scholarly journals Phytochemicals That Influence Gut Microbiota as Prophylactics and for the Treatment of Obesity and Inflammatory Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucrecia Carrera-Quintanar ◽  
Rocío I. López Roa ◽  
Saray Quintero-Fabián ◽  
Marina A. Sánchez-Sánchez ◽  
Barbara Vizmanos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Improve Health

Gut microbiota (GM) plays several crucial roles in host physiology and influences several relevant functions. In more than one respect, it can be said that you “feed your microbiota and are fed by it.” GM diversity is affected by diet and influences metabolic and immune functions of the host’s physiology. Consequently, an imbalance of GM, or dysbiosis, may be the cause or at least may lead to the progression of various pathologies such as infectious diseases, gastrointestinal cancers, inflammatory bowel disease, and even obesity and diabetes. Therefore, GM is an appropriate target for nutritional interventions to improve health. For this reason, phytochemicals that can influence GM have recently been studied as adjuvants for the treatment of obesity and inflammatory diseases. Phytochemicals include prebiotics and probiotics, as well as several chemical compounds such as polyphenols and derivatives, carotenoids, and thiosulfates. The largest group of these comprises polyphenols, which can be subclassified into four main groups: flavonoids (including eight subgroups), phenolic acids (such as curcumin), stilbenoids (such as resveratrol), and lignans. Consequently, in this review, we will present, organize, and discuss the most recent evidence indicating a relationship between the effects of different phytochemicals on GM that affect obesity and/or inflammation, focusing on the effect of approximately 40 different phytochemical compounds that have been chemically identified and that constitute some natural reservoir, such as potential prophylactics, as candidates for the treatment of obesity and inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Rhubarb Supplementation Prevents Diet-Induced Obesity and Diabetes in Association with Increased Akkermansia muciniphila in Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2932
Author(s):  
Marion Régnier ◽  
Marialetizia Rastelli ◽  
Arianne Morissette ◽  
Francesco Suriano ◽  
Tiphaine Le Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Akkermansia Muciniphila ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Triglyceride Accumulation ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Nutritional Compounds ◽  
Improve Health

Obesity and obesity-related disorders, such as type 2 diabetes have been progressively increasing worldwide and treatments have failed to counteract their progression. Growing evidence have demonstrated that gut microbiota is associated with the incidence of these pathologies. Hence, the identification of new nutritional compounds, able to improve health through a modulation of gut microbiota, is gaining interest. In this context, the aim of this study was to investigate the gut-driving effects of rhubarb extract in a context of diet-induced obesity and diabetes. Eight weeks old C57BL6/J male mice were fed a control diet (CTRL), a high fat and high sucrose diet (HFHS) or a HFHS diet supplemented with 0.3% (g/g) of rhubarb extract for eight weeks. Rhubarb supplementation fully prevented HFHS-induced obesity, diabetes, visceral adiposity, adipose tissue inflammation and liver triglyceride accumulation, without any modification in food intake. By combining sequencing and qPCR methods, we found that all these effects were associated with a blooming of Akkermansia muciniphila, which is strongly correlated with increased expression of Reg3γ in the colon. Our data showed that rhubarb supplementation is sufficient to protect against metabolic disorders induced by a diet rich in lipid and carbohydrates in association with a reciprocal interaction between Akkermansia muciniphila and Reg3γ.

The Role of Probiotics and Prebiotics in the Composition of the Gut Microbiota and Their Influence on Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Obesity, and Diabetes

2021 ◽  
pp. 113-128
Author(s):  
Rafael Resende Maldonado ◽  
Ana Lúcia Alves Caram ◽  
Daniela Soares de Oliveira ◽  
Eliana Setsuko Kamimura ◽  
Mônica Roberta Mazalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

scholarly journals Capsaicin and Gut Microbiota in Health and Disease

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (23) ◽  
pp. 5681
Author(s):  
Adrian Eugen Rosca ◽  
Mara Ioana Iesanu ◽  
Carmen Denise Mihaela Zahiu ◽  
Suzana Elena Voiculescu ◽  
Alexandru Catalin Paslaru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Antimicrobial Property ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Cardioprotective Effects ◽  
New Hypothesis

Capsaicin is a widespread spice known for its analgesic qualities. Although a comprehensive body of evidence suggests pleiotropic benefits of capsaicin, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-proliferative, metabolic, or cardioprotective effects, it is frequently avoided due to reported digestive side-effects. As the gut bacterial profile is strongly linked to diet and capsaicin displays modulatory effects on gut microbiota, a new hypothesis has recently emerged about its possible applicability against widespread pathologies, such as metabolic and inflammatory diseases. The present review explores the capsaicin–microbiota crosstalk and capsaicin effect on dysbiosis, and illustrates the intimate mechanisms that underlie its action in preventing the onset or development of pathologies like obesity, diabetes, or inflammatory bowel diseases. A possible antimicrobial property of capsaicin, mediated by the beneficial alteration of microbiota, is also discussed. However, as data are coming mostly from experimental models, caution is needed in translating these findings to humans.

scholarly journals From homeostasis to pathology: decrypting microbe–host symbiotic signals in the intestinal crypt

2016 ◽  
Vol 371 (1707) ◽  
pp. 20150500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Pédron ◽  
Giulia Nigro ◽  
Philippe J. Sansonetti
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Intestinal Crypt ◽  
Mutualistic Symbiosis ◽  
Epithelial Regeneration ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Metagenomic analysis of the human intestinal microbiome has provided a wealth of information that allowed an exceptionally detailed description of its microbial content and physiological potential. It also set the basis for studies allowing correlation of alterations in the balance of this microbiota and the occurrence of a certain number of emerging diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases, obesity and diabetes, and possibly colorectal cancer. The time has come to give the intestinal microbiota in symbiosis with its host an experimental dimension. This brief review summarizes our attempt at developing a cellular microbiology of the mutualistic symbiosis established between the gut microbiota and the host intestinal surface. Particular attention is paid to the intestinal crypt, due to its role in epithelial regeneration. This article is part of the themed issue ‘The new bacteriology’.

scholarly journals The Potential Role of Phytonutrients Flavonoids Influencing Gut Microbiota in the Prophylaxis and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Wang ◽  
Mengxue Gao ◽  
Guangbo Kang ◽  
He Huang
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Mammalian Intestine

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), characterized by the chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, is comprised of two idiopathic chronic intestinal inflammatory diseases. As the incidence of IBD increases, so does the need for safe and effective treatments. Trillions of microorganisms are colonized in the mammalian intestine, coevolve with the host in a symbiotic relationship. Gut microbiota has been reported to be involved in the pathophysiology of IBD. In this regard, phytonutrients flavonoids have received increasing attention for their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In this review, we address recent advances in the interactions among flavonoids, gut microbiota, and IBD. Moreover, their possible potential mechanisms of action in IBD have been discussed. We conclude that there is a complex interaction between flavonoids and gut microbiota. It is expected that flavonoids can change or reshape the gut microbiota to provide important considerations for developing treatments for IBD.

Gut microbiota pattern in relation to diet, physical activity and malnutrition in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: cases-control study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Cornejo-Pareja ◽  
Beatriz Garcia-Munoz ◽  
Eduardo Romero-Perez ◽  
Eduardo Garcia-Fuentes ◽  
S Tapia-Paniagua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Control Study

The Food-gut Human Axis: The Effects of Diet on Gut Microbiota and Metabolome

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (19) ◽  
pp. 3567-3583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria De Angelis ◽  
Gabriella Garruti ◽  
Fabio Minervini ◽  
Leonilde Bonfrate ◽  
Piero Portincasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Intestinal Microbes ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
The Relationship

Gut microbiota, the largest symbiont community hosted in human organism, is emerging as a pivotal player in the relationship between dietary habits and health. Oral and, especially, intestinal microbes metabolize dietary components, affecting human health by producing harmful or beneficial metabolites, which are involved in the incidence and progression of several intestinal related and non-related diseases. Habitual diet (Western, Agrarian and Mediterranean omnivore diets, vegetarian, vegan and gluten-free diets) drives the composition of the gut microbiota and metabolome. Within the dietary components, polymers (mainly fibers, proteins, fat and polyphenols) that are not hydrolyzed by human enzymes seem to be the main leads of the metabolic pathways of gut microbiota, which in turn directly influence the human metabolome. Specific relationships between diet and microbes, microbes and metabolites, microbes and immune functions and microbes and/or their metabolites and some human diseases are being established. Dietary treatments with fibers are the most effective to benefit the metabolome profile, by improving the synthesis of short chain fatty acids and decreasing the level of molecules, such as p-cresyl sulfate, indoxyl sulfate and trimethylamine N-oxide, involved in disease state. Based on the axis diet-microbiota-health, this review aims at describing the most recent knowledge oriented towards a profitable use of diet to provide benefits to human health, both directly and indirectly, through the activity of gut microbiota.

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