scholarly journals Review on Acoustic Droplet Vaporization in Ultrasound Diagnostics and Therapeutics

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Ksenia Loskutova ◽  
Dmitry Grishenkov ◽  
Morteza Ghorbani
Keyword(s):  
Surrounding Medium ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Pressure Amplitude ◽  
Acoustic Droplet Vaporization ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Droplet Vaporization ◽  
Ultrasound Diagnostics ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV) is the physical process in which liquid undergoes phase transition to gas after exposure to a pressure amplitude above a certain threshold. In recent years, new techniques in ultrasound diagnostics and therapeutics have been developed which utilize microformulations with various physical and chemical properties. The purpose of this review is to give the reader a general idea on how ADV can be implemented for the existing biomedical applications of droplet vaporization. In this regard, the recent developments in ultrasound therapy which shed light on the ADV are considered. Modern designs of capsules and nanodroplets (NDs) are shown, and the material choices and their implications for function are discussed. The influence of the physical properties of the induced acoustic field, the surrounding medium, and thermophysical effects on the vaporization are presented. Lastly, current challenges and potential future applications towards the implementation of the therapeutic droplets are discussed.

scholarly journals Tribology of 2D Nanomaterials: A Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul С. Uzoma ◽  
Huan Hu ◽  
Mahdi Khadem ◽  
Oleksiy V. Penkov
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
2D Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Solid Lubricants ◽  
Friction Behavior ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Frictional Coefficients ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The exfoliation of graphene has opened a new frontier in material science with a focus on 2D materials. The unique thermal, physical and chemical properties of these materials have made them one of the choicest candidates in novel mechanical and nano-electronic devices. Notably, 2D materials such as graphene, MoS2, WS2, h-BN, and Black Phosphorus have shown outstanding lowest frictional coefficients and wear rates, making them attractive materials for high-performance nano-lubricants and lubricating applications. The objective of this work is to provide a comprehensive overview of the most recent developments in the tribological potentials of 2D materials. At first, the essential physical, wear, and frictional characteristics of the 2D materials including their production techniques are discussed. Subsequently, the experimental explorations and theoretical simulations of the most common 2D materials are reviewed in regards to their tribological applications such as their use as solid lubricants and surface lubricant nano-additives. The effects of micro/nano textures on friction behavior are also reviewed. Finally, the current challenges in tribological applications of 2D materials and their prospects are discussed.

Recent developments in the utility of saturated azaheterocycles in peptidomimetics

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Kumar Singh ◽  
Mahesh K Lakshman
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

To large extent, the physical and chemical properties of peptidomimetic molecules are dictated by the integrated heterocyclic scaffolds they contain. Heterocyclic moieties are introduced into a majority of peptide-mimicking molecules...

Characteristics of Chitosan Nanoparticles for Water and Wastewater Treatment

2017 ◽  
pp. 223-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cayla Cook ◽  
Veera Gnaneswar Gude
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Coagulation And Flocculation ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Chitosan is a naturally occurring biopolymer originating from several microbial species as well as crustacean species, such as shrimp and lobster. Chitosan has excellent physical and chemical properties that allow its use in various environmental applications especially in water treatment. It is a biodegradable polymer, and it is inexpensive providing an environmentally friendly and economic option for water and wastewater treatment. Chitosan offers a myriad of applications through chemical coagulation and flocculation, antimicrobial properties, adsorption capabilities, and nanofiltration and can provide a sustainable route for water and wastewater treatment. This book chapter elaborates the recent developments in chitosan applications in water and wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Tribology of 2D Nanomaterials: A Review

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 897
Author(s):  
Paul C. Uzoma ◽  
Huan Hu ◽  
Mahdi Khadem ◽  
Oleksiy V. Penkov
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
2D Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Solid Lubricants ◽  
Friction Behavior ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Frictional Coefficients ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The exfoliation of graphene has opened a new frontier in material science with a focus on 2D materials. The unique thermal, physical and chemical properties of these materials have made them one of the choicest candidates in novel mechanical and nano-electronic devices. Notably, 2D materials such as graphene, MoS2, WS2, h-BN and black phosphorus have shown outstanding lowest frictional coefficients and wear rates, making them attractive materials for high-performance nano-lubricants and lubricating applications. The objective of this work is to provide a comprehensive overview of the most recent developments in the tribological potentials of 2D materials. At first, the essential physical, wear and frictional characteristics of the 2D materials including their production techniques are discussed. Subsequently, the experimental explorations and theoretical simulations of the most common 2D materials are reviewed in regards to their tribological applications such as their use as solid lubricants and surface lubricant nano-additives. The effects of micro/nano textures on friction behavior are also reviewed. Finally, the current challenges in tribological applications of 2D materials and their prospects are discussed.

scholarly journals The Neutral Envelopes of Planetary Nebulae: Molecules and H I

1993 ◽  
Vol 155 ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Huggins
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Planetary Nebulae ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Agb Stars ◽  
Subsequent Evolution ◽  
Neutral Gas ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Molecular Lines ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

This paper summarizes recent developments in the study of planetary nebulae using observations of molecular lines and the 21 cm line of H I. The observations reveal that many planetary nebulae are surrounded by envelopes of neutral gas, whose mass often exceeds that of the ionized nebulae. They also provide valuable information on the physical and chemical properties of the envelopes, their structure, and kinematics. The neutral envelopes firmly link the formation of planetary nebulae with the mass loss by AGB stars, and can play an important role in the subsequent evolution of the nebulae.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Silica Nanoparticles by Sol-Gel: Size-Dependent Properties, Surface Modification, and Applications in Silica-Polymer Nanocomposites—A Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Ab Rahman ◽  
Vejayakumaran Padavettan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Polymer Nanocomposites ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Gel Technique ◽  
Nanoparticles Characterization ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Application of silica nanoparticles as fillers in the preparation of nanocomposite of polymers has drawn much attention, due to the increased demand for new materials with improved thermal, mechanical, physical, and chemical properties. Recent developments in the synthesis of monodispersed, narrow-size distribution of nanoparticles by sol-gel method provide significant boost to development of silica-polymer nanocomposites. This paper is written by emphasizing on the synthesis of silica nanoparticles, characterization on size-dependent properties, and surface modification for the preparation of homogeneous nanocomposites, generally by sol-gel technique. The effect of nanosilica on the properties of various types of silica-polymer composites is also summarized.

scholarly journals Recent Developments in Food Packaging Based on Nanomaterials

Nanomaterials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukun Huang ◽  
Lei Mei ◽  
Xianggui Chen ◽  
Qin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Food Quality And Safety ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The increasing demand for high food quality and safety, and concerns of environment sustainable development have been encouraging researchers in the food industry to exploit the robust and green biodegradable nanocomposites, which provide new opportunities and challenges for the development of nanomaterials in the food industry. This review paper aims at summarizing the recent three years of research findings on the new development of nanomaterials for food packaging. Two categories of nanomaterials (i.e., inorganic and organic) are included. The synthetic methods, physical and chemical properties, biological activity, and applications in food systems and safety assessments of each nanomaterial are presented. This review also highlights the possible mechanisms of antimicrobial activity against bacteria of certain active nanomaterials and their health concerns. It concludes with an outlook of the nanomaterials functionalized in food packaging.

Producing Improved Masonry and Protective Paints by Means of Modifying and Introducing Additives in Liquid Glass

2018 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 1074-1079
Author(s):  
A.V. Vyboishchik ◽  
I.L. Kostiunina
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Liquid Glass ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Urban Buildings ◽  
Chelyabinsk Region ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Atmospheric Phenomena

Environmental issues are among the most challenging problems affecting living conditions of urban population in nowadays’ Russia, and, therefore, are the most crucial questions needed solution under current industrial conditions. One of the main weaknesses of the contemporary Russian cities’ aesthetical appearance is the insufficient protection of buildings from atmospheric phenomena, viz. temperature, humidity, precipitations, etc. In addition, industrial emissions are the second main cause impeding the durability of urban buildings’ coatings. The given article describes new techniques in producing masonry and protective paints’ production in Chelyabinsk Region. The traditional technique of paints coatings’, e.g. liquid glass’, manufacture, is researched, with its weak points described, and new techniques proposed. The influence the composition of the raw material on basic properties of masonry paints under different condition is studied. The application of new techniques utilizing industrial emissions in urban areas can solve the above-listed problems, which also, in addition with the basic physical and chemical properties’ improvement, will obtain masonry paints having reduced cost and increased hardness.

scholarly journals Impact of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Modification on Its Application to Pollution Treatment—A Review

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruixiang Li ◽  
Tian Li ◽  
Qixing Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Photocatalytic Oxidation ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Pure Tio2 ◽  
Inorganic Substances ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Physical And Chemical

A high-efficiency method to deal with pollutants must be found because environmental problems are becoming more serious. Photocatalytic oxidation technology as the environmentally-friendly treatment method can completely oxidate organic pollutants into pollution-free small-molecule inorganic substances without causing secondary pollution. As a widely used photocatalyst, titanium dioxide (TiO2) can greatly improve the degradation efficiency of pollutants, but several problems are noted in its practical application. TiO2 modified by different materials has received extensive attention in the field of photocatalysis because of its excellent physical and chemical properties compared with pure TiO2. In this review, we discuss the use of different materials for TiO2 modification, highlighting recent developments in the synthesis and application of TiO2 composites using different materials. Materials discussed in the article can be divided into nonmetallic and metallic. Mechanisms of how to improve catalytic performance of TiO2 after modification are discussed, and the future development of modified TiO2 is prospected.

Self-Assembling Of Ordered Mesoporous Titania Nanostructures

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (S2) ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
J.S. Yin ◽  
Z.L. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cobalt Doping ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Titanium Butoxide ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Large Bulk ◽  
Ordered Mesoporous ◽  
Porous Titania ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Ordered self-assembly of nanocrystals is scientifically interesting due to not only the unique properties of the nanocrystals, but also the collective properties of the assembly. Compared to lithography method, self-assembly is limited by a lack of control over the sizes of the ordered arrays, resulting in difficulties in characterizing their physical and chemical properties. New techniques are needed to manipulate the self-assembling process and the nanostructures formed.In this work, polystyrene (PS) spheres were used as the template to form large bulk ordered anatase nanostructure with cobalt doping. The ordered PS template was infiltrated with absolute alcohol solution of titanium butoxide. After the precursor was dried, it was treated at 160°C for 5 hours and then at 450°C for another 5 hours. To dope cobalt into the structure, the porous titania host was immersed in a heptane solution with cobalt carbonyl. After drying in vacuum at room temperature, it was treated at 160°C.

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