MRA were mounted onto a wire myograph. One-way ANOVA: p<0.05: *vs. control (HRT); # vs. HCR; & vs. absence of indomethacin (INDO), a COX inhibitor. LCR rats showed increased periovarian fat pad [HRT: 0.95±0.1 (n=7) vs. LCR: 1.80±0.1* # (n=7) vs. HCR: 1.18±0.1 (n=7) (g)]. No significant differences were observed in the KCl (120 mM), acetylcholine, and sodium-nitroprusside-induced responses. However, LCR presented a decrease in phenylephrine (PE)-induced contraction [PE: E max %: HRT: 103±3 (n=8); LCR: 74±9* # (n=11); HCR: 112±5 (n=9)]. Inhibiting COX [INDO, 10 μM] decreased contraction in HRT arteries, but had little effect on HCR arteries. Contrarily, INDO abolished contraction in MRA from LCR [PE+INDO: E max %: HRT: 31±18 & (n=7); LCR: 2±0.9 & (n=8); HCR: 77±9 (n=8)]. Lipoxin (LXA4), a LOX-derived mediator for resolution of inflammation, induced contraction in MRA from HCR, but relaxation in LCR and HRT arteries [LXA4: E max %: HRT: -69±19 (n=4); LCR: -18±9 (n=3); HCR: 11±5 (n=4)*]. Thus, HCR are unresponsive to COX inhibition, suggesting a change from a normal inflammatory state to a higher resolution state. LCR display low-grade chronic inflammation via increased COX activity. These data reveal novel, inherited mechanisms for vascular physiology in high vs. low intrinsic aerobic capacity.

scholarly journals A Relationship between vascular endothelial cell senescence and cardiovascular disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 271 ◽  
pp. 03062
Author(s):  
Ji-Na Qing ◽  
Yan Lei ◽  
Mei-Hua Bao ◽  
Qing-Ming Fu
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cell ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Close Relationship

The vascular endothelial cell (VEC) is a single layer of flat squamous epithelium covering the intima of the blood vessel. It constitutes a biological barrier to the blood vessel wall. It is not only a protective barrier but also a producer of some autocrine secretion. The substance is used to regulate homeostasis and vascular tone and has a variety of biological functions. VEC senescence can lead to vascular dysfunction, which is a major risk factor for cardiovascular system (CVS) and has a close relationship with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the mechanism of VEC senescence and the effects of VEC senescence on vascular function are not fully understood. This review summarizes the characteristics of VEC senescence and describes age-related CVD.

scholarly journals Dietary Nitrate Is a Modifier of Vascular Gene Expression in Old Male Mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Rammos ◽  
Matthias Totzeck ◽  
René Deenen ◽  
Karl Köhrer ◽  
Malte Kelm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
General Notion ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Dietary Nitrate ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Altered Gene ◽  
Old Mice

Aging leads to a number of disadvantageous changes in the cardiovascular system. Deterioration of vascular homoeostasis with increase in oxidative stress, chronic low-grade inflammation, and impaired nitric oxide bioavailability results in endothelial dysfunction, increased vascular stiffness, and compromised arterial-ventricular interactions. A chronic dietary supplementation with the micronutrient nitrate has been demonstrated to improve vascular function. Healthy dietary patterns may regulate gene expression profiles. However, the mechanisms are incompletely understood. The changes that occur at the gene expression level and transcriptional profile following a nutritional modification with nitrate have not been elucidated. To determine the changes of the vascular transcriptome, we conducted gene expression microarray experiments on aortas of old mice, which were treated with dietary nitrate. Our results highlight differentially expressed genes overrepresented in gene ontology categories. Molecular interaction and reaction pathways involved in the calcium-signaling pathway and the detoxification system were identified. Our results provide novel insight to an altered gene-expression profile in old mice following nitrate supplementation. This supports the general notion of nutritional approaches to modulate age-related changes of vascular functions and its detrimental consequences.

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