Association of Tobacco Smoking with Physical Fitness of Military Males in Taiwan: The CHIEF Study

Tobacco smoking has been found associated with lower cardiorespiratory fitness in white and black males; however, few studies have not been conducted to clarify such relationship in Asian males. We performed a cross-sectional study to investigate the association between tobacco smoking status and physical fitness in 3,669 military males, averaged 29.4 years of age, from the cardiorespiratory fitness and hospitalization events in armed forces (CHIEF) study in Taiwan during 2014. There were 1,376 current smokers, and the others were noncurrent smokers. The effective sample size estimated was 1,230 participants, as the margin of error was ±3% at the 99% confidence level. Physical fitness was evaluated by time for a 3000-meter run test (aerobic fitness) and repetitive numbers of 2-minute sit-ups and 2-minute push-ups (anaerobic fitness) where all procedures were standardized by using computerized scoring systems. A multiple linear analysis adjusting for age, service specialty, body mass index, heart rate, alcohol intake, and training frequency was used to determine the relationship. As compared with noncurrent smoking, current smoking was inversely correlated with longer time for a 3000-meter run (β = 15.66 (95% confidence intervals (CI): 10.62, 20.70)) and fewer repetitive numbers of 2-minute sit-ups and 2-minute push-ups (β = −1.53 (95% CI: −2.08, −0.97) and −1.31 (95% CI: −2.12, −0.50), respectively). Our finding reconfirms the concept that tobacco smoking might reduce both aerobic and anaerobic fitness among young Asian males.

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Tobacco Smoking and Use of Smokeless Tobacco and Their Association with Psychological Distress and Other Factors in a Rural District in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of Environmental and Public Health ◽

10.1155/2019/1424592 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fakir M. Amirul Islam ◽

Alexandra Walton

Keyword(s):

Psychological Distress ◽

Smokeless Tobacco ◽

Tobacco Smoking ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Rural District ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Face To Face ◽

Rural Bangladesh ◽

Low Levels

Background. Tobacco smoking and use of smokeless tobacco are the most preventable cause of death in Bangladesh. The prevalence of psychological distress is increasing globally. This paper reports the smoking status and their association with psychological distress and other factors in a rural district, Narail, of Bangladesh. Materials and Methods. Data were collected from 2425 adults of age 18–90 years. Smoking status along with sociodemographic characteristics and measures of psychological distress using the Kessler 10-item questionnaire were collected using a face-to-face data collection method. Results. The crude (age-standardized) prevalence of ever smoking was 27.1 (24.3)% that includes current 25.6 (23.7) and smoker 1.5 (0.6)%, and the prevalence of smokeless tobacco (SLT) was 23.5 (13.4)%. The prevalence of ever smoking was the highest in daily labourers (62.9%) and SLT use was the highest in widowed people (47.2%). After adjustment for covariates, no education (odds ratio (OR): 3.78, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.57–9.07 for females and OR: 2.69, 95% CI: 1.87–3.87 for males) compared to at least secondary level of education and daily labours (OR: 6.66, 95% CI: 1.67–26.6 for females and OR: 5.12, 95% CI: 1.30–20.19 for males) compared to housework were associated with higher prevalence of ever smoking. Any level of psychological distress, such as mild psychological distress, was associated with at least double the prevalence of tobacco smoking in females (OR: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.67–3.83) but not in males (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 0.80–1.56). Psychological distress was not associated with SLT use. Conclusions. Prevalence of both smoking and SLT use was high, particularly in daily labourers, people with no education, and females with psychological distress in rural Bangladesh. Appropriate intervention programs should especially target those of low levels of education and laborious occupations for increasing awareness for the cessation of smoking in rural Bangladesh.

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Cardiorespiratory fitness is strongly linked to metabolic syndrome among physical fitness components: a retrospective cross-sectional study

Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY ◽

10.1186/s40101-020-00241-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bokun Kim ◽

Minjae Ku ◽

Tanaka Kiyoji ◽

Tomonori Isobe ◽

Takeji Sakae ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Whole Body ◽

Fitness Components ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Maintaining a good level of physical fitness from engaging in regular exercise is important for the treatment and prevention of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, which components constitutive of physical fitness confer the greatest influence remains controversial. This retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between MetS and physical fitness components including cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, flexibility, and agility and to identify which physical fitness components have the largest influence on MetS. Methods A total of 168 Japanese adult males aged 25–64 years were allocated into non-MetS, pre-MetS, and MetS groups according to the criteria recommended by the Japanese Society of Internal Medicine. Anthropometric measurement of body composition by whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and measures related to MetS, including waist circumference, triglyceride level, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, blood pressure, glucose level, and physical fitness components, were assessed. For evaluation of cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, flexibility, agility, and balance, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2peak) and oxygen uptake at anaerobic threshold (VO2AnT), handgrip strength and vertical jumping, trunk extension and flexion, stepping side to side, and single-leg balance task with the eyes closed were assessed, respectively. Results A progressive tendency of increasing body weight, body mass index, whole-body lean and fat mass, percentage of whole-body fat mass, trunk lean and fat mass, percentage of trunk fat mass, arm fat mass, waist circumference, triglyceride level, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and blood glucose level from the non-MetS group to the MetS group was significant (P < 0.05). Conversely, the cardiorespiratory endurance parameters VO2peak and VO2AnT and the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level showed a progressively decreasing tendency across the groups (P < 0.01). In addition, a VO2peak below 29.84 ml·kg·min−1 (P = 0.028) and VO2AnT below 15.89 ml·kg·min−1 (P = 0.011) were significant risk components for pre-MetS and MetS. However, there was no significant tendency with respect to muscle strength, agility, and flexibility. Conclusion Cardiorespiratory fitness is strongly linked to metabolic syndrome among physical fitness components

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Physical Fitness and the Level of Pain Intensity in Adolescents: A School-based Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16132410 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (13) ◽

pp. 2410

Author(s):

Zvonar ◽

Kasović ◽

Štefan

Keyword(s):

Waist Circumference ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Pain Intensity ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Standing Long Jump ◽

Fitness Index ◽

Long Jump

Background: The main aim of the study was to explore the association between objectively measured physical fitness and the level of pain intensity. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we included 1036 adolescents (mage ± SD = 16.3 ± 1.1 years; mheight ± SD = 1.74 ± 0.1 m; mweight ± SD = 64.7 ± 12.4 kg; mbody-mass index ± SD = 21.3 ± 3.0 kg/m2) from 11 secondary schools located in the city of Zagreb (Croatia). Physical fitness was determined by using waist circumference, sit-ups in 1 min, standing long jump and sit-and-reach tests. Overall physical fitness index was calculated by summing the z-score values of each physical fitness test. The level of pain intensity was assessed with the Numeric Pain Rating Scale, a one-dimensional measure of pain intensity. Associations were calculated with correlation analyses. Results: In boys, pain intensity was associated with sit-ups in 1 min (r = −0.16, p < 0.001), standing long jump (r = −0.14, p = 0.003) and overall physical fitness index (r = −0.13, p = 0.004), while no significant associations with waist circumference (r = 0.04, p = 0.438) and sit-and-reach test (r = −0.01, p = 0.822) were observed. In girls, pain intensity was associated with standing long jump (r = −0.17, p < 0.001) and overall physical fitness index (r = −0.10, p = 0.018), while no significant associations with waist circumference (r = 0.01, p = 0.735), sit-ups in 1 min (r = −0.06, p = 0.126) and sit-and-reach test (r = −0.05, p = 0.232) were observed. When we adjusted for self-rated health, sleep duration, smoking status, alcohol consumption, screen-time and psychological distress, similar associations remained. Conclusions: Our study shows a weak association between physical fitness and pain intensity in a large sample of adolescents. Although a cross-sectional design, health-professionals should use physical fitness as a screening tool to assess the level of pain intensity.

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Associations Between Self-Rated Health With Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Obesity Status Among Adolescent Girls

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.9.3.378 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 378-381 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Jorge Mota ◽

Rute M. Santos ◽

Pedro Silva ◽

Luisa Aires ◽

Clarice Martins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Adolescent Girls ◽

Weight Status ◽

Task Force ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Self Rated Health ◽

Obesity Status ◽

Run Test

Background:The main goal of this study was to analyze the associations between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body mass index (BMI) with self-rated health (SRH) of adolescent girls.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study of 533 adolescents girls, aged from 10 to 18 years old. CRF was predicted by maximal multistage 20-m shuttle-run test according to procedures described from FITNESSGRAM. Girls’ obesity status was classified according to International Obesity Task Force and Self-rated health (SRH) was assessed by questionnaire.Results:The findings showed that among adolescent girls 23.2% had negative SRH. Girls who were classified as unfit were more likely to report negative SRH in both univariate logistic (OR: 3.05; CI: 1.91−4.87; P < .05) and multivariate (OR: 2.93; CI: 1.82−4.72; P < .05) regression analyses compared with their fit peers. Obese girls were more likely to report negative SRH (OR: 2.30; CI: 1.14−4.62; P < .05) compared with their normal-weight counterparts. However such association was lost in multivariate analyses suggesting an effect of CRF.Conclusions:Negative perception of health was associated with lower CRF and weight status although such association it is mediated by CRF condition.

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Association between Creativity and Memory with Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Lifestyle among Chilean Schoolchildren

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13061799 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1799

Author(s):

Felipe Caamaño-Navarrete ◽

Pedro Á. Latorre-Román ◽

Juan A. Párraga-Montilla ◽

Cristian Álvarez ◽

Pedro Delgado-Floody

Keyword(s):

Sleep Duration ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Food Habits ◽

Positive Association ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Long Term Memory ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adherence Score ◽

Run Test

The objective was to investigate the association between creativity and memory with cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF; i.e., CFR classification and O2max); lifestyle parameters (i.e., physical activity (PA), sleep duration, screen time (ST), and food habits); and anthropometric measures (i.e., body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC)) among Chilean schoolchildren. A total of 248 schoolchildren (137 boys, 111 girls, 11.80 ± 1.17 and 11.58 ± 1.09 years, respectively) participated in the cross-sectional study. Creativity, memory, concentration, and selective attention and lifestyle (PA, ST, sleep duration, and Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence) were measured using a standard questionnaire. CRF (measured by the 20 m shuttle run test and expressed as maximum oxygen consumption O2max) and anthropometric measures (BMI and WC) were also included. Creativity showed a positive association with O2max (ml/kg/min) (β; 0.209, 95% CI; 0.02–0.40, p = p < 0.05) and MD Adherence (score) (β; 0.206, 95% CI; 0.01; 0.74, p = p < 0.05). Long-term memory reported a positive association with CRF (β; 1.076, 95% CI; 0.02–2.13, p = p < 0.05). An increase in CRF levels, together with healthy food habits and normal nutritional status, should be a target for community- and school-based interventions to promote cognitive development in creativity and memory among schoolchildren.

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Functional endurance capacity is associated with multiple other physical fitness components in 7–14-year-olds: a cross-sectional study

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-10702-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mario Kasović ◽

Lovro Štefan ◽

Vilko Petrić ◽

Vesna Štemberger ◽

Iva Blažević

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Body Mass ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Endurance Capacity ◽

Fitness Components ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Test Measure ◽

Run Test ◽

Shuttle Run

Abstract Background Although evidence suggests that functional endurance capacity is the most important component associated with future health, little is known of how it is associated with multiple other physical fitness components. Since various physical fitness aspects do not change the same as functional endurance capacity during childhood, it is necessary to establish possible associations between functional endurance capacity and other physical fitness components in children. Therefore, the main purpose of the study was to test the associations between functional endurance capacity with other physical fitness components in 7–14-year-old children, stratified by gender. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 1612 children [mean age ± standard deviation (SD) = 9.72 ± 2.37 years; 52.5% girls). Health-related physical fitness components included: 1) body-mass index (kg/m2) calculated from height and weight (measure of body size), 2) sit-and-reach test (measure of flexibility), 3) standing broad jump (measure of explosive strength of lower extremities), 4) sit-ups in 30 s (measure of repetitive strength of the trunk), 5) 10 × 5 shuttle run test (measure of agility) and 6) 20-m shuttle run test (measure of functional endurance capacity). The associations were performed using generalized estimating equations with beta (β) coefficients. Results After adjusting for age, functional endurance capacity was associated with sit-and-reach test (β = 0.13, p < 0.001), standing broad jump (β = 0.59, p < 0.001), sit-ups in 30 s (β = 0.53, p < 0.001) and 10 × 5 shuttle run test (β = − 0.56, p < 0.001) in boys. In girls, functional endurance capacity was associated with body-mass index (β = − 0.12, p < 0.001), sit-and-reach test (β = 0.21, p < 0.001), standing broad jump (β = 0.25, p < 0.001), sit-ups in 30 s (β = 0.36, p < 0.001) and 10 × 5 shuttle run test (β = − 0.40, p < 0.001). No significant associations between functional endurance capacity and body-mass index in boys were observed. Conclusions Although significant, functional endurance capacity is weakly to moderately associated with other physical fitness components, pointing out that such measure should be tested separately from other aspects of physical fitness in school-aged children.

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Associations of mode and distance of commuting to school with cardiorespiratory fitness in Slovenian schoolchildren: a nationwide cross-sectional study

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-10326-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Gregor Jurak ◽

Maroje Soric ◽

Vedrana Sember ◽

Sasa Djuric ◽

Gregor Starc ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Linear Models ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Active Commuting ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Main Effect ◽

Commuting Mode ◽

Run Test ◽

Shuttle Run

Abstract Background It is unclear whether active commuting has the potential to improve children’s health. This study examined the association of commuting mode and distance with children’s cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study, including 713 Slovenian schoolchildren aged 12 to 15 years. Commuting modes were self-reported, and four commuting groups were constructed, while CRF was determined with a 20-m shuttle run test. The distance from home to school was calculated using the Geographic Information System. Effects of commuting mode and distance, controlling for age, gender and amount of total physical activity, were evaluated using general two linear models (one for each direction of commuting to/from school). Results The main effect of commuting group on CRF and its interaction with distance were significant in the direction from school to home (P = 0.013 and P = 0.028, respectively), but not in the opposite direction. Predicted differences in CRF between commuting groups were moderate and generally higher in males than in females. When comparing commuting group median distance from home to school, males driven by car had around 4 ml/min/kg lower predicted CRF than those who walked (P = 0.01) or used wheels commuting (e.g., bicycle, skateboard). Conclusions The distance of commuting had a small effect on CRF, except in the Car group where children who live close to school had significantly lower CRF than those living further away. Children driven by car who live within wheels or walk distance from school should be targeted by interventions promoting active transport.

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Poor Physical Fitness Performance as a Predictor of General Adiposity in Taiwanese Adults

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17082686 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (8) ◽

pp. 2686

Author(s):

Yi-Tien Lin ◽

Po-Fu Lee ◽

Tian-Shyug Lee ◽

Chien-Chang Ho

Keyword(s):

Physical Fitness ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Study Data ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Obesity Status ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Fitness Tests ◽

Health Related

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between different levels of health-related physical fitness measurements and obesity status in Taiwanese adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted by reviewing the National Physical Fitness Survey in Taiwan (HPFSIT) database. Responses from 60,056 participants, aged 23–64 years from the database were collected in the present study. Data from a standardized structured questionnaire and health-related physical fitness tests were analyzed. The quartiles of each physical fitness measurement were used for unconditional logistic regression analyses. Our results indicated clear trends in the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and overweight/obesity. Overweight and obesity were associated with a 10% to 60% increased risk of low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness in men and a 10% to almost 30% increased risk in women. However, the association between muscle strength/endurance and obesity status as well as flexibility and obesity status needs further investigation.

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Development of Cardiorespiratory Fitness Standards for Working Memory Using Receiver Operating Curves In 15-Year-Old Adolescents

10.21203/rs.3.rs-88014/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Vinicius Muller Reis Weber ◽

Daniel Zanardini Fernandes ◽

Leonardo Alex Volpato ◽

Maria Raquel Oliveira Bueno ◽

Marcelo Romanzini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Memory Performance ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Roc Curve Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Run Test ◽

Normal Performance ◽

Shuttle Run ◽

Receiver Operating

Abstract Working memory performance is associated with better academic achievements in children and adolescents, and it is positively related to CRF. However, what level of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) discriminates higher working memory performance is not known. The purpose of this study was to identify thresholds of CRF linked to working memory in adolescents. Data of 141 adolescents (53.2% girls) were collected (14.9 years) from a cross-sectional study during the year 2019. CRF was assessed by the 20-m shuttle run test, and maximal oxygen uptake were calculated by Mahar´s equation. Working memory was evaluated by the Corsi blocks test and the performance was classified by percentiles. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to identify CRF thresholds. The results of ROC analysis indicated that CRF could be used to discriminate working memory in adolescents. CRF thresholds of ³45.03 ml.kg-1.min-1for boys and ³36.63 ml.kg-1.min-1for girls were found to be indicative of “normal” performance in working memory. ConclusionCRF could discriminate low and normal working memory performance in 14-16 years old adolescents. These thresholds could allow for earlier identification and intervention of low working memory performance by the CRF.

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Low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and abdominal resistance are associated with metabolic risk in schoolchildren

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1515/jpem-2018-0236 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 455-460 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Neri Saldanha Filho ◽

Cézane Priscila Reuter ◽

Jane Dagmar Pollo Renner ◽

Cláudia Daniela Barbian ◽

João Francisco de Castro Silveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Fitness ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Prevalence Ratio ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Metabolic Risk ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Continuous Metabolic Syndrome Score ◽

Low Levels

Abstract Background Low levels of physical fitness are associated with metabolic disorders in adults. However, this relationship has been little explored in children and adolescents. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether there is an association between physical fitness related to health and the presence of metabolic risk in schoolchildren. Methods The sample for this cross-sectional study was composed of 1251 schoolchildren of both genders between 7 and 17 years of age. Three indicators of physical fitness related to health were evaluated: cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), flexibility and abdominal resistance. The continuous metabolic syndrome score (cMetS) was calculated by using the sum of the Z scores of the following indicators: body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure, glucose, total cholesterol, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c and LDL-c) and triglycerides. Subsequently, the cMetS was dichotomized, considering the presence or absence of metabolic risk. The data were analyzed using prevalence ratio (PR) values and 95% confidence intervals (CI), using Poisson regression. Results A higher prevalence of metabolic risk was found among students with low levels of CRF (PR: 1.48; CI: 1.10–1.98) and abdominal resistance (PR: 1.45; CI: 1.08–1.95). No association with flexibility was found. Conclusions Low levels of CRF and abdominal resistance are associated with the presence of metabolic risk in schoolchildren.

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