scholarly journals Libidibia ferreaFruit Crude Extract and Fractions Show Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Antinociceptive EffectIn Vivoand Increase Cell ViabilityIn Vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamires Rocha Falcão ◽  
Aurigena Antunes de Araújo ◽  
Luiz Alberto Lira Soares ◽  
Iuri Brilhante de Farias ◽  
Wliana Alves Viturino da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Leukocyte Migration ◽  
Total Glutathione ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background.Libidibia ferrea(L. ferrea)is found throughout the northeastern region of Brazil, where it has been used in folk medicine with beneficial effects on many inflammatory disorders.Purpose. This study investigated the phytochemical composition of the crude extract and fractions ofL. ferreafruit and evaluated its anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activitiesin vivoand effect on cell viabilityin vitro.Methods. Characterization of polyphenols present in crude extract (CE), hydroalcoholic fractions of 20-80% ethanol (CE20, CE40, CE60, and CE80), aqueous fraction (AqF), and ethyl acetate (EAF) fractions ofL. ferreafruit was performed by chromatographic analysis.Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by using a carrageenan-induced peritonitis model submitted to a leukocyte migration assay and myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) analysis. Total glutathione and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were assessed to evaluate the oxidative stress level. Antinociceptive activity was evaluated by acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing and hot plate test.In vitrocell viability was determined by using MTT assay in a mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line (3T3 cells).Results. Chromatography revealed the presence of ellagic acid content in EAF (3.06), CE (2.96), and CE40 (2.89). Gallic acid was found in EAF (12.03), CE 20 (4.43), and CE (3.99).L. ferreacrude extract and all fractions significantly reduced leukocyte migration and MPO activity (p<0.001).L. ferreaantioxidant effect was observed through high levels of total glutathione and reduction of MDA levels (p<0.001). Acetic acid-induced nociception was significantly inhibited after administration ofL. ferreacrude extract and all fractions (p<0.001). Crude extract and all fractions significantly increased the viability of the 3T3 cell line (p<0.05).Conclusions. The appropriate extraction procedure preserves the chemical components ofL. ferreafruit, such as gallic acid and ellargic acid. Crude extract and fractions ofL. ferreafruit exhibited anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antinociceptive activitiesin vivoand enhanced cell viabilityin vitro.

scholarly journals ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF CURCUMIN AND CAPSAICIN AUGMENTED IN COMBINATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Thriveni Vasanth Kumar ◽  
Manjunatha H. ◽  
Rajesh Kp
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Vascular Permeability ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Individual

Objective: Dietary curcumin and capsaicin are well known for their health beneficial potencies. The current study was done to assess the anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin, capsaicin and their combination by employing in vitro and in vivo models.Methods: We investigated the protective effect of curcumin, capsaicin and their combination using in vitro heat induced human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilisation, in vivo 3% agar induced leukocyte mobilisation and acetic acid induced vascular permeability assay.Results: Curcumin, capsaicin and their combination exhibited concentration dependent protective effect against heat-induced HRBC membrane destabilisation, while combined curcumin and capsaicin restored 87.0±0.64 % membrane stability and it is found to be better than curcumin, capsaicin and diclofenac sodium (75.0±0.25. 72±0.9 and 80.0±0.31 %) protective effect. In agar suspension induced leukocyte mobilization assay, the combined curcumin and capsaicin had shown 39.5±1.58 % of inhibition compared to individual curcumin and capsaicin, which showed moderate inhibition of 16.0±3.14 and 21.6±2.17 % respectively. Besides, the combined curcumin and capsaicin had shown highly significant inhibition of acetic acid-induced vascular permeability in rats (62.0±3.14 %), whereas individual curcumin and capsaicin showed moderate inhibition of vascular permeability with 36.0±2.41 and 43.0±1.92 % respectively.Conclusion: This study demonstrates the significant anti-inflammatory property of combined curcumin and capsaicin at half of the individual concentration of curcumin and capsaicin.

MO1048PHYTOTHERAPY ON RENAL HYPOXIA: THE PREVENTIVE EFFECTS OF HYDROXYTYROSOL - PRELIMINARY IN VITRO RESULTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Terézia Kamasová ◽  
Ana Sofia Abreu ◽  
Fátima Paiva-Martins ◽  
Luís Belo ◽  
Alice Santos-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Preventive Effects

Abstract Background and Aims Renal hypoxia plays a key role in the pathophysiology of acute kidney injury and in the progression of chronic kidney disease, potentiating other important risk factors for renal disease, such as oxidative stress, renal fibrosis, and inflammation. Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is a phenolic compound extracted from olives and olive-derived products, that has been shown to detain potent in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the preventive therapeutic potential of HT on a cellular model of renal hypoxia. Method A cell line of normal adult proximal tubular epithelium (HK-2 cell line) was used to determine the effects of the chemical induction of hypoxia with cobalt chloride (CoCl2), as well as the preventive potential of HT on the elicited effects. For this purpose, HK-2 cells were exposed for 24 h to 254 µM CoCl2, to mimic the hypoxic conditions, or pre-incubated for 1 h with 5 µM HT and further exposed to the CoCl2 for 24 h more. Cell viability was assessed by the thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide reduction assay. Oxidative status was evaluated by the measurement of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, by using standardized fluorometric and colorimetric assays. The expression of several genes related to the hypoxic, inflammatory, and fibrotic responses was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results CoCl2-exposed HK-2 cells (hypoxic conditions) showed a significant decrease in cell viability (p &lt; 0.0001 vs. control), and a disruption of the oxidative status, characterized by an increase of ROS and RNS production of about 6-fold over control cells (p &lt; 0.0001) and a decrease in GSH intracellular levels of nearly 50 % (p &lt; 0.05). Although the pre-exposure to HT showed no significant effects on the loss of cell viability elicited by CoCl2, the presence of HT prior to induction of hypoxia reduced the generation of ROS and RNS (p &lt; 0.05 for HT + CoCl2 vs. CoCl2) and prevented the GSH depletion (GSH levels for HT + CoCl2 were similar to those of control) elicited by CoCl2. When compared to control cells, CoCl2-exposed HK-2 cells also showed increased expression of genes related to hypoxia (HIF1A, p &lt; 0.05; GAPDH, p &lt; 0.0001), as well as of modulators of inflammation (IL6, p &lt; 0.0001) and fibrosis (TGFB1, p &lt; 0.05). Importantly, the expression of these genes was partially or even totally suppressed by the pre-exposure of cells to HT (GAPDH, p &lt; 0.01 for HT + CoCl2 vs. CoCl2; expression of HIF1A, IL6 and TGFB1 for HT + CoCl2 was similar to that of control). Conclusion Our data supports the potential for a multiplicity of preventive effects of HT, providing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic defenses to renal cells under hypoxic conditions. Importantly, the development of safe and effective therapeutic approaches based on phytochemicals such as HT, may present substantial advantages for renal patients over synthetic drugs, including fewer side effects, significantly lower price, and ease of administration in the form of dietary supplements. Acknowledgments This work was supported by Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit (UCIBIO), financed by national funds from FCT/MCTES (UIDB/04378/2020), by North Portugal Regional Coordination and Development Commission (CCDR-N)/NORTE2020/Portugal 2020 (Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000024), and co-financed by FCT/MCTES (PTDC/OCE-ETA/32492/2017) and FEDER/COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032492).

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Opuntia dillenii Haw Fruit against Lead Acetate-Induced Hepatotoxicity: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Reza Shirazinia ◽  
Ali Akbar Golabchifar ◽  
Vafa Baradaran Rahimi ◽  
Abbas Jamshidian ◽  
Alireza Samzadeh-Kermani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hepatoprotective Effects ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Opuntia Dillenii

Lead is one of the most common environmental contaminants in the Earth’s crust, which induces a wide range of humans biochemical changes. Previous studies showed that Opuntia dillenii (OD) fruit possesses several antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study evaluates OD fruit hydroalcoholic extract (OHAE) hepatoprotective effects against lead acetate- (Pb-) induced toxicity in both animal and cellular models. Male rats were grouped as follows: control, Pb (25 mg/kg/d i.p.), and groups 3 and 4 received OHAE at 100 and 200 mg/kg/d + Pb (25 mg/kg/d i.p.), for ten days of the experiment. Thereafter, we evaluated the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), catalase (CAT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum, and liver histopathology. Additionally, the cell study was also done using the HepG2 cell line for measuring the direct effects of the extract on cell viability, oxidative stress MDA, and glutathione (GSH) and inflammation tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) following the Pb-induced cytotoxicity. Pb significantly increased the serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, and MDA and liver histopathological scores but notably decreased CAT activity compared to the control group ( p < 0.001 for all cases). OHAE (100 and 200 mg/kg) significantly reduced the levels of serum liver enzyme activities and MDA as well as histopathological scores while it significantly increased CAT activity compared to the Pb group ( p < 0.001 –0.05 for all cases). OHAE (20, 40, and 80 μg/ml) concentration dependently and significantly reduced the levels of MDA and TNF-α, while it increased the levels of GSH and cell viability in comparison to the Pb group ( p < 0.001 –0.05 for all cases). These data suggest that OHAE may have hepatoprotective effects against Pb-induced liver toxicity both in vitro and in vivo by its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

Rational Combinations Including a Novel Syk Inhibitor, Fostamatinib Disodium (FosD) in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 283-283
Author(s):  
Randall M Rossi ◽  
Valerie Grose ◽  
Polly Pine ◽  
Richard I Fisher ◽  
Craig T. Jordan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
B Cell Receptor ◽  
In Vivo Studies

Abstract Abstract 283 Certain malignant B-cells rely upon B-cell receptor-mediated survival signals. Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) initiates and amplifies the B-cell receptor-mediated signal. We and others have demonstrated that fostamatinib disodium (FosD: a prodrug of R406, a potent and specific inhibitor of Syk) induces apoptosis in lymphoma cell lines and primary tumors. A recent clinical trial has demonstrated significant clinical activity of FosD in relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and minimal overlap in toxicities with conventional agents. Given this background, future development in B-cell NHL will include rational combinations of FosD and currently available therapies. Therefore, we conducted in vitro and in vivo studies of rational combinations including FosD, in anticipation of clinical trial development. First, using a human DLBCL cell line of GCB genotype, (OCI-Ly19), we analyzed in vitro the combination of R406 with the following agents: fludarabine, rapamycin, rituximab, bendamustine and bortezomib. Increased cytotoxicity was observed using in vitro culture assays with the addition of fludarabine, rapamycin, or rituximab to R406. Cell viability at 72 hours was 25% with R406 alone, 27% for fludarabine alone, and only 9% for the fludarabine/R406. At 48 hours, cell viability was 49% using R406 alone, 31% using rituximab alone, and 21% for rituximab/R406. At 120 hours using primary lymphoma cells (DLCL27), there were no viable cells treated with the rapamycin/FosD combination, compared with rapamycin alone (7%) or FosD alone (25%) The addition of bortezomib or bendamustine to FosD resulted in only a minimal additive increase in cytotoxicity. Results with all combinations were similar with the OCI-Ly10 human DLBCL line of ABC genotype. We then performed in vivo studies by subcutaneous transplantation of the DLBCL cell line OCI-Ly19, (engineered to express luciferase allowing for real time in vivo imaging) into immune deficient NOD/SCID mice which reproducibly formed tumors. Recipient animals were separated into uniform cohorts when the tumors were less than or equal to 500 mm3 in size. The animals were then simultaneously treated with FosD (n=7; 3 gm/kg ad. lib.; translates into 2-5 micromolar R406 systemically throughout the 24h period) and either bortezomib, (n=6; 0.4 mg/kg weekly IP), or rituximab, (n=13; 3 mg/kg, 2x weekly IP). Analysis of the OCI-Ly19 tumor volumes at day 46 showed a median of 2364 mm3 with bortezomib alone compared with 1823 mm3 with bortezomib and FosD. When FosD was combined with rituximab the most significant cytotoxicity was observed: (p=0.01; median tumor volume of 497 mm3 following the combination) in comparison to either FosD alone (3150 mm3) or rituximab alone (1764 mm3). We conclude that the addition of FosD appears to increase activity against NHL of several drugs, including fludarabine and rapamycin. These agents have significant activity in indolent and mantle cell NHL as well as CLL. Moreover, there is no evidence that FosD impedes rituximab responses in vitro or in vivo; in fact we have suggested possible synergy with the combination of rituximab and FosD. Based upon the documented single agent activity of FosD in humans, and this data, clinical trials are now indicated using these promising combinations in NHL and CLL. Disclosures: Pine: Rigel: Employment. Friedberg:Rigel: Research Funding.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Ginkgo Biloba Dropping Pills Against Liver Ischemia/reperfusion Injury in Mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Wang ◽  
Ping Zhang ◽  
Qingqing Wang ◽  
Xueping Sheng ◽  
Jianbing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Liver Ischemia ◽  
Primary Hepatocytes ◽  
Injury Model ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Background: Liver ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is an inevitable pathological phenomenon in various clinical conditions, such as liver transplantation, resection surgery, or shock, which is the major cause of morbidity and mortality after operation. Ginkgo Biloba Dropping Pill (GBDP) is a unique Chinese Ginkgo Biloba leaf extract preparation that exhibits a variety of beneficial biological activities. The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effects of GBDP on the liver I/R injury both in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) experiments were performed in AML-12 cells and primary hepatocytes, which were pretreated with GBDP (60 or 120 μg/mL) followed by incubation in a hypoxia chamber. Cell viability and cell apoptosis were detected by MTT assay and annexin V staining respectively. C57BL/6 mice were used to establish liver I/R injury model, and were pretreated with GBDP (100 or 200 mg/kg/day, i.g.) for two weeks. Liver damage was detected by plasma levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST). Liver necrosis and neutrophil infiltration were determined by H&E and myeloperoxidase immunohistochemistry staining. Finally, TUNEL staining and western blot analysis of apoptosis-related proteins were used to investigate the anti-apoptotic effect of GBDP. Results: In the in vitro study, GBDP pretreatment improved the cell viability of AML-12 cells in H/R injury model. Similarly, the same result was found in the primary hepatocytes isolated from C57BL/6 mice. Moreover, GBDP decreased the number of apoptotic cells induced by H/R. In the in vivo study, oral administration of GBDP ameliorated liver injury evidenced by a significant decline in the levels of ALT and AST. Furthermore, the result of H&E staining showed that GBDP reduced the size of necrosis area. In addition, the decreased infiltration of neutrophils indicated that GBDP may play an anti-inflammatory effect. More importantly, GBDP reduced TUNEL-positive cells and the expression of Bax and caspase-3 in liver indicating GBDP has anti-apoptotic effects.Conclusion: Our findings elucidated that GBDP has potential effects for protecting against liver I/R injury characterized by its anti-apoptotic, anti-necrotic, and anti-inflammatory properties, which would promisingly make a contribution to the exploration of therapeutic strategies in the liver I/R injury.

Supremacy of Synergism: A comparison of anticancer activity of Rhizome Extract of Bistorta amplexicualis and gallic acid in Cancer Cell Lines and Primary Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salma Batool ◽  
M. Javaid Asad ◽  
Muhammad Arshad ◽  
Rahman Shah Zaib Saleem ◽  
Muhammad Sheeraz Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Cancer Cell Line ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Window

Background: Bistorta amplexicaulis is a seasonal herb with several folkloric uses. The plant extract has been shown to possess various activities including antioxidant, anticancer, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, cardio-protective, anti-atherosclerosis activities. Objective: The aim of the study was to quantify the activity of the plant extract and relate it to the activity of the isolated compounds, gallic acid. Methods: Extraction of the plant was carried out. Then the activity of the extract was compared with its constituent, gallic acid. Cytotoxic potential of the two against human liver cancer cell line (HepG2), breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) was evaluated through MTS assay. Results: The extract had better activity against HepG2 as compared to gallic acid (IC50 29µg/mL vs 37µg/mL). It also provided a better therapeutic window by having lower toxicity for HUVEC cells than gallic acid (IC50 63µg/mL vs 47µg/mL) suggesting the use of the extract over the purified gallic acid for these cells. We also performed the fluorescence study of the rhizome extract in ethanol (REE), methanol (REM), 80% ethanol (80RE), 80% methanol, (80RM) and acetone (RAC). The highest intensity of fluorescence was found in REE with excitation at 394 nm and emission at 421nm. Conclusion: The comparison of gallic acid with ethanolic rhizome extract of B. amplexicaulis reveals important insights about utilizing the plant extract over purified gallic acid. The ethanolic extract also has the potential to be used as autoflouresent drug during in vitro and in vivo studies.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Isoorientin Isolated from Tubers of Pueraria tuberosa

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kotha Anilkumar ◽  
Gorla V. Reddy ◽  
Rajaram Azad ◽  
Nagendra Sastry Yarla ◽  
Gangappa Dharmapuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Pueraria Tuberosa ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Inflammation is the major causative factor of different diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancer. Anti-inflammatory drugs are often the first step of treatment in many of these diseases. The present study is aimed at evaluating the anti-inflammatory properties of isoorientin, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor isolated from the tubers of Pueraria tuberosa, in vitro on mouse macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) and in vivo on mouse paw edema and air pouch models of inflammation. Isoorientin reduced inflammation in RAW 264.7 cell line in vitro and carrageenan induced inflammatory animal model systems in vivo. Cellular infiltration into pouch tissue was reduced in isoorientin treated mice compared to carrageenan treated mice. Isoorientin treated RAW 264.7 cells and animals showed reduced expression of inflammatory proteins like COX-2, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), and interleukin 1-β (IL-1-β) both in vitro and in vivo. The antioxidant enzyme levels of catalase and GST were markedly increased in isoorientin treated mice compared to carrageenan treated mice. These results suggest that isoorientin, a selective inhibitor of COX-2, not only exerts anti-inflammatory effects in LPS induced RAW cells and carrageenan induced inflammatory model systems but also exhibits potent antioxidant properties.

Maydis Stigma Elicits Analgesia and Blocks Edema in Mice and Inhibits Inflammation in Macrophages

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (07) ◽  
pp. 1477-1496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Hee Jeong ◽  
You-Chang Oh ◽  
Won-Kyung Cho ◽  
Hye Jin Yang ◽  
Jin Yeul Ma
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Ear Edema ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Maydis Stigma (MS) is an herb traditionally used in many parts of the world. Previous studies have reported that MS plays a role in several biological activities, including antidiabetic and anticancer activities. However, the effects of a MS ethanolic extract (MSE) on the anti-inflammatory cellular mechanism remain unclear. Here, we investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of MSE and its molecular mechanism both in vitro and in vivo. The effects of MSE on the production of inflammatory mediators, cytokines, and related proteins and the identification of target genes were determined using LPS-stimulated macrophages. We also determined the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of MSE by examining acetic acid-induced writhing responses and xylene-induced ear edema in mice. Our results indicated that MSE markedly decreased iNOS and COX-2 levels without causing cytotoxicity and suppressed the secretion of NO in LPS-stimulated macrophages. MSE also inhibited the production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-[Formula: see text], IL-6, and IL-1[Formula: see text], and induced the expression of HO-1. Moreover, MSE treatment significantly reduced the LPS-stimulated activation of MAPK, NF-[Formula: see text]B, and AP-1. Furthermore, MSE exerted an analgesic effect on the acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing response test and an anti-inflammatory effect on xylene-induced ear edema in ICR mice. Finally, we investigated the components of MSE using UPLC-ESI-MS and found that it contains the maysin as a marker component. Overall, these observations demonstrate that MSE has anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects both in vitro and in vivo, which may provide new scientific evidence for its use as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammation.

scholarly journals Balanophora spicataand Lupeol Acetate Possess Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory ActivitiesIn VivoandIn Vitro

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuh-Fung Chen ◽  
Chien Ching ◽  
Tian-Shung Wu ◽  
Chi-Rei Wu ◽  
Wen-Tsong Hsieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Vascular Permeability ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
No Production ◽  
Hexane Layer ◽  
Lupeol Acetate ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Aims of the present study were to investigate effects ofBalanophora spicata(BS) on antinociception and anti-inflammation bothin vivoandin vitro. Crude extract of BS inhibited vascular permeability induced by histamine, serotonin, bradykinin, and PGE2, but not by PAF. Furthermore, BS crude extract, different layers (n-hexane, ethyl acetate,n-butanol, and water layer), and lupeol acetate had significant antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects on acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing response, formalin-induced licking behavior, carrageenan-, and serotonin-induced paw edema. Then-hexane layer had the most effective potency among all layers (IC50: 67.33 mg/kg on writhing response; IC50s: 34.2 mg/kg and 21.29 mg/kg on the early phase and late phase of formalin test, resp.). Additionally, lupeol acetate which was isolated from then-hexane layer of BS effectively inhibited the acetic acid-induced writhing response (IC50: 28.32 mg/kg), formalin-induced licking behavior (IC50: 20.95 mg/kg), NO production (IC50: 4.102 μM), iNOS expression (IC50: 5.35 μM), and COX2 expression (IC50: 5.13 μM) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In conclusion, BS has antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects which may be partially due to the inhibition of changes in vascular permeability induced by histamine, serotonin, bradykinin, and PGE2and the attenuation of iNOS and COX-2 expression.

INDUCED EOSINOPENIA AND BASOPHILOPENIA BY »FREE« STEROIDS IN VITRO

1962 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Victoriano Navarrete ◽  
Donald W. Petit
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Acetylsalicylic Acid ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Free Cortisol ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

ABSTRACT The in vivo mechanism of cortisone induced eosinopenia is disputed. Studies are presented which show in vitro eosinolysis in venous blood collected in sequestrine tubes with ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid as the anticoagulant. Free cortisol, cortisone and the synthetic anti-inflammatory analogues as well as Reichstein's Compound S were shown to be capable of inducing in vitro eosinopenia; the acetate and hemisuccinate salts of cortisol were inactive in vitro as were such compounds as deoxycorticosterone, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, corticotrophin, heparin, epinephrine and acetylsalicylic acid. The speed of the reaction was roughly proportional to the concentration of cortisol in a range from 25 to 200 μg/100 ml. The ultimate degree of eosinolysis was not related to the amount of steroid. The eosinophils remaining after eosinolysis were resistant to further steroid.

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