scholarly journals Attachment and Mentalizing Abilities in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Agostini ◽  
Eleonora Scaioli ◽  
Andrea Belluzzi ◽  
Massimo Campieri
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Style ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Emotional Disturbances ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Attachment Insecurity ◽  
Human Ability ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Related Stress

Background. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are associated with stress, poor quality of life, and attachment insecurity. Mentalization is the human ability to perceive and reason about feelings and psychological dispositions of one’s self and others. The chronic disorders are believed to affect patients’ mentalizing abilities and to determine a shift towards attachment insecurity in patients affected. In this study, the attachment dimensions and mentalization were assessed in IBD patients and healthy controls. Further knowledge about the interplay among IBD, mentalization, and attachment might shed more light into the psychopathological mechanisms leading to insecurity and vulnerability to stress in IBD. Methods. A group of 96 IBD patients and 102 healthy controls completed the attachment style questionnaire (ASQ), the reflective functioning questionnaire (RFQ), and the Eyes test, a performance-based measure of mentalization. Results. Compared to controls, IBD patients have shown more pronounced attachment anxiety and lower scores in the Eyes test. Disease activity was negatively correlated with the Eyes test scores. Conclusion. These findings have suggested a plausible impact of IBD on mentalization abilities and have provided new insights into the interplay between IBD, deficits in mentalization, and attachment insecurity. IBD patients are highly vulnerable to disease-related stress that may promote impairments in mentalization. Low mentalization might play a central role in the development of attachment insecurity and emotional disturbances in IBD. The present study’s results might open new scenarios for psychodynamic approaches to the treatment of the emotional disturbances in IBD based on attachment and mentalization theory.

Partners’ Attachment Insecurity and Stress Predict Poorer Relationship Functioning During COVID-19 Quarantines

2021 ◽  
pp. 194855062199297
Author(s):  
Nickola C. Overall ◽  
Valerie T. Chang ◽  
Paula R. Pietromonaco ◽  
Rachel S. T. Low ◽  
Annette M. E. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Family Cohesion ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Relationship Functioning ◽  
Attachment Avoidance ◽  
Attachment Insecurity ◽  
Relationship Problems ◽  
Ongoing Relationship ◽  
Related Stress

The COVID-19 pandemic presents acute, ongoing relationship challenges. The current research tested how (1) preexisting vulnerabilities assessed prior to the pandemic (attachment insecurity) and (2) stress as couples endured a mandated quarantine predicted residual changes in relationship functioning. Controlling for prequarantine problems, relationship quality, and family environment, greater partners’ attachment anxiety predicted greater relationship problems, lower relationship quality, and a less stable and cohesive family environment when people were experiencing more stress. Greater partners’ attachment avoidance predicted lower problem-solving efficacy and family cohesion. The effects of partners’ preexisting vulnerabilities and pandemic-related stress demonstrate the utility of key models in relationship science in identifying who is at most risk of relationship problems in the unprecedented context of a mandated quarantine. The results emphasize that the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on relationship functioning will be shaped by the characteristics of partners with whom people are confined with during the pandemic.

scholarly journals N23 Concerns of patients with inflammatory bowel disease in the process of disease management

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S668-S668
Author(s):  
S M Mohsenizadeh ◽  
Z S Manzari ◽  
H vosoghinia ◽  
H Ebrahimipour
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Care Plan ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Weak Support ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Specific Care

Abstract Background Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are among the most common disorders that cause poor quality of life and impose a lot of social and economic burden on patients and their family. Therefore, identifying the main concerns of these patients in the management of the disease is very important for designing a specific care plan. The aim of this study was to explaining the concerns of patients with IBD in the process of disease management. Methods This research was carried out using thematic analysis method. Sixteen patients with at least one year of IBD were interviewed individually by semi-structural questions. Their main concerns in the management of the disease were analysed. Results The main concerns of patients with IBD were categorised into four main groups as follows: mental (negative attitude toward disease, encounter with disease, tolerance of tough condition, maladaptation, acceptance and denial of disease), behavioural (avoidance of situations, out-of-home planning, physical activity, diet, seeking information, seeking the best treatment), socioeconomic (weak support, high cost of treatment, confidentiality of the disease), and biomedical (supplying medicine and experiencing surgery). These concerns have a substantial impact on patients’ ability regarding the reconciliation of their living with disease. Conclusion By identifying the concerns of patients with IBD in their disease management process, nurses can develop care programmes and interventions to meet the essential needs of these patients.

scholarly journals Going Viral: a Novel Role for Bacteriophage in Colorectal Cancer

mBio ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A. Handley ◽  
Suzanne Devkota
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Dark Matter ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Disease Signatures

ABSTRACT Microbiome-based signatures of disease have focused primarily on the bacterial component of the microbiome for numerous reasons, including ease of sample preparation and depth of the curated bacterial database. However, even more numerous than bacteria are the bacteriophages of the viral portion of the microbiome, which have emerged with identifiable disease signatures in other diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases. Here, G. D. Hannigan, M. B. Duhaime, M. T. Ruffin, IV, C. C. Koumpouras, and P. D. Schloss (mBio 9:e02248-18, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.02248-18) present a study that explores the potential bacteriophage signatures in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and the associated changes in bacterial signatures. Sampling from a cross section of 60 patients at different stages of CRC in addition to 30 healthy controls, this study highlights the need for greater exploration into the virome, including the “dark matter” of diverse forms that viruses assume in the gastrointestinal tract.

scholarly journals Immunoglobulin subtype-coated bacteria are correlated with the disease activity of inflammatory bowel disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaro Masu ◽  
Yoshitake Kanazawa ◽  
Yoichi Kakuta ◽  
Yusuke Shimoyama ◽  
Motoyuki Onodera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Novel Treatment ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Bacteroides Ovatus

AbstractImmune response involving various immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes and subtypes to microbiome is involved in the pathogenesis and disease activity of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). To clarify the presence of Ig-coated bacteria in the intestine and its association with disease activity in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), we extracted and classified Ig-coated bacteria from fecal samples of 42 patients with IBD and 12 healthy controls (HCs) using flow cytometry and 16S ribosomal RNA sequence analysis. The percentage of bacteria coated with IgA and IgM was higher in patients with IBD than in HCs, and IgG-coated bacteria were found only in patients with IBD. Moreover, the percentages of bacteria coated with IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgM in UC samples and IgG3, IgG4, and IgM in CD samples were correlated with disease activities. The proportions of Bacteroides ovatus and Streptococcus increased during the active phase of CD. Hence, the detailed analysis of Ig-coated bacteria and Ig subtypes using flow cytometry could aid in developing useful indicators of disease activity and identifying more disease-related bacteria, which could become novel treatment targets for IBDs.

Dispositional Attachment Style Moderates the Effects of Physiological Coregulation on Short-Term Changes in Attachment Anxiety and Avoidance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Attachment Insecurity ◽  
Insight Into

Individuals with personality disorders often experience romantic relationship dysfunction and have an insecure attachment style. Here, we examined attachment dynamics in dyadic interactions, focusing specifically on the role of physiological coregulation in state attachment processes in couples oversampled for personality pathology. One hundred twenty-one couples completed a ten-minute discussion about an area of disagreement in their relationship and a five-minute discussion in which they planned an event together. We employed a dynamical model of heart rate changes to estimate coregulation. We found that (a) increases in state attachment avoidance were associated with contrarian coregulation (heart rate becoming misaligned from the partner’s physiology) and (b) conversely, increases in state attachment anxiety were associated with dependent coregulation (heart rate becoming aligned toward the partners’ physiology). Dispositional attachment insecurity moderated the effects of state attachment insecurity on physiological coregulation. Whereas dispositional anxiety predicted individuals exhibiting dependent coregulation in response to state insecurity, dispositional avoidance predicted contrarian coregulation in response to state insecurity. This work provides insight into the role of physiological coregulation in attachment dynamics among couples oversampled for personality pathology, suggesting that disruptions to coregulation contribute to impaired emotion regulation during romantic conflicts.

scholarly journals The roles of attachment and resilience in perceived stress in medical students

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e69-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galilee Thompson ◽  
Andrew Wrath ◽  
Krista Trinder ◽  
G. Camelia Adams
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Attachment Insecurity ◽  
Mediation Analyses

Background: Medical students are susceptible to high levels of psychological stress, while being equipped with lower levels of resilience, especially females. Adult attachment is a known risk factor for a broad range of mental health difficulties and poor coping. The purpose of this study is to examine relationship attachment style, perceived stress, and resilience in medical students.Methods: Data was collected via an online survey using self-report measures from University of Saskatchewan undergraduate medical students (n = 188). Attachment was assessed with the Relationship Questionnaire and Experiences in Close Relationships Scale. Resilience and stress were assessed with the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and Perceived Stress Scale, respectively.Results: Approximately half of our sample endorsed secure attachment style (49.4%). Females reported significantly more attachment insecurity, higher attachment anxiety, higher perceived stress, and lower resilience compared to males, as expected. As predicted, attachment anxiety and avoidance were predictors of perceived stress. Mediation analyses supported the hypothesis that resilience acted as a partial mediator between attachment insecurity and perceived stress.Conclusion: These findings suggest attachment plays a role in perceived stress in medical students. In addition, the role of resiliency in protecting against this effect highlights potential areas for intervention to improve medical student well-being and provides a foundation for longitudinal follow-up. 

scholarly journals Association between Corrected QT Interval and C-Reactive Protein in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 382
Author(s):  
Angelo Viscido ◽  
Annalisa Capannolo ◽  
Renata Petroni ◽  
Gianpiero Stefanelli ◽  
Giulia Zerboni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Qt Interval ◽  
Qtc Interval ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Background and objectives: Electrocardiograph abnormalities (i.e., QT interval prolongation) have been described in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). We aimed to measure the QT interval in a cohort of patients with IBD and to analyze its relationship with clinical and inflammatory activity. Materials and Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study that included 38 IBD outpatients and 38 “age- and sex-matched” healthy controls. Nine patients had active IBD, and 29 were in clinical remission. Among the latter, 10 patients had sustained (lasting >1 year) and 19 had short-term remission (≤1 year). Corrected QT (QTc) interval was measured on standard 12-lead electrocardiograph. A systematic review of the literature on studies investigating the QT interval in patients with IBD was also performed. Results: QTc interval values were similar between IBD patients and healthy controls (417.58 ± 22.05 ms vs. 409.13 ± 19.61 ms, respectively; p: 0.479). Patients with active IBD had significantly higher QTc values (435.11 ± 27.31 ms) than both controls (409.13 ± 19.61 ms) and patients in remission (412.14 ± 17.33 ms) (p: 0.031). Post hoc analysis showed that the difference in QTc values between active IBD and remission was attributable to the group of patients with sustained remission (p < 0.05). Lastly, a significant correlation between QTc interval and C-reactive protein (CRP) values was observed (Spearman test: r = 0.563; p: 0.0005). Conclusions: Our study demonstrates an association between QTc duration and both clinical and inflammatory activity in patients with IBD. The higher the CRP value, the longer is the QTc duration. For practical purposes, all patients with active IBD should undergo a standard ECG. Prescription of drugs able to modify the QT interval should be avoided in patients with active IBD. The systematic review of the literature indicated that this is the first published study demonstrating an association between the QTc duration and CRP values in patients with IBD.

scholarly journals The Determinants of Out-of-Pocket Expenditure in IBD Italian Patients. Results from the AMICI Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 8156
Author(s):  
Matteo Ruggeri ◽  
Carlo Drago ◽  
Chiara Cadeddu ◽  
Alessandro Armuzzi ◽  
Salvo Leone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Decision makers are used to consider Out-of-Pocket Expenditure (OOPE) within a health technology assessment framework in order to account for an indicator relying on the level of fairness and on the quality of care of a health system. In this paper, we provide estimates on the determinants of OOPE in Italy by using data coming from an observational cross-sectional study that enrolled a sample of 2526 patients suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases. We explore the association between OOPE and: (1) geographical location; (2) income effects; (3) performances in delivering healthcare. A regression model was used. Individuals’ age were in the range of 18–88 (mean 44 ± 14.55). Forty-six percent were females, 54% were married and 19% held a bachelor degree. Ninety-six percent of respondents declared an OOPE >0 whose mean value was €960 ± €950. Individuals belonging to low-income and low-performance regions were more likely to declare an OOPE >0 (99%). Regression findings suggest that increases in OOPE could be considered as a response from patients aiming to compensate for lacks and inefficiencies in the public healthcare offers. Policymakers should consider increases in OOPE in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs) as an indicator of poor quality of care and poor fairness.

Circulating Leptin Levels as a Potential Biomarker in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Gabriela Ferreira de Carvalho ◽  
William Gustavo Lima ◽  
Luiz Gonzaga Vaz Coelho ◽  
Valbert Nascimento Cardoso ◽  
Simone Odília Antunes Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Background The differential diagnosis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) between Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) is important for designing an effective therapeutic regimen. However, without any adequate gold standard method for differential diagnosis currently, therapeutic design remains a major challenge in clinical practice. In this context, recent studies have showed that circulating leptin stands out as a potential biomarker for the categorization of IBDs. Thus, we aimed to summarize the current understanding of the prognostic and diagnostic value of serum leptin in patients with IBDs. Methods A systematic search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases. Articles that aimed to study the relationship between circulating levels of leptin and IBDs were included. Finally, the meta-analysis was performed with the mean serum leptin levels in patients with IBDs and healthy controls using RevMan 5.3 software, with I2 &gt; 50% as a criterion for substantial heterogeneity. Results Nineteen studies were included. Serum leptin levels among patients with IBDs and healthy controls did not show a significant difference (95% CI, −2.15 to 0.57; I2, 86%, P ≤ 0.00001). Similarly, there was no association of leptin levels with the activity of IBDs (95% CI, −0.24 to 0.06; I2, 50%; P = 0.13). However, serum leptin levels were significantly higher in patients with CD than those in patients with UC (95% CI, −2.09 to −0.37; I2, 7%; P ≤ 0.36). Conclusion This review suggested that serum leptin levels might be a promising biomarker to help in the differentiation between CD and UC.

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