scholarly journals Research Progress on Monitoring and Separating Suspension Particles for Lubricating Oil

Complexity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziping Wang ◽  
Xian Xue ◽  
He Yin ◽  
Zhengxuan Jiang ◽  
Yefei Li
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Suspended Particles ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Industrial Equipment ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Monitoring Technology ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Scale Particle ◽  
Oil Monitoring

Lubricant failure or irrational lubrication is the root cause of industrial equipment failure. By monitoring the distribution of the suspended particles in lubricants, it is possible to discover hidden lubrication problems. After taking the lubricating oil samples of industrial equipment, the oil monitoring technology is used to analyze the particle size distribution and the type and content of the abrasive particles by electrical, magnetic, and optical monitoring techniques. It is necessary to separate the suspended particles in oils with impurities by some method to eliminate potential safety hazards and ensure the reuse efficiency of the lubricant. In this paper, the principles, advantages, and disadvantages of several important oil monitoring methods are described, and new developments in various methods are analyzed. Several typical methods for separation of the suspended particles in purified oils were introduced. The advantages and disadvantages of each process were summarized. The development direction of lubricant monitoring technology was pointed out, and guidance was provided for the separation and online monitoring of the suspended particles in lubricants. Finally, compared with similar review papers, this paper specifically figured out that ultrasonic separation method has the advantages of real time, high efficiency, and no pollution and has important application value for micron-scale particle separation of large precision machines.

scholarly journals A Lubricating Oil Condition Monitoring System Based on Wear Particle Kinematic Analysis in Microfluid for Intelligent Aeroengine

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 748
Author(s):  
Zhenzhen Liu ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Hongfu Zuo ◽  
Han Wang ◽  
Hang Fei
Keyword(s):  
Condition Monitoring ◽  
Kinematic Analysis ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Wear Particle ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Wear Particles ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Monitoring Technology ◽  
Oil Monitoring

Lubricating oil monitoring technology is a commonly used method in aeroengine condition monitoring, which includes particle counting technology, as well as spectral and ferrography technology in offline monitoring. However, these technologies only analyze the characteristics of wear particles and rely on physical and chemical analysis techniques to monitor the oil quality. In order to further advance offline monitoring technology, this paper explores the potential role of differences in wear particle kinematic characteristics in recognizing changes in wear particle diameter and oil viscosity. Firstly, a kinematic force analysis of the wear particles in the microfluid was carried out. Accordingly, a microfluidic channel conducive to observing the movement characteristics of particles was designed. Then, the wear particle kinematic analysis system (WKAS) was designed and fabricated. Secondly, a real-time tracking velocity measurement algorithm was developed by using the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) and the blob-tracking algorithm. Lastly, the WKAS was applied to a pin–disc tester, and the experimental results show that there is a corresponding relationship between the velocity of the particles and their diameter and the oil viscosity. Therefore, WKAS provides a new research idea for intelligent aeroengine lubricating oil monitoring technology. Future work is needed to establish a quantitative relationship between wear particle velocity and particle diameter, density, and oil viscosity.

Research Progress on Pulverized Coal Concentration Detection Device

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Tao Wu ◽  
Tian-Hu Wang ◽  
Jin Hua ◽  
He-Yuan Sun
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Coal Dust ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
Pulverized Coal ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Detection Scheme ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Dust Detection

Background: Pulverized coal detection is an indispensable detection measure in the coal industry. The current detection devices can be divided into two types: invasive and non-invasive. The coal dust detection methods and devices based on acoustics, optics, and electricity have been extensively studied. In order to achieve a high-efficiency online detection scheme, improving the accuracy and stability of the detection means is the primary goal of the research. Objective: The general problems and characteristics of coal dust detection device design are summarized, as well as recent technological developments and the needs for online testing to predict future research trends. Methods: The current typical detection devices are classified according to the detection principle and whether they invade the target, analyzing its advantages and disadvantages according to the device performance and application scenarios. Results: It has a beneficial effect on the design of the pulverized coal concentration detection device. Conclusion: The paper summarizes and analyzes several representative coal concentration detection device patents in recent years. Then it points out advantages and main problems. On this basis, the main development direction of the coal dust concentration detection device in the future is discussed.

scholarly journals Research Progress in Conversion of CO2 to Valuable Fuels

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (16) ◽  
pp. 3653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luyi Xu ◽  
Yang Xiu ◽  
Fangyuan Liu ◽  
Yuwei Liang ◽  
Shengjie Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Large Contribution ◽  
Enzymatic Reactions ◽  
Co2 Conversion ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Natural Photosynthesis

Rapid growth in the world’s economy depends on a significant increase in energy consumption. As is known, most of the present energy supply comes from coal, oil, and natural gas. The overreliance on fossil energy brings serious environmental problems in addition to the scarcity of energy. One of the most concerning environmental problems is the large contribution to global warming because of the massive discharge of CO2 in the burning of fossil fuels. Therefore, many efforts have been made to resolve such issues. Among them, the preparation of valuable fuels or chemicals from greenhouse gas (CO2) has attracted great attention because it has made a promising step toward simultaneously resolving the environment and energy problems. This article reviews the current progress in CO2 conversion via different strategies, including thermal catalysis, electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, and photoelectrocatalysis. Inspired by natural photosynthesis, light-capturing agents including macrocycles with conjugated structures similar to chlorophyll have attracted increasing attention. Using such macrocycles as photosensitizers, photocatalysis, photoelectrocatalysis, or coupling with enzymatic reactions were conducted to fulfill the conversion of CO2 with high efficiency and specificity. Recent progress in enzyme coupled to photocatalysis and enzyme coupled to photoelectrocatalysis were specially reviewed in this review. Additionally, the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of different conversion methods were also presented. We wish to provide certain constructive ideas for new investigators and deep insights into the research of CO2 conversion.

Trends in Diagnosis for Active Tuberculosis Using Nanomaterials

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1946-1959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Minh Tu Phan ◽  
Lemma Teshome Tufa ◽  
Hwa-Jung Kim ◽  
Jaebeom Lee ◽  
Tae Jung Park
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Clinical Tools ◽  
Diagnostic Applications

Background:Tuberculosis (TB), one of the leading causes of death worldwide, is difficult to diagnose based only on signs and symptoms. Methods for TB detection are continuously being researched to design novel effective clinical tools for the diagnosis of TB.Objective:This article reviews the methods to diagnose TB at the latent and active stages and to recognize prospective TB diagnostic methods based on nanomaterials.Methods:The current methods for TB diagnosis were reviewed by evaluating their advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, the trends in TB detection using nanomaterials were discussed regarding their performance capacity for clinical diagnostic applications.Results:Current methods such as microscopy, culture, and tuberculin skin test are still being employed to diagnose TB, however, a highly sensitive point of care tool without false results is still needed. The utilization of nanomaterials to detect the specific TB biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity can provide a possible strategy to rapidly diagnose TB. Although it is challenging for nanodiagnostic platforms to be assessed in clinical trials, active TB diagnosis using nanomaterials is highly expected to achieve clinical significance for regular application. In addition, aspects and future directions in developing the high-efficiency tools to diagnose active TB using advanced nanomaterials are expounded.Conclusion:This review suggests that nanomaterials have high potential as rapid, costeffective tools to enhance the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for the accurate diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of TB. Hence, portable nanobiosensors can be alternative effective tests to be exploited globally after clinical trial execution.

Metabolism and Distribution of Novel Tumor Targeting Drugs In Vivo

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 996-1008
Author(s):  
Mengli Wang ◽  
Qiuzheng Du ◽  
Lihua Zuo ◽  
Peng Xue ◽  
Chao Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Targeted Drugs

Background: As a new tumor therapy, targeted therapy is becoming a hot topic due to its high efficiency and low toxicity. Drug effects of targeted tumor drugs are closely related to pharmacokinetics, so it is important to understand their distribution and metabolism in vivo. Methods: A systematic review of the literature on the metabolism and distribution of targeted drugs over the past 20 years was conducted, and the pharmacokinetic parameters of approved targeted drugs were summarized in combination with the FDA's drug instructions. Targeting drugs are divided into two categories: small molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies. Novel targeting drugs and their mechanisms of action, which have been developed in recent years, are summarized. The distribution and metabolic processes of each drug in the human body are reviewed. Results: In this review, we found that the distribution and metabolism of small molecule kinase inhibitors (TKI) and monoclonal antibodies (mAb) showed different characteristics based on the differences of action mechanism and molecular characteristics. TKI absorbed rapidly (Tmax ≈ 1-4 h) and distributed in large amounts (Vd > 100 L). It was mainly oxidized and reduced by cytochrome P450 CYP3A4. However, due to the large molecular diameter, mAb was distributed to tissues slowly, and the volume of distribution was usually very low (Vd < 10 L). It was mainly hydrolyzed and metabolized into peptides and amino acids by protease hydrolysis. In addition, some of the latest drugs are still in clinical trials, and the in vivo process still needs further study. Conclusion: According to the summary of the research progress of the existing targeting drugs, it is found that they have high specificity, but there are still deficiencies in drug resistance and safety. Therefore, the development of safer and more effective targeted drugs is the future research direction. Meanwhile, this study also provides a theoretical basis for clinical accurate drug delivery.

Recent Patents on Valve Mechanism Device

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-241
Author(s):  
Ye Dai ◽  
Hui-Bing Zhang ◽  
Yun-Shan Qi
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Valve Mechanism ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Valve Structure ◽  
Valve Leakage ◽  
Safety And Reliability

Background: Valves are an important part of nuclear power plants and are the control equipment used in nuclear power plants. It can change the cross-section of the passage and the flow direction of the medium and has the functions of diversion, cutoff, overflow, and the like. Due to the earthquake, the valve leaks, which will cause a major nuclear accident, endangering people's lives and safety. Objective: The purpose of this study is to synthesize the existing valve devices, summarize and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of various devices from many literatures and patents, and solve some problems of existing valves. Methods: This article summarizes various patents of nuclear-grade valve devices and recent research progress. From the valve structure device, transmission device, a detection device, and finally to the valve test, the advantages and disadvantages of the valve are comprehensively analyzed. Results: By summarizing the characteristics of a large number of valve devices, and analyzing some problems existing in the valves, the outlook for the research and design of nuclear power valves was made, and the planning of the national nuclear power strategic goals and energy security were planned. Conclusion: Valve damage can cause serious safety accidents. The most common is valve leakage. Therefore, the safety and reliability of valves must be taken seriously. By improving the transmission of the valve, the problems of complicated valve structure and high cost are solved.

scholarly journals Research on the Operating Characteristics of Hydraulic Free-Piston Engines: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3530
Author(s):  
Fukang Ma ◽  
Shuanlu Zhang ◽  
Zhenfeng Zhao ◽  
Yifang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Piston Engine ◽  
Free Piston ◽  
Free Piston Engine

The hydraulic free-piston engine (HFPE) is a kind of hybrid-powered machine which combines the reciprocating piston-type internal combustion engine and the plunger pump as a whole. In recent years, the HFPE has been investigated by a number of research groups worldwide due to its potential advantages of high efficiency, energy savings, reduced emissions and multi-fuel operation. Therefore, our study aimed to assess the operating characteristics, core questions and research progress of HFPEs via a systematic review and meta-analysis. We included operational control, starting characteristics, misfire characteristics, in-cylinder working processes and operating stability. We conducted the literature search using electronic databases. The research on HFPEs has mainly concentrated on four kinds of free-piston engine, according to piston arrangement form: single piston, dual pistons, opposed pistons and four-cylinder complex configuration. HFPE research in China is mainly conducted in Zhejiang University, Tianjin University, Jilin University and the Beijing Institute of Technology. In addition, in China, research has mainly focused on the in-cylinder combustion process while a piston is free by considering in-cylinder combustion machinery and piston dynamics. Regarding future research, it is very important that we solve the instabilities brought about by chance fluctuations in the combustion process, which will involve the hydraulic system’s efficiency, the cyclical variation, the method of predicting instability and the recovery after instability.

scholarly journals A Review of Hydrogen Purification Technologies for Fuel Cell Vehicles

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Zhemin Du ◽  
Congmin Liu ◽  
Junxiang Zhai ◽  
Xiuying Guo ◽  
Yalin Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Impurity Content ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicle ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Hydrogen Purification ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicles ◽  
Low Carbon

Nowadays, we face a series of global challenges, including the growing depletion of fossil energy, environmental pollution, and global warming. The replacement of coal, petroleum, and natural gas by secondary energy resources is vital for sustainable development. Hydrogen (H2) energy is considered the ultimate energy in the 21st century because of its diverse sources, cleanliness, low carbon emission, flexibility, and high efficiency. H2 fuel cell vehicles are commonly the end-point application of H2 energy. Owing to their zero carbon emission, they are gradually replacing traditional vehicles powered by fossil fuel. As the H2 fuel cell vehicle industry rapidly develops, H2 fuel supply, especially H2 quality, attracts increasing attention. Compared with H2 for industrial use, the H2 purity requirements for fuel cells are not high. Still, the impurity content is strictly controlled since even a low amount of some impurities may irreversibly damage fuel cells’ performance and running life. This paper reviews different versions of current standards concerning H2 for fuel cell vehicles in China and abroad. Furthermore, we analyze the causes and developing trends for the changes in these standards in detail. On the other hand, according to characteristics of H2 for fuel cell vehicles, standard H2 purification technologies, such as pressure swing adsorption (PSA), membrane separation and metal hydride separation, were analyzed, and the latest research progress was reviewed.

scholarly journals Research progress of viscoelastic surfactants for enhanced oil recovery

2021 ◽  
pp. 014459872098020
Author(s):  
Ruizhi Hu ◽  
Shanfa Tang ◽  
Musa Mpelwa ◽  
Zhaowen Jiang ◽  
Shuyun Feng
Keyword(s):  
Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Surfactant Flooding ◽  
Sweep Efficiency ◽  
The World ◽  
Washing Efficiency ◽  
Viscoelastic Surfactants ◽  
Viscoelastic Surfactant

Although new energy has been widely used in our lives, oil is still one of the main energy sources in the world. After the application of traditional oil recovery methods, there are still a large number of oil layers that have not been exploited, and there is still a need to further increase oil recovery to meet the urgent need for oil in the world economic development. Chemically enhanced oil recovery (CEOR) is considered to be a kind of effective enhanced oil recovery technology, which has achieved good results in the field, but these technologies cannot simultaneously effectively improve oil sweep efficiency, oil washing efficiency, good injectability, and reservoir environment adaptability. Viscoelastic surfactants (VES) have unique micelle structure and aggregation behavior, high efficiency in reducing the interfacial tension of oil and water, and the most important and unique viscoelasticity, etc., which has attracted the attention of academics and field experts and introduced into the technical research of enhanced oil recovery. In this paper, the mechanism and research status of viscoelastic surfactant flooding are discussed in detail and focused, and the results of viscoelastic surfactant flooding experiments under different conditions are summarized. Finally, the problems to be solved by viscoelastic surfactant flooding are introduced, and the countermeasures to solve the problems are put forward. This overview presents extensive information about viscoelastic surfactant flooding used for EOR, and is intended to help researchers and professionals in this field understand the current situation.

Analysis of Advanced Research Methods of Cement-Based Materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 633 ◽  
pp. 494-497
Author(s):  
Yan Zheng ◽  
Su Ping Cui ◽  
Ya Li Wang ◽  
Zi Ming Wang ◽  
Qian Jin Mao
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Microstructural Development ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Complex Phenomenon ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Cement Based Materials ◽  
Microscopy Techniques ◽  
Application Prospects

The hydration of cement is known to be a complex phenomenon. Although the broad pattern of reactions and microstructural development are known, a number of important questions remain unanswered. How to select the proper techniques is what the research people think of for now. This paper reviewed the domestic and international research progress and presented the advantages and disadvantages of these methods and the application prospects. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), nanoindentation and electron microscopy techniques of cements were expounded in detail. Furthermore, through analyzing the results obtained by different research methods, the paper predicted the development prospect of advanced testing method of cement-based materials.

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