scholarly journals A Review of Isolation, Chemical Properties, and Bioactivities of Polysaccharides from Bletilla striata

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Xiaolong Ji ◽  
Mingsong Yin ◽  
Hui Nie ◽  
Yanqi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Bletilla Striata ◽  
Extraction Separation ◽  
Hemostatic Effects

Recently, polysaccharides from Bletilla striata, a member of the orchidaceous family, aroused the wide interest of people, especially their isolation, chemical properties, and bioactivities. It is reported that these polysaccharides are the most important biologically active components of B. striata, exhibiting various biological activities, such as immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antifibrotic, and hemostatic effects. This review appraised the available literatures which described different aspects of B. striata polysaccharides, including the extraction, separation, purification, structural characterization, and biological activities. We expect to lay the foundation for further investigation of the application of B. striata polysaccharides in the field of functional foods and biomedicine.

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective Effect of Mixture of Dipropyl Polysulfides in Concanavalin A-Induced Hepatitis

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1022
Author(s):  
Dragana Arsenijevic ◽  
Bojana Stojanovic ◽  
Jelena Milovanovic ◽  
Aleksandar Arsenijevic ◽  
Milos Simic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Concanavalin A ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
T Regulatory Cells ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Organosulfur Compounds ◽  
Liver Inflammation ◽  
Regulatory Cells ◽  
Active Components

The main biologically active components of plants belonging to the genus Allium, responsible for their biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulatory, are organosulfur compounds. The aim of this study was to synthetize the mixture of dipropyl polysulfides (DPPS) and to test their biological activity in acute hepatitis. C57BL/6 mice were administered orally with DPPS 6 h before intravenous injection of Concanavalin A (ConA). Liver inflammation, necrosis and hepatocytes apoptosis were determined by histological analyses. Cytokines in liver tissue were determined by ELISA, expression of adhesive molecules and enzymes by RT PCR, while liver mononuclear cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. DPPS pretreatment significantly attenuated liver inflammation and injury, as evidenced by biochemical and histopathological observations. In DPPS-pretreated mice, messenger RNA levels of adhesion molecules and NADPH oxidase complex were significantly reduced, while the expression of SOD enzymes was enhanced. DPPS pretreatment decreased protein level of inflammatory cytokines and increased percentage of T regulatory cells in the livers of ConA mice. DPPS showed hepatoprotective effects in ConA-induced hepatitis, characterized by attenuation of inflammation and affection of Th17/Treg balance in favor of T regulatory cells and implicating potential therapeutic usage of DPPS mixture in inflammatory liver diseases.

scholarly journals Sapogenol is a Major Microbial Metabolite in Human Plasma Associated with High Protein Soy-Based Diets: The Relevance for Functional Food Formulations

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 422
Author(s):  
Madalina Neacsu ◽  
Vassilios Raikos ◽  
Yara Benavides-Paz ◽  
Sylvia H. Duncan ◽  
Gary J. Duncan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Foods ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Soya Meal ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Health Promoting

Legumes are a source of health-promoting macro- and micronutrients, but also contain numerous phytochemicals with useful biological activities, an example of which are saponins. Epidemiological studies suggest that saponins may play a role in protection from cancer and benefit human health by lowering cholesterol. Therefore, they could represent good candidates for specialised functional foods. Following the consumption of a soya-rich high-protein weight-loss diet (SOYA HP WL), the concentrations of Soyasaponin I (SSI) and soyasapogenol B (SSB) were determined in faecal samples from human volunteers (n = 10) and found to be between 1.4 and 17.5 mg per 100 g fresh faecal sample. SSB was the major metabolite identified in volunteers’ plasma (n = 10) after consumption of the soya test meal (SOYA MEAL); the postprandial (3 h after meal) plasma concentration for SSB varied between 48.5 ng/mL to 103.2 ng/mL. The metabolism of SSI by the gut microbiota (in vitro) was also confirmed. This study shows that the main systemic metabolites of soyasaponin are absorbed from the gut and that they are bioavailable in plasma predominantly as conjugates of sapogenol. The metabolism and bioavailability of biologically active molecules represent key information necessary for the efficient development of functional foods.

Soybean: feed quality and safety. Part 1: Biologically active components. A review

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Csáky ◽  
S. Fekete
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Hydrophobic Protein ◽  
Feed Quality ◽  
Chemical Evaluation ◽  
Kunitz Inhibitor ◽  
Maillard Products

A large number of soybean components have diverse biological activities. These include hormonal, immunological, bacteriological and digestive effects. The presently known allergens are listed. The divergence between chemical evaluation and biological value is highlighted. The following components are discussed: Kunitz inhibitor, Bowman-Birk inhibitor, saponins, soyacystatin, phytoestrogens (daidzein, glycitein, genistein), Maillard products, soybean hydrophobic protein, soy allergens, lecithin allergens, raffinose, stachyose, 2-pentyl pyridine. The studies describing the effects of the isolated components are reviewed.

scholarly journals Coconut Carbon Dots: Progressive Large-Scale Synthesis, Detailed Biological Activities and Smart Sensing Aptitudes towards Tyrosine

Nanomaterials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Pooja Chauhan ◽  
Deepa Mundekkad ◽  
Amitava Mukherjee ◽  
Savita Chaudhary ◽  
Ahmad Umar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Amino Acid Sensing

In the recent era, carbon dots (C-dots) have been extensively considered as a potential tool in drug delivery analysis. However, there have been fewer reports in the literature on their application in the sensing of amino acids. As part of our ongoing research on coconut-husk-derived C-dots, we synthesized C-dots under different temperature conditions and utilized them in the field of amino acid sensing and found them to be highly selective and sensitive towards tyrosine. The detailed characterization of the prepared C-dots was carried out. The developed C-dots exhibit good values of quantum yield. BSA, HSA and glutamic acid were utilized to explore the binding efficiency of C-dots with biologically active components. Hemolysis, blood clotting index activity and cell viability assays using the prepared C-dots were evaluated and they were found to be biocompatible. Therefore, the C-dots described in this work have high potential to be utilized in the field of amino acid sensing, especially L-tyrosine. The limit of detection and the binding constant for the developed C-dots in the presence of tyrosine were found to be 0.96 nM and 296.38 nM−1, respectively. The efficiency of the developed C-dots was also investigated in the presence of various other amino acids and different water mediums in order to enhance the working scope of the developed sensors.

scholarly journals Isolation, Structures, and Bioactivities of the Polysaccharides fromGynostemma pentaphyllum(Thunb.) Makino: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolong Ji ◽  
Yingbin Shen ◽  
Xudan Guo
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Composition And Structure

Polysaccharides obtained fromGynostemma pentaphyllum(Thunb.) Makino have promising prospects in functional food and nutraceuticals due to its broad range of biological activities including antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antitumor, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and antifatigue activities. These beneficial biological activities are related to chemical composition and structure of theG. pentaphyllumpolysaccharides. The molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and chemical structures could be influenced by both different extraction/purification techniques employed to obtain polysaccharide enriched products. The purpose of this article is to review previous and current literature regarding the extraction, purification, structural characterization, and biological activity ofG. pentaphyllumpolysaccharides. This review provides a useful bibliography for the further investigation, production, and application ofG. pentaphyllumpolysaccharides as functional foods and nutraceuticals.

scholarly journals Thermal fields of the Ebeko volcano (Paramushir Island, Kuril Islands) and their recreational and tourist potential

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 514-525
Author(s):  
R.V. Zharkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Thermal Spring ◽  
Kuril Islands ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
Active Components ◽  
The North ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Mineralized Water ◽  
Wide Range

The paper provides with the research results of physicochemical and balneological properties of thermal waters and hydrothermal mud of the Ebeko volcano (Paramushir Island, Kuril Islands). To assess recreational and tourist potential, we sample the most intensive thermal waters outputs. Ultra-acidic spring no. 1 of the Verkhne-Yuryeva group has a temperature of 88 °C, its mineralized (M – 13 g/l) chloride-sulfate waters contain biologically active elements in elevated concentrations (Si, B, Br, Fe2 +). Thermal waters of the Verkhne-Yuryeva springs can be roughly attributed to the Gaisky type of the acid water group and recommended for external use in the treatment and prevention of a wide range of diseases. Given the complexity of the route to the springs, the real development of this territory is considered not as a balneotherapy complex, but as an object of recreational and tourist activities. A similar situation is with an ultra-acidic sulfate thermal spring in the North-Eastern solfataric field. In addition to hydrotherms, it contains thin deposits of hydrothermal mud , which is almost impossible to use as a therapeutic due to its insufficiently good physical indicators and relatively small volume. The most promising deep hydrotherms for recreation and balneotherapy are opened by a well P-2 in the area of Severo-Kurilsk. In 2014, the hydrotherms temperature was 82 °C, mineralized water (M – 8.6 g/l) chloride-hydrocarbonate sodium, slightly alkaline (pH 7.6), with an elevated content of biologically active components (Si, B, Br). According to the physical and chemical properties, the thermal waters of well P-2 can be tentatively attributed to the Lazarevsky hydrochemical type of therapeutic drinking water of chloride-hydrocarbonate sodium group, and as an external (balneological) use, they are tentatively close to the Kuldur type of siliceous thermal waters of various ion composition.

scholarly journals Brown Algae Carbohydrates: Structures, Pharmaceutical Properties, and Research Challenges

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 620
Author(s):  
Yanping Li ◽  
Yuting Zheng ◽  
Ye Zhang ◽  
Yuanyuan Yang ◽  
Peiyao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brown Algae ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pharmaceutical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Brown algae (Phaeophyceae) have been consumed by humans for hundreds of years. Current studies have shown that brown algae are rich sources of bioactive compounds with excellent nutritional value, and are considered functional foods with health benefits. Polysaccharides are the main constituents of brown algae; their diverse structures allow many unique physical and chemical properties that help to moderate a wide range of biological activities, including immunomodulation, antibacterial, antioxidant, prebiotic, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, antitumor, and anticoagulant activities. In this review, we focus on the major polysaccharide components in brown algae: the alginate, laminarin, and fucoidan. We explore how their structure leads to their health benefits, and their application prospects in functional foods and pharmaceuticals. Finally, we summarize the latest developments in applied research on brown algae polysaccharides.

scholarly journals Advances in the Extraction, Purification, Structural Characteristics and Biological Activities of Eleutherococcus senticosus Polysaccharides: A Promising Medicinal and Edible Resource With Development Value

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojie Li ◽  
Cai Chen ◽  
Aijing Leng ◽  
Jialin Qu
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Eleutherococcus Senticosus ◽  
Radiation Enhancement ◽  
Extraction Separation ◽  
Development And Utilization ◽  
Efficient Extraction

In recent years, natural polysaccharides have received growing attention and interest in view of their values in food, medical, cosmetics and other fields. Eleutherococcus senticosus (E. senticosus) is a medicine and food homologous plant that possess anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, central nervous system and cardiovascular protection, anti-radiation, enhancement of human microcirculation, improvement of physical fatigue effects, mainly based on lignans, flavonoids and coumarin types. E. senticosus polysaccharides (ESPS), act as a kind of polysaccharide extracted and isolated from the root and rhizome of E. senticosus, have been found in many applications of medicine and food for their unique biological activity. Nevertheless, the existing studies are mostly concerned with small molecules of E. senticosus, less attention is paid to polysaccharides. Moreover, the types and structural characterization of ESPS reported in existing literature were also not summarized. In this paper, the research progress of ESPS is reviewed from the aspects of extraction, separation, structural characterization and biological activity, future perspectives from points of efficient extraction, resource utilization and quality control standards were also proposed, which provide reference for the further development and utilization of ESPS.

scholarly journals Characterization of Powdered Lulo (Solanum quitoense) Bagasse as a Functional Food Ingredient

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leidy Indira Hinestroza-Córdoba ◽  
Stevens Duarte Serna ◽  
Lucía Seguí ◽  
Cristina Barrera ◽  
Noelia Betoret
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Water Interaction

The stabilization of fruit bagasse by drying and milling technology is a valuable processing technology to improve its durability and preserve its valuable biologically active components. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of lyophilization and air temperature (60 °C and 70 °C) in hot air-drying as well as grinding conditions (coarse or fine granulometry) on physico-chemical properties; water interaction capacity; antioxidant properties; and carotenoid content of powdered lulo bagasse. Air-drying kinetics at 60 °C and 70 °C and sorption isotherms at 20 °C were also determined. Results showed that drying conditions influence antioxidant properties and carotenoid content while granulometry slightly influenced fiber and water interaction properties. Fiber content was near 50% and carotenoid content was higher than 60 µg/g dry matter in lyophilized powder. This β-carotene content is comparable to that provided by carrot juice. Air-drying at 60 °C only reduced carotenoids content by 10%.

scholarly journals Review on Pharmacologically Active Metabolites from Yarsagumba (Ophiocordyceps sinensis), an Epitome of Himalayan Elixir

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Shrestha ◽  
AK Shrestha ◽  
JH Park ◽  
DY Lee ◽  
JG Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Entomogenous Fungus ◽  
Ophiocordyceps Sinensis ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Effective Drugs

Yarsagumba (Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sung et al.) is a well-known entomogenous fungus native to alpine nival terrain of trans-Himalaya and Tibetan Plateau. The traditional use of O. sinensis in Ayurvedic medicine as well as in traditional Chinese medicine for range of human health requirements with well documented evidences are themselves testimony of its value. It is regarded as winter worm, summer grass due to its association with Thitarodes (Hepialus) larvae. The extremities of habitat condition and endurance of fungus to sustain adversaries by production of metabolites has led to unique profile of metabolites including nucleosides, proteins and nitrogenous compounds, polysaccharides, sterols, fatty acids and their derivatives, as well as some vitamins and inorganics. There are wide ranges of biological activities that have been reported from O. sinensis including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-metastatic, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, insecticidal, hypolipidaemic, hypoglycemic, antiageing, lipolytic, neuroprotective, renoprotective effects, etc. Although several components can be responsible for activity of compounds, understanding ultimate compounds which fit with biomolecular target is crucial to combat diseases and development of new class of effective drugs. In this review a concise evaluation of pharmacological activities of metabolites reported for O. sinensis are done to provide insight into its biologically active components. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v14i2.10415   Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 14, No. 2 (2013) 49-58

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