scholarly journals Diabetes Mellitus, Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, and Conjugated Linoleic Acid (Omega 6): What Is the Link?

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Hegazy ◽  
Naglaa M. Elsayed ◽  
Hala M. Ali ◽  
Hanan G. Hassan ◽  
Laila Rashed
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Omega 6

Background and Objective. Type 2 DM and obesity are the coming epidemics and their association with NAFLD is well established; essential fatty acids are vital for body health yet the body cannot make them; 2 essential fatty acids are especially important: linoleic (omega-6) and alpha-linoleic (omega-3) acids; they can be considered as “bioactive lipids” and serve as functional foods. Methods. 50 type 2 Egyptian diabetic patients controlled on oral hypoglycemic drugs together with 20 age- and sex-matched healthy participants were enrolled in the study; all were subjected to complete history taking, BMI, fasting plasma glucose, HOMA-IR, ALT, AST, GGT, urea and creatinine, total lipid profile, hepatitis markers including hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis C virus antibodies, conjugated linoleic fatty acid “CLA,” and abdominal ultrasound for grading of NAFLD. Results. Our study in Egyptian diabetics with NAFLD revealed a low level of serum CLA compared to healthy control; such deficiency was more marked with advanced grades of NAFLD; lowest levels were observed in those with severe steatosis (NASH) with definite association between CLA and obesity. Conclusion. Insulin resistance is the main link between NAFLD, diabetes, and obesity. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has a role in fat deposition in the liver and in development and improvement of insulin resistance. Fatty food had a documented role in the pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes but it can also be the cure.

The Use of Crude Fish Oil (CFO) in Vannamei Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Feed on EPA and DHA Contents

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Januar Hadi Prasetyo ◽  
Agustono Agustono ◽  
Widya Paramitha Lokapirnasari
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Penaeid Shrimp ◽  
The Body ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Epa And Dha ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Omega 6

Omega-3 fatty acids (Alpha-linolenic acid) and omega-6 fatty acids (Linoleic acid) are a group of essential fatty acids. Essential fatty acids are fatty acids that cannot be synthesized by the body so that must be supplied from the diet. One of the sources of essential fatty acids is derived from fish oil. This study aims to determine the effect of Crude Fish Oil (CFO) in the feed to EPA and DHA content in penaeid shrimp meat. The research method used was a completely randomized design. The treatments used are the varying content of Crude Fish Oil (CFO), which are P0 (0%), P1 (2%), P2 (4%), P3 (6%), and P4 (8%). The results of the study showed significant differences (p <0.05) on the content of EPA and DHA in penaeid shrimp meat. The highest content of EPA and DHA found in P4 treatment (8%) and the lowest at P0 treatment (0%). The use of CFO in penaeid shrimp feed need further study related to the growth of shrimps and prawns reproductive cycle to increase the productivity of penaeid shrimp. CFO on feed should be used at a dose of 6%.

scholarly journals Effect of conjugated linoleic acid and different type of dietary fat on serum lipid profile, liver enzymes activity and oxidative stress markers in wistar rats

2018 ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Magdalena Franczyk-Żarów ◽  
Edyta Kuś ◽  
Renata B. Kostogrys
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
The Body

Background. Nutritional recommendations emphasize the need to limit consumption of saturated fatty acids and to increase the intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the prevention of non-communicable chronic diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases. Among the fatty acids with health-related effects on the body, conjugated fatty acids are mentioned (i.e. CLA). Objective. The current study was designed to determine the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on serum lipid profile, glucose, liver enzymes activity (AST and ALT), malonic dialdehyde (MDA) as well as lipid hydroperoxide (LPO) concentrations in rats fed diet differing in type of dietary fat. Material and methods. Male Wistar rats were divided into six groups and fed the following diets: control AIN-93G diet contained soybean oil (O) and diets with modification of fat source: butter (B) and margarine (M). The experimental diets were supplemented with 1% of conjugated linoleic acid (O+CLA, B+CLA, M+CLA). After 21 days the blood was collected and lipid profile, glucose, liver enzymes, MDA as well as LPO were analyzed. Results. The dietary treatments had no significant effect on the body weight and liver weight of the animals. The concentrations of total cholesterol (TC) and LDL+VLDL cholesterol were unchanged. Both experimental factors (fat source and CLA) had a significant influence on the TAG and HDL levels. Margarine (M) significantly increased the TAG concentration, whereas CLA had a significant impact on the TAG reduction (M+CLA). Glucose level was significantly decreased in all groups fed diets supplemented with CLA. Serum ALT significantly increased in all CLA groups. Fat source had statistically significant influence on the MDA concentration. The LPO level was significantly elevated in all CLA groups. There was statistically significant interaction of experimental factors (fat source and CLA supplementation) on LPO level. Conclusions. Margarine had an adverse effect on the rat’s lipid profile. However, in the group fed with margarine, the addition of CLA decreased the concentration of TAG. Regardless of the type of the dietary fat, CLA supplementation increased the level of LPO in the blood serum of animals.

scholarly journals Effects of a Maternal Essential Fatty Acid and Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation during Late Pregnancy and Early Lactation on Hematologic and Immunological Traits and the Oxidative and Anti-Oxidative Status in Blood Plasma of Neonatal Calves

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2168
Author(s):  
Wendy Liermann ◽  
Katrin Lena Uken ◽  
Christine Schäff ◽  
Laura Vogel ◽  
Martina Gnott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Metabolites

Fatty acids are known for their regulatory role in inflammation and oxidative stress. The present study investigated 38 calves born from dams, abomasally supplemented with coconut oil, essential fatty acids (EFA), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) or EFA + CLA, according to immunological traits and the oxidative and anti-oxidative status for the first 5 days of life. On day 2 of life, plasma total bilirubin, cholesterol, interleukin 1-β and ferric ion reducing anti-oxygen power (FRAP) were lower in calves with than without maternal EFA supplementation, and FRAP additionally on day 4. On day 3, the concentrations of reactive oxygen metabolites were higher in calves with than without maternal EFA supplementation and additionally on day 5 together of retinol. Total leucocyte counts were decreased in the EFA group compared to the CLA group on day 5. Lymphocyte proportions decreased from day 1 to 5 only in the EFA + CLA group. On day 2, plasma total protein was higher in CLA and EFA + CLA than in EFA calves. Similarly, CLA calves had higher interleukin 1-β concentrations compared to EFA + CLA calves. FRAP was decreased by CLA on day 4. Overall, the maternal fatty acid supply affected the inflammatory response and the oxidative and anti-oxidative status of the neonatal offspring.

scholarly journals MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCY IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF INSULIN RESISTANCE AND WAYS TO CORRECT IT

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-145
Author(s):  
Myroslava Mykytyuk
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiency ◽  
The Body ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Increased Risk

The review discusses modern views on the pathogenesis of insulin resistance (IR), in particular the role of micronutrient deficiency. The spread of IR in various somatic pathologies indicates an adaptive IR value not only for glucose homeostasis disorders, but also for metabolism in the body as a whole. A promising area of therapy for IR and cardiovascular diseases closely related to obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS) is the use of modulators of products by the human body of endogenous regulatory factors based on omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. The American Diabetic Association supports adherence to a Mediterranean diet enriched with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. A meta-analysis of 50 clinical, prospective and cross-examination studies has proven the positive protection effect of the Mediterranean diet on MS components. The development of IR can be associated with a deficiency of chromium and magnesium, and the additional intake of these trace elements with nutritional supplements reduces the severity of IR. Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, IR, increased risk of MS and type 2 diabetes associated with hypomagnemia. It has been shown that the combination of oral food additives chromium (160 icg/day) and magnesium (200 mg/day) reduces IR more effectively than their use separately, which may be associated with increased induction and repression, respectively, the expression of glucose transporter 4 and glycogen-synthase kinase 3. Thus, micronutrients can be used in complex therapy of patients with IR and associated pathological conditions, such as excess body weight/obesity, type 2 diabetes and MS.

scholarly journals Perfil de ácidos grasos de la leche de vacas Holstein x Cebú alimentadas con pasta de licuri

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-86
Author(s):  
Antonio Ferraz Porto Junior ◽  
Fabiano Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Robério Rodrigues Silva ◽  
Dicastro Dias de Souza ◽  
Edvaldo Nascimento Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Total Diet ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Inclusion Level

The objective was to evaluate the inclusion level of licuri cake (LC) in the diet of confined cows on fatty acid profile and milk cholesterol. Four cows with a blood level of ½ to ¾ Holstein x Zebu blood were used, distributed in a 4 x 4 Latin square, where the inclusion levels of the cake in the total diet were 0.0, 5.5, 11.0 and 16.5%, replacing soybean meal in the diet. There was a linear decreasing effect for the fatty acids Lauric, Elaidic, Gamma-Linolenic and conjugated linoleic acid isomers (C18:2cis9trans11; C18:2trans10cis12) from the inclusion levels of LC. The inclusion of licuri cake negatively influenced the concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid isomers, in addition to the fatty acids of the Omega-6 series, which is not interesting from the human nutrition point of view.

scholarly journals Quantification of conjugated linoleic acid and other essential fatty acids in ovine meat, milk, fat, and intestinal digesta

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (Suppl. 2) ◽  
pp. 385-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Czauderna ◽  
J. Kowalczyk ◽  
A. Potkański ◽  
M. Szumacher-Strabel ◽  
G. Chojecki
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids
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