scholarly journals Tobacco Smoking and Use of Smokeless Tobacco and Their Association with Psychological Distress and Other Factors in a Rural District in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fakir M. Amirul Islam ◽  
Alexandra Walton
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rural District ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Rural Bangladesh ◽  
Low Levels

Background. Tobacco smoking and use of smokeless tobacco are the most preventable cause of death in Bangladesh. The prevalence of psychological distress is increasing globally. This paper reports the smoking status and their association with psychological distress and other factors in a rural district, Narail, of Bangladesh. Materials and Methods. Data were collected from 2425 adults of age 18–90 years. Smoking status along with sociodemographic characteristics and measures of psychological distress using the Kessler 10-item questionnaire were collected using a face-to-face data collection method. Results. The crude (age-standardized) prevalence of ever smoking was 27.1 (24.3)% that includes current 25.6 (23.7) and smoker 1.5 (0.6)%, and the prevalence of smokeless tobacco (SLT) was 23.5 (13.4)%. The prevalence of ever smoking was the highest in daily labourers (62.9%) and SLT use was the highest in widowed people (47.2%). After adjustment for covariates, no education (odds ratio (OR): 3.78, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.57–9.07 for females and OR: 2.69, 95% CI: 1.87–3.87 for males) compared to at least secondary level of education and daily labours (OR: 6.66, 95% CI: 1.67–26.6 for females and OR: 5.12, 95% CI: 1.30–20.19 for males) compared to housework were associated with higher prevalence of ever smoking. Any level of psychological distress, such as mild psychological distress, was associated with at least double the prevalence of tobacco smoking in females (OR: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.67–3.83) but not in males (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 0.80–1.56). Psychological distress was not associated with SLT use. Conclusions. Prevalence of both smoking and SLT use was high, particularly in daily labourers, people with no education, and females with psychological distress in rural Bangladesh. Appropriate intervention programs should especially target those of low levels of education and laborious occupations for increasing awareness for the cessation of smoking in rural Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Association of Tobacco Smoking with Physical Fitness of Military Males in Taiwan: The CHIEF Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang-Ying Su ◽  
Sheng-Huei Wang ◽  
Henry Horng-Shing Lu ◽  
Gen-Min Lin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Effective Sample Size ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Run Test

Tobacco smoking has been found associated with lower cardiorespiratory fitness in white and black males; however, few studies have not been conducted to clarify such relationship in Asian males. We performed a cross-sectional study to investigate the association between tobacco smoking status and physical fitness in 3,669 military males, averaged 29.4 years of age, from the cardiorespiratory fitness and hospitalization events in armed forces (CHIEF) study in Taiwan during 2014. There were 1,376 current smokers, and the others were noncurrent smokers. The effective sample size estimated was 1,230 participants, as the margin of error was ±3% at the 99% confidence level. Physical fitness was evaluated by time for a 3000-meter run test (aerobic fitness) and repetitive numbers of 2-minute sit-ups and 2-minute push-ups (anaerobic fitness) where all procedures were standardized by using computerized scoring systems. A multiple linear analysis adjusting for age, service specialty, body mass index, heart rate, alcohol intake, and training frequency was used to determine the relationship. As compared with noncurrent smoking, current smoking was inversely correlated with longer time for a 3000-meter run (β = 15.66 (95% confidence intervals (CI): 10.62, 20.70)) and fewer repetitive numbers of 2-minute sit-ups and 2-minute push-ups (β = −1.53 (95% CI: −2.08, −0.97) and −1.31 (95% CI: −2.12, −0.50), respectively). Our finding reconfirms the concept that tobacco smoking might reduce both aerobic and anaerobic fitness among young Asian males.

AN INVESTIGATION OF EATING AWARENESS RISK FACTORS IN A DISTRICT FACULTY AND VOCATIONAL SCHOOL STUDENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (15) ◽  
pp. 52-66
Author(s):  
özgür önal ◽  
Mustafa DOĞRU ◽  
Aydan KÜLCÜ
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vocational School ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Affecting Factors ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Face To Face

AIM: This research was carried out to evaluate the awareness of eating in students studying at the college and to determine the factors affecting it. METHOD: This cross-sectional study, which was carried out in students of a district faculty and vocational school with 1750 students, was applied to 330 students face-to-face with a random sampling method. Eating awareness and affecting factors were examined and the factors examined by single analyzes were resolved by multiple linear regression. RESULTS: In the study group, 66.5% of whom were women and approximately half of them were in 1 class, the factors affecting eating awareness were found to be increased by not using alcohol, seeing the body as normal or weak and making applications to lose weight. In the study, it was determined that the awareness of eating classes, exercise, smoking status and anthropometric measurement differences did not affect eating awareness. CONCLUSION: Alcohol use and studies on improving the body perceptions of people should be done in applications aimed at increasing awareness of eating.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic Characteristics and Behavioural Risk Factors in Selected Tribal Community in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Shayela Farah ◽  
Mohoshina Karim ◽  
Masuda Sultana ◽  
Abdullah Al Mahmud ◽  
Sadiqa Tahera
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Tribal Community ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Behavioural Risk Factors

Tribal and minority populations are increasingly exposed to risk factors as a result of urbanization. The study was conducted in the Rakhain community in Cox's Bazar district, Bangladesh, with the aims of determining the socio-demographic characteristics and behavioural risk factors. This cross-sectional study was done among 287 Rakhain individuals. Data were collected by face to face interview using pretested structured questionnaire. More than one third respondents were from the age group of 35-44 years. Their mean age was 40.66 (±11.275) years. Majority of the respondents were male 148(52%), married 222(77.4%) and educated up to primary level 179(62.4%). The highest proportion 68(23.7%) of the respondents were housewife and day laborer and lowest were unemployed 26(9.1%). Their average monthly family income were 17874.56 (±7208.553) Taka. Statistically significant association were found between their smoking status and socio-demographic characteristics (p <0.001). The high burden of behavioral risk factors in Rakhain community was observed in the present study. CBMJ 2016 January: Vol. 05 No. 01 P: 04-08

Prescription in Locker Box (PILBOX): Remodeling of the Medication Collection Process (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lim Jit Fan Christina ◽  
Goh Boon Kwang ◽  
Chee Wing Ling Vivian ◽  
Tang Woh Peng ◽  
Goh Qiuling Bandy
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Prescription Medications ◽  
Pharmacy Staff ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Ranking Score ◽  
Study Team ◽  
Willingness To Use

BACKGROUND Traditionally, patients wishing to obtain their prescription medications have had to present themselves physically at pharmacy counters and collect their medications via face-to-face interactions with pharmacy staff. Prescription in Locker Box (PILBOX) is a new innovation which allows patients and their caregivers to collect their medication asynchronously, 24/7 at their convenience, from medication lockers instead of from pharmacy staff and at any time convenient to them instead of being restricted to pharmacy operating hours. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the willingness by patients/caregivers to use this new innovation and factors that affect their willingness. METHODS This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted over 2 months at 2 public primary healthcare centres in Singapore. Patients or caregivers who were at least 21 yo and turned up at the pharmacies to collect medications were administered a self-developed 3-part questionnaire face-to-face by trained study team members, if they gave their consent to participate in the study. RESULTS A total of 222 participants completed the study. About 40% of them participants were willing to use the PILBOX to collect their medications. Amongst the participants who were keen to use the PILBOX service, slightly more than half (i.e. 52.8%) of them were willing to pay for the PILBOX service. The participants felt that the ease of use (3.46±1.21 i.e. mean of ranking score ± standard deviation) of the PILBOX was the most important factor that would affect their willingness to use the medication pick up service. This was followed by “waiting time” (3.37±1.33), cost of using the medication pick up service (2.96±1.44) and 24/7 accessibility (2.62±1.35). This study also found that age (p=0.006), language literacy (p=0.000), education level (p=0.000), working status (p=0.011) and personal monthly income (p=0.009) were factors that affected the willingness of the patients or caregivers to use the PILBOX. CONCLUSIONS Patients and caregivers are keen to use PILBOX to collect their medications for its convenience and the opportunity to save time, if it is easy to use and not costly.

scholarly journals Association between central non-dipping pattern and platelet morphology in adults with type 1 diabetes without cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Kulecki ◽  
Dariusz Naskret ◽  
Mikolaj Kaminski ◽  
Dominika Kasprzak ◽  
Pawel Lachowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Platelet Morphology ◽  
Oscillometric Device

AbstractThe non-dipping pattern is nighttime systolic blood pressure (SBP) fall of less than 10%. Several studies showed that the non-dipping pattern, increased mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet distribution width (PDW) are associated with elevated cardiovascular risk. Hypertensives with the non-dipping pattern have higher MPV than the dippers but this relationship was never investigated among people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). This study aimed to investigate the association between the central dipping pattern and platelet morphology in T1DM subjects. We measured the central and brachial blood pressure with a validated non-invasive brachial oscillometric device—Arteriograph 24—during twenty-four-hour analysis in T1DM subjects without diagnosed hypertension. The group was divided based on the central dipping pattern for the dippers and the non-dippers. From a total of 62 subjects (32 males) aged 30.1 (25.7–37) years with T1DM duration 15.0 (9.0–20) years, 36 were non-dippers. The non-dipper group had significantly higher MPV (MPV (10.8 [10.3–11.5] vs 10.4 [10.0–10.7] fl; p = 0.041) and PDW (13.2 [11.7–14.9] vs 12.3 [11.7–12.8] fl; p = 0.029) than dipper group. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that MPV (OR 3.74; 95% CI 1.48–9.45; p = 0.005) and PDW (OR 1.91; 95% CI 1.22–3.00; p = 0.005) were positively associated with central non-dipping pattern adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, daily insulin intake, and height. MPV and PDW are positively associated with the central non-dipping pattern among people with T1DM.

scholarly journals Comparison of predicted psychological distress among workers between artificial intelligence and psychiatrists: a cross-sectional study in Tsukuba Science City, Japan

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e046265
Author(s):  
Shotaro Doki ◽  
Shinichiro Sasahara ◽  
Daisuke Hori ◽  
Yuichi Oi ◽  
Tsukasa Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Data

ObjectivesPsychological distress is a worldwide problem and a serious problem that needs to be addressed in the field of occupational health. This study aimed to use artificial intelligence (AI) to predict psychological distress among workers using sociodemographic, lifestyle and sleep factors, not subjective information such as mood and emotion, and to examine the performance of the AI models through a comparison with psychiatrists.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingWe conducted a survey on psychological distress and living conditions among workers. An AI model for predicting psychological distress was created and then the results were compared in terms of accuracy with predictions made by psychiatrists.ParticipantsAn AI model of the neural network and six psychiatrists.Primary outcomeThe accuracies of the AI model and psychiatrists for predicting psychological distress.MethodsIn total, data from 7251 workers were analysed to predict moderate and severe psychological distress. An AI model of the neural network was created and accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were calculated. Six psychiatrists used the same data as the AI model to predict psychological distress and conduct a comparison with the AI model.ResultsThe accuracies of the AI model and psychiatrists for predicting moderate psychological distress were 65.2% and 64.4%, respectively, showing no significant difference. The accuracies of the AI model and psychiatrists for predicting severe psychological distress were 89.9% and 85.5%, respectively, indicating that the AI model had significantly higher accuracy.ConclusionsA machine learning model was successfully developed to screen workers with depressed mood. The explanatory variables used for the predictions did not directly ask about mood. Therefore, this newly developed model appears to be able to predict psychological distress among workers easily, regardless of their subjective views.

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