scholarly journals Functional Brain Plasticity Associated with ACL Injury: A Scoping Review of Current Evidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Neto ◽  
T. Sayer ◽  
D. Theisen ◽  
A. Mierau
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Functional Neuroplasticity

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a common problem with consequences ranging from chronic joint instability to early development of osteoarthritis. Recent studies suggest that changes in brain activity (i.e., functional neuroplasticity) may be related to ACL injury. The purpose of this article is to summarize the available evidence of functional brain plasticity after an ACL injury. A scoping review was conducted following the guidelines of the Joanna Briggs Institute and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The terms “brain,” “activity,” “neuroplasticity,” “ACL,” “injury,” and “reconstruction” were used in an electronic search of articles in PubMed, PEDro, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus databases. Eligible studies included the following criteria: (a) population with ACL injury, (b) a measure of brain activity, and (c) a comparison to the ACL-injured limb (contralateral leg or healthy controls). The search yielded 184 articles from which 24 were included in this review. The effect size of differences in brain activity ranged from small (0.05, ACL-injured vs. noninjured limbs) to large (4.07, ACL-injured vs. healthy control). Moreover, heterogeneity was observed in the methods used to measure brain activity and in the characteristics of the participants included. In conclusion, the evidence summarized in this scoping review supports the notion of functional neuroplastic changes in people with ACL injury. The techniques used to measure brain activity and the presence of possible confounders, as identified and reported in this review, should be considered in future research to increase the level of evidence for functional neuroplasticity following ACL injury.

scholarly journals A comprehensive scoping review of tibial cysts after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuno Camelo Barbosa ◽  
João Pedro Campos ◽  
Vânia Capelão ◽  
Vikram Kandhari ◽  
Thais Dutra Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Cyst Formation ◽  
Graft Fixation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Absorbable Implants ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Cyst Development

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to perform a scoping review of published literature reporting on surgical management of tibial cysts which developed after ACLR. Methods A scoping review was conducted following the Arksey and O’Malley framework for scoping studies and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. A search strategy using the terms [“Tibial Cyst” AND “ACL”], [“Pretibial Cyst” AND “ACL”] was applied to the PUBMED database. Results Thirty-seven studies published between 1990 and 2019 were a part of this scoping review. Non-absorbable implants for tibial graft fixation were used in 10 studies (comprising a total 21 patients), while bio-absorbable implants were used in 27 studies (comprising a total 115 patients). Incidence of tibial cyst was reported in 3 studies (434 primary ACLRs) from whom 3.9% (n = 17) developed tibial cyst. Tibial cyst development in relation to use of bio-absorbable screws for tibial ACL graft fixation was reported in 16 studies (42.1%). Use of bio-absorbable screws with another factor was found to be related to tibial cyst development in another 1 study (2.6%). Most common symptoms were presence of mass or swelling, pain, tenderness, drainage, instability and effusion. Conclusion This scoping review demonstrated that tibial cysts is more frequently related to bioabsorbable screws, however it can also occur due to other causes. Current literature on tibial cyst after ACLR is of low-quality evidence. Future research is required to better understand aetiology, risk factors for cyst formation and the best possible mode of management. Level of evidence IV

scholarly journals A Systematically Conducted Scoping Review of the Evidence and Fidelity of Treatments for Verb Deficits in Aphasia: Verb-in-Isolation Treatments

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1S) ◽  
pp. 530-559
Author(s):  
Julie Hickin ◽  
Madeline Cruice ◽  
Lucy Dipper
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Functional Communication ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Sufficient Detail ◽  
Treatment Research ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Aphasia research demonstrates increasing interest in the treatment of verb retrieval deficits. This systematically conducted scoping review reports on the level and fidelity of the current evidence for verb treatments; on its effectiveness regarding the production of trained and untrained verbs, functional communication, sentences, and discourse; and on the potential active ingredients. Recommendations to guide clinical decision making and future research are made. Method The computerized database search included studies from January 1980 to September 2018. The level of evidence of each study was documented, as was fidelity in terms of treatment delivery, enactment, and receipt. Studies were also categorized according to the treatment methods used. Results Thirty-seven studies were accepted into the review, and all but 1 constituted a low level of evidence. Thirty-three studies (89%) described treatment in sufficient detail to allow replication, dosage was poorly reported, and the fidelity of treatment was rarely assessed. The most commonly reported treatment techniques were phonological and semantic cueing in 25 (67.5%) and 20 (54%) studies, respectively. Retrieval of trained verbs improved for 80% of participants, and improvements generalized to untrained verbs for 15% of participants. There was not sufficient detail to evaluate the impact of treatment on sentence production, functional communication, and discourse. Conclusions The evidence for verb treatments is predominantly of a low level. There are encouraging findings in terms of treatments being replicable; however, this is tempered by poor monitoring of treatment fidelity. The quality of verb treatment research would be improved by researchers reaching consensus regarding outcome measures (including generalization to, e.g., sentences and discourse) by manualizing treatment to facilitate implementation and exploring the opinions of participants. Finally, while treatment is largely effective in improving production of trained verbs, lack of generalization to untrained items leads to the recommendation that personally relevant verbs are prioritized.

scholarly journals Increased Total Cost and Lack of Diagnostic Utility for Emergency Department Visits After ACL Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 232596712110067
Author(s):  
Lambert T. Li ◽  
Carlin Chuck ◽  
Steven L. Bokshan ◽  
Brett D. Owens
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Acl Tear ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Background: Patients are commonly evaluated at the emergency department (ED) with acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears, but providers without orthopaedics training may struggle to correctly diagnose these injuries. Hypothesis: It was hypothesized that few patients would be diagnosed with an ACL tear while in the ED and that these patients would be of lower socioeconomic status and more likely to have public insurance. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The 2017 State Ambulatory Surgery and Services Database (SASD) and State Emergency Department Database (SEDD) from the state of Florida were utilized in this study. Cases with Current Procedural Terminology code 29888 (arthroscopically aided ACL reconstruction [ACLR]) were selected from the SASD, and data from the SEDD were matched to patients who had an ED visit for a knee injury within 120 days before ACLR. Chi-square analysis was used to test for differences in patient and surgical variables between the ED visit and nonvisit patient groups. A generalized linear model was created to model the effect of ED visit on total cost for an ACL injury. Results: While controlling for differences in patient characteristics and concomitant procedure usage, a visit to the ED added $4587 in total cost ( P < .001). The ED visit cohort contained a greater proportion of patients with Medicaid (20.2% vs 9.1%), patients who were Black (18.4% vs 10.3%), and patients in the lowest income quartile (34.4% vs 25.0%) ( P < .001 for all). In the ED visit cohort, 14.4% of patients received an allograft versus 10.1% in the non-ED visit cohort ( P = .001) despite having a similar mean age. An ACL sprain was diagnosed in only 29 of the 645 (4.5%) patients who visited the ED. Conclusion: Utilizing the ED for care after an ACL injury was expensive, averaging a $4587 increase in total cost associated with ACLR. However, patients rarely left with a definitive diagnosis, with only 4.5% of patients who underwent ACLR being correctly diagnosed with an ACL tear in the ED. This additional cost was levied disproportionately on patients of low socioeconomic status and patients with Medicaid.

scholarly journals Creating Dementia-Friendly Communities for Social Inclusion: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 233372142110135
Author(s):  
Lillian Hung ◽  
Allison Hudson ◽  
Mario Gregorio ◽  
Lynn Jackson ◽  
Jim Mann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Education Practice ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Index Terms ◽  
Inclusion Methods

Aims: This scoping review explores key strategies of creating inclusive dementia-friendly communities that support people with dementia and their informal caregiver. Background: Social exclusion is commonly reported by people with dementia. Dementia-friendly community has emerged as an idea with potential to contribute to cultivating social inclusion. Methods: This scoping review follows the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodology and took place between April and September 2020. The review included a three-step search strategy: (1) identifying keywords from CINAHL and AgeLine; (2) conducting a second search using all identified keywords and index terms across selected databases (CINAHL, AgeLine, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Google); and (3) hand-searching the reference lists of all included articles and reports for additional studies. Results: Twenty-nine papers were included in the review. Content analysis identified strategies for creating dementia-friendly communities: (a) active involvement of people with dementia and caregivers (b) inclusive environmental design; (c) public education to reduce stigma and raise awareness; and (d) customized strategies informed by theory. Conclusion: This scoping review provides an overview of current evidence on strategies supporting dementia-friendly communities for social inclusion. Future efforts should apply implementation science theories to inform strategies for education, practice, policy and future research.

scholarly journals The Effect of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction on the Progression of Osteoarthritis

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 506-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rory Norris ◽  
Pete Thompson ◽  
Alan Getgood
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Ligament Reconstruction ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Indirect Trauma ◽  
Ligament Rupture ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Enzymatic Pathways

Anterior cruciate ligament rupture (ACL) is a common injury, particularly among young sporting adults. Early onset osteoarthritis (OA) can be a devastating and difficult to manage consequence of such an injury. The techniques for reconstructing the ACL are advancing all the time, but the effect that this has on the progression of OA is less well understood. Many factors affect the development of OA following an ACL injury, including direct and indirect trauma to the articular cartilage, associated meniscal injuries, chronic tibiofemoral joint instability, and multiple enzymatic pathways. This review will summarize the current evidence surrounding each of these areas, and describe some of the recent developments that may have an impact on the management of these injuries in the future.

scholarly journals Complex Lifestyle and Psychological Intervention in Knee Osteoarthritis: Scoping Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12757
Author(s):  
Bryan Yijia Tan ◽  
Tivona Thach ◽  
Yasmin Lynda Munro ◽  
Soren Thorgaard Skou ◽  
Julian Thumboo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Knee Oa

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) causes pain, disability and poor quality of life in the elderly. The primary aim was to identify and map out the current evidence for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on complex lifestyle and psychosocial interventions for knee OA. The secondary aim was to outline different components of complex lifestyle and psychosocial interventions. Our scoping review searched five databases from 2000 to 2021 where complex lifestyle or psychosocial interventions for patients with knee OA were compared to other interventions. Screening and data extraction were performed by two review authors independently and discrepancies resolved through consensus and in parallel with a third reviewer. A total of 38 articles were selected: 9 studied the effectiveness of psychological interventions; 11 were on self-management and lifestyle interventions; 18 looked at multifaceted interventions. This review highlights the substantial variation in knee OA interventions and the overall lack of quality in the current literature. Potential areas of future research, including identifying prognostic social factors, stratified care models, transdisciplinary care delivery and technology augmented interventions, have been identified. Further high-quality RCTs utilizing process evaluations and economic evaluation in accordance with the MRC guidelines are critical for the development of evidence-based knee OA programs globally.

scholarly journals Do ACL Injury Risk Reduction Exercises Reflect Common Injury Mechanisms? A Scoping Review of Injury Prevention Programs

2021 ◽  
pp. 194173812110379
Author(s):  
Steven L. Dischiavi ◽  
Alexis A Wright ◽  
Rachel A. Heller ◽  
Claire E. Love ◽  
Adam J. Salzman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Flight Phase ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Injury Mechanisms ◽  
Acl Injury Risk

Context: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk reduction programs have become increasingly popular. As ACL injuries continue to reflect high incidence rates, the continued optimization of current risk reduction programs, and the exercises contained within them, is warranted. The exercises must evolve to align with new etiology data, but there is concern that the exercises do not fully reflect the complexity of ACL injury mechanisms. It was outside the scope of this review to address each possible inciting event, rather the effort was directed at the elements more closely associated with the end point of movement during the injury mechanism. Objective: To examine if exercises designed to reduce the risk of ACL injury reflect key injury mechanisms: multiplanar movement, single limb stance, trunk and hip dissociative control, and a flight phase. Data Sources: A systematic search was performed using PubMed, Medline, EBSCO (CINAHL), SPORTSDiscus, and PEDro databases. Study Selection: Eligibility criteria were as follows: (1) randomized controlled trials or prospective cohort studies, (2) male and/or female participants of any age, (3) exercises were targeted interventions to prevent ACL/knee injuries, and (4) individual exercises were listed and adequately detailed and excluded if program was unable to be replicated clinically. Study Design: Scoping review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Data Extraction: A total of 35 studies were included, and 1019 exercises were extracted for analysis. Results: The average Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template score was 11 (range, 0-14). The majority of exercises involved bilateral weightbearing (n = 418 of 1019; 41.0%), followed by single limb (n = 345 of 1019; 33.9%) and nonweightbearing (n = 256 of 1019; 25.1%). Only 20% of exercises incorporated more than 1 plane of movement, and the majority of exercises had sagittal plane dominance. Although 50% of exercises incorporated a flight phase, only half of these also involved single-leg weightbearing. Just 16% of exercises incorporated trunk and hip dissociation, and these were rarely combined with other key exercise elements. Only 13% of exercises challenged more than 2 key elements, and only 1% incorporated all 4 elements (multiplanar movements, single limb stance, trunk and hip dissociation, flight phase) simultaneously. Conclusion: Many risk reduction exercises do not reflect the task-specific elements identified within ACL injury mechanisms. Addressing the underrepresentation of key elements (eg, trunk and hip dissociation, multiplanar movements) may optimize risk reduction in future trials.

Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport Is Associated With Second Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 857-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
April L. McPherson ◽  
Julian A. Feller ◽  
Timothy E. Hewett ◽  
Kate E. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Cutoff Score ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Younger Patients ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Background: Psychological responses after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and ACL reconstruction (ACLR) have been identified as predictors of return to sport but have not been investigated in relation to further injury. Purpose/Hypothesis: To determine whether psychological readiness to return to sport is associated with second ACL injury. It was hypothesized a priori that at both preoperative and 12-month postoperative time points, patients who sustained a second ACL injury would have lower psychological readiness than patients who did not have a second injury. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Patients who had a primary ACLR procedure between June 2014 and June 2016 completed the ACL–Return to Sport after Injury (ACL-RSI) (short version) scale before their ACLR and repeated the scale at 12 months after surgery to assess psychological readiness to return to sport. Patients were followed for a minimum of 2 years (range, 2-4 years) after surgery to determine further injury. The primary outcome was the relationship between ACL-RSI scores and the incidence of second ACL injury. Results: In 329 patients who returned to sport after ACLR, 52 (16%) sustained a second ACL injury. No difference in psychological readiness was observed at the preoperative time point, but patients who sustained a second injury trended toward lower psychological readiness at 12 months compared with noninjured patients (60.9 vs 67.2 points; P = .11). Younger (≤20 years) patients with injury had significantly lower psychological readiness to return to sport than young noninjured patients (60.8 vs 71.5 points; P = .02), but no difference was found in older patients (60.9 vs 64.6 points; P = .58). In younger patients, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed a cutoff score of 76.7 points with 90% sensitivity to identify younger patients who sustained a second ACL injury. Conclusion: Younger patients with lower psychological readiness are at higher risk for a second ACL injury after return to sport.

scholarly journals Patients’ and psychiatrists’ perspectives on clozapine treatment—a scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. e054308
Author(s):  
Michelle Iris Jakobsen ◽  
Ole Jakob Storebø ◽  
Stephen Fitzgerald Austin ◽  
Jimmi Nielsen ◽  
Erik Simonsen
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Patient Perspectives ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clozapine Treatment ◽  
Primary Literature ◽  
Conference Presentations ◽  
Review Protocol

IntroductionThe atypical antipsychotic clozapine has shown superior efficacy compared with other antipsychotics and is the gold standard for treating otherwise treatment resistant schizophrenia. However, multiple studies have found that clozapine is underutilised in most parts of the world. A few reviews of literature addressing barriers to clozapine prescribing have been conducted. While there is some variation in the literature included in these reviews, a common feature of the studies included is that they primarily focus on clinical staff’s attitudes and perceived barriers for prescribing. Studies of patient perspectives are only sparsely included. A preliminary literature search revealed though, that additional literature on the subject exists, including literature on patient perspectives. It is therefore difficult to conclude if the formerly synthesised literature is representative of current evidence or if the topic has been adequately investigated to inform clinical practice. A scoping review is warranted in order to map and synthesise primary literature on patients’ and psychiatrists’ perspectives on clozapine treatment, and to identify gaps for future research.Methods and analysisThe electronic databases Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science, Psychinfo, MEDLINE and EMBASE will be searched for relevant publications, supplied with searches of Google scholar, The Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations and OpenGrey. Citation tracking of selected studies will furthermore be undertaken. Two researchers will independently screen and extract data. Data will be collated to provide a descriptive summary of the literature, along with a qualitative content analysis of key findings. Identified gaps in research will be accompanied by recommendations for future investigations.Ethics and disseminationFindings will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed journal and conference presentations. The scoping review does not require ethics approval.

scholarly journals Improving breastfeeding support through the implementation of the baby friendly hospital and community initiatives: a scoping review protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Aisling Walsh ◽  
Pieternella Pieterse ◽  
Zoe McCormack ◽  
Ellen Chirwa ◽  
Anne Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Breastfeeding Support ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Global Campaign ◽  
Scoping Reviews

Background: Improved breastfeeding practices have the potential to save the lives of over 823,000 children under 5 years old globally every year. Exclusively breastfeeding infants for the first six months would lead to the largest infant mortality reduction. The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) is a global campaign by the World Health Organization and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), which promotes best practice to support breastfeeding in maternity services. The Baby-Friendly Community Initiative (BFCI) is an extension of the BHFI’s 10 th step of the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding and of the BFHI overall. Its focus is on community-based breastfeeding supports for women. There have been no known attempts to synthesise the overall body of evidence on the BFHI in recent years, and no synthesis of empirical research on the BFCI. This scoping review asks the question: what is known about the implementation of the BFHI and the BFCI globally? Methods and analysis: This scoping review will be conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews. Inclusion criteria will follow the Population, Concepts, Contexts approach. A data charting form will be developed and applied to all the included articles. Qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis will be undertaken. The PAGER (Patterns, Advances, Gaps, Evidence for practice and Research recommendations) methodological framework will be used to analyse and report review findings. Conclusion: This review will establish gaps in current evidence which will inform areas for future research in relation to this global initiative.

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