scholarly journals Special Needs Dental Management of the Class 3 Obese Patient

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Zanab Malik
Keyword(s):  
Special Needs ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Dental Service ◽  
World Health ◽  
Dental Management ◽  
Effective Delivery ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
And Training ◽  
Dental Professionals

Obesity, classified as a chronic disease by the World Health Organisation (WHO), is a worldwide public health problem. Obesity has links with numerous systemic diseases which may complicate dental management and as such, patients with obesity and concomitant medical comorbidities are commonly managed by Special Needs Dentistry specialist departments in Australia. The sparsity of available evidence on the dental status in this group is likely due to significant access issues experienced by the class 3 obese, who often weigh >140 kg and therefore are unable to be examined or treated in conventional dental chairs. “Bariatric” is a term used to refer to a specific branch of medicine dealing with causes, prevention, and treatment of obesity. It is used widely in the literature to refer to obese patients; however, dentistry for this cohort (“bariatric dentistry”) is less well defined and represents less frequently used terminology. This case report is of a 58-year-old female, with class 3 obesity, who presented in May 2018 for outpatient consult to the Special Needs Unit/Medically Complex Dental Clinic at Westmead Centre for Oral Health, Sydney, Australia, with a compromised and neglected dentition and requiring full dental clearance. The case highlights many of the significant access issues and considerations for safe and effective delivery of dental management. As we move into the future, dental professionals need to become more aware of the growing challenge obesity presents and understand how medical complexities influence dental management. Facilities need to be able to meet this growing need and the specific requirements for a functional and safe bariatric dental service; dependent on both appropriate infrastructure and training.

scholarly journals Latent Tuberculosis Infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Zellweger ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Pulmonary Involvement ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Expert Interview ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Latent Tb ◽  
Latent Tb Infection

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global public health problem and is the leading cause of death linked to a single pathogen, ranking above human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).1 Clinically, TB has been categorised as active disease (patients who are generally symptomatic and may be infectious if pulmonary involvement is present) and latent infection (asymptomatic and not infectious, but at variable risk for progression to active TB disease). It is increasingly being recognised that latent TB infection (LTBI) reflects diverse responses to infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and may lead to heterogeneous clinical outcomes. In an expert interview, Jean-Pierre Zellweger discusses the latest World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines on the management of LTBI.

scholarly journals Use of rapid point-of-care diagnostic tests for the elimination of congenital syphilis: what is the evidence?

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranmini Kularatne
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Clinic Visit ◽  
World Health ◽  
Technical Specifications ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Maternal Syphilis ◽  
Point Of Care Tests

Congenital syphilis constitutes a major preventable public health problem, that has been targeted for elimination by the World Health Organisation. Adverse pregnancy outcomes occur in upto 80% of untreated maternal syphilis. National impact targets for elimination include 95% syphilis testing and treatment coverage for pregnant women. Screening and treatment of maternal syphilis should ideally happen at the first ante-natal clinic visit. This may be facilitated by the use of rapid point-of-care tests (POCTs), especially for healthcare centres with limited laboratory access. There are several commercial syphilis POCTs, some of which also screen for HIV infection. These have different technical specifications, and their performance characteristics vary when capillary fingerprick whole blood is used for testing in a clinic setting. Syphilis POCT implementation in ante-natal care is affordable and rational in resource-constrained settings; however, managers and policy makers should be aware of the various programmatic issues that need to be addressed in the preimplementation phase and monitored over time.

A Human Rights-Based Emotional and Safety Skills Programme for Children in Finland

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-704
Author(s):  
Riitta Ala-Luhtala ◽  
llsa Lottes ◽  
Sirpa Valkama ◽  
Leena Liimatainen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Safety Skills ◽  
Public Health Programmes ◽  
Health Programmes

According to research reviewed by the World Health Organisation and the Council of Europe, child abuse and maltreatment are both violations of human rights and a major public health problem. In the last couple of decades there has also been a movement to integrate human rights principles into public health programmes and health system analyses. Rights-based approaches put responsibility and accountability components into health promotion for countries whose governments have accepted human rights principles. The purpose of this paper is to describe a human-rights-based emotional and safety skills programme developed in Finland; the goal of this programme is to train health and social work professionals, child care workers and child educators to help children learn and apply emotional and safety skills. The programme integrates the protection, provision and participation characteristics of human rights with active learning techniques. The programme was positively evaluated by its participants. The paper concludes with recommendations for human rights education so others may integrate rights-based approaches for health promotion and public health programmes.

Preventive measures for Dental Professionals during worldwide emergency COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 150-153
Author(s):  
Samrudhi Khatod ◽  
Anuja Ikhar ◽  
Pradnya Nikhade ◽  
Kaustubh Khatod
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
World Health ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Indirect Transmission ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Dental Professionals

Coronavirus (CoV-2) is a rapidly spreading viral infection all over the world. World Health Organisation declared COVID- 19 as the pandemic disease. Professionally, Dentists are prone to get the cross-infection. And are at 100% risk. This is because Dentists come across face to face communication with the patients, frequent exposure to saliva, blood, other body fluids while handling the teeth and sharp instruments. So, precautionary and preventive measures should be taken to prevent and minimize the cross-infection and spread of COVID-19. The susceptible people of COVID-19 are those who had a travel history from abroad, elderly people, immuno-compromised, and people with co-morbidities. This condition is more prevalent in males when compared to females. Transmission can be broadly divided into the direct and indirect transmission. In general, a COVID infected patient shows signs of symptoms like fever, cough, sore throat, fatigue, headache, body pain, lethargy, and breathlessness. At present, no cure or vaccine has been discovered. Currently, a combination of anti-viral and anti-malarial drugs is being used to treat patients. Simultaneously, multi-vitamins and Hydroxychloroquine is administered to most susceptible patients after consulting the physician. Prevention for aerosol, body fluids, nasal discharge is a must. Disinfection of surrounding and personal protective wear, which includes a face shield, mask, gown, head cap, double gloving, and glasses, should be worn by healthcare professionals to limit the contact to the virus. Social distancing is a must to control the transmission of this disease.

Possible effect of Astaxanthin on obesity related increased COVID-19 infection morbidity and mortality

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elif Didem Örs ◽  
Şenay Burçin Alkan ◽  
Abdullah Öksüz
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

: Obesity is defined by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as a body mass index equals to 30 kg/m2 or greater. It is an important and escalating global public health problem. Obesity is known to cause low-grade chronic inflammation, increasing the burden of noncommunicable and possibly communicable diseases. There is considerable evidence that obesity is associated with an increased risk of contracting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection as well as significantly higher COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. It appears plausible that controlling the chronic systemic low-grade inflammation associated with obesity may have a positive impact on the symptoms and the prognosis of COVID-19 disease in obese patients. Astaxanthin (ASTX) is a naturally occurring carotenoid with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory activities. As a nutraceutical agent, it is used as a preventative and a co-treatment in a number of systemic neurological, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases. This review article will discuss the pathogenesis of COVID-19 infection and the effect of ASTX on obesity and obesity-related inflammation. The potential positive impact of ASTX anti-inflammatory properties in obese COVID-19 patients will be discussed.

scholarly journals PROFIL LANJUT USIA DENGAN DEPRESI YANG TINGGAL DI BALAI PENYANTUNAN LANJUT USIA SENJA CERAH MANADO

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivone R Ballo ◽  
Theresia M D Kaunang ◽  
Herdy Munayang ◽  
Christoffel Elim
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mild Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Elderly Living

Abstract: According to the World Health Organisation, depression is still a serious public health problem. Depression is a mood disorder due to a disturbance in human functions related to sad feelings that can occur in every individual, including the elderly. The purpose of this study was to find out the profile of the elderly living in BPLU Senja Cerah (Senior Citizens Home) Manado who suffered from depression. This was an observational study with a cross-sectional design. Samples were all elderly, living in the BPLU Senja Cerah that were willing and able to become respondents, and fulfiled the inclusive and exclusive criteria, including signing informed consents and not suffering from any chronic diseases, such as strokes or cardiac diseases. The study showed that depression was mostly found at the ages of 61-74 years (25%) and after 1-6 months of staying in BPLU Senja Cerah (21.3%); the occurence of depression was higher in females (29.8% of total respondents); and the most frequent type was mild depression (30.4%). Conclusion: in BPLU Senja Cerah Manado, the respondents who most suffered from depression were in the following categories: the ages of 61-74 years, females, mild types of depression, and having stayed 1-6 months at the center. Keywords: depression, elderly, prevalence of depression  Abstrak: World Health Organization (WHO) mengemukakan bahwa depresi masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang serius. Depresi adalah gangguan mood dimana terganggunya fungsi manusia berkaitan dengan alam dan perasaan yang sedih. Gangguan depresi dapat terjadi pada semua individu, termasuk lanjut usia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi gangguan depresi pada lanjut usia yang tinggal di Balai Penyatunan Lanjut Usia (BPLU) Senja Cerah Manado. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian observasi dengan deain potong lintang. Sampel penelitian ialah semua lanjut usia yang tinggal di BPLU Senja Cerah Manado yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, antara lain bersedia dan bisa menjadi responden serta menandatangani informed consent, dan tidak menderita penyakit kronik seperti stroke atau gangguan jantung. Depresi paling banyak dialami pada kelompok umur 61-74 tahun (25,5%), telah berdiam di BPLU Senja Cerah selama 1-6 bulan (21,3%), berjenis kelamin perempuan (29,8%), dengan tingkat depresi ringan yang terbanyak (30,4%). Simpulan: pada lanjut usia yang tinggal di Balai Penyatunan Lanjut Usia (BPLU) Senja Cerah Manado depresi ditemukan terbanyak pada usia 61-74 tahun, jenis kelamin perempuan, jenis depresi ringan, dengan masa tinggal 1-6 bulan. Kata kunci : Depresi, lanjut usia, prevalensi depresi

A Collaborative Study to Establish the Second International Standard for Streptokinase

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (02) ◽  
pp. 267-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
A B Heath ◽  
P J Gaffney
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Accelerated Degradation ◽  
The World ◽  
International Collaborative Study

SummaryAn International Standard for Streptokinase - Streptodomase (62/7) has been used to calibrate high purity clinical batches of SK since 1965. An international collaborative study, involving six laboratories, was undertaken to replace this standard with a high purity standard for SK. Two candidate preparations (88/826 and 88/824) were compared by a clot lysis assay with the current standard (62/7). Potencies of 671 i.u. and 461 i.u. were established for preparations A (88/826) and B (88/824), respectively.Either preparation appeared suitable to serve as a standard for SK. However, each ampoule of preparation A (88/826) contains a more appropriate amount of SK activity for potency testing, and is therefore preferred. Accelerated degradation tests indicate that preparation A (88/826) is very stable.The high purity streptokinase preparation, coded 88/826, has been established by the World Health Organisation as the 2nd International Standard for Streptokinase, with an assigned potency of 700 i.u. per ampoule.

A Collaborative Study to Establish an International Standard for Alpha-Thrombin

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (04) ◽  
pp. 424-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
P J Gaffney ◽  
A B Heath ◽  
J W Fenton II
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Thrombin Inhibitors ◽  
World Health ◽  
Expert Committee ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Assay Procedure ◽  
And Control

SummarySince 1975 an International Standard for Thrombin of low purity has been used. While this standard was stable and of value for calibrating thrombins of unknown potency the need for a pure a-thrombin standard arose both for accurate calibration and for precise measurement of thrombin inhibitors, notably hirudin. An international collaborative study was undertaken to establish the potency and stability of an ampouled pure a-thrombin preparation. A potency of 97.5 international units (95% confidence limits 86.5-98.5) was established for the new a-thrombin standard (89/ 588) using a clotting-assay procedure. Stability data at various elevated temperatures indicated that the standard could be transported and stored with no significant loss of potency.Ampoules of lyophilised a-thrombin (coded 89/588) have been recommended as an International Standard for a-thrombin with an assigned potency of 100 international units per ampoule by the International Society for Thrombosis and Haemostasis (Thrombin and its Inhibitors Sub-Committee) in Barcelona, Spain in July 1990 while the Expert Committee on Biological Standardisation and Control of the World Health Organisation will consider its status at its next meeting in Geneva in 1991.

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