Use of Cesarean Birth among Robson Groups 2 and 4 at Mizan-Tepi University Hospital, Ethiopia

Background. Primary cesarean birth rates were high among women who were either nulliparous (Group 2) or multiparous (Group 4) with a single, cephalic, term fetus who were induced, augmented, or underwent cesarean birth before labor in our study cohort. Objectives. The objective of this analysis was to determine what risk factors were associated with cesarean birth among Robson Groups 2 and 4. Methods. This study was a prospective hospital-based cross-sectional analysis of a convenience sample of 1,000 women who delivered at Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital in the summer and fall of 2019. Results. Women in Robson Groups 2 and 4 comprised 11.4% (n = 113) of the total population (n = 993). The cesarean birth rate in Robson Group 2 (n = 56) was 37.5% and in Robson Group 4 (n = 57) was 24.6%. In Robson Group 2, of all prelabor cesareans (n = 5), one birth was elective cesarean by maternal request; the intrapartum cesarean births (n = 16) mostly had a maternal or fetal indication (93.8%), with one birth (6.2%) indicated by “failed induction or augmentation,” which was a combined indication. In Robson Group 4, all 4 women delivered by prelabor cesarean had a maternal indication (one was missing data), and 3 of the intrapartum cesareans were indicated by “failed induction or augmentation.” In multivariable modeling of Robson Group 2, having a labor duration of “not applicable” increased the risk of cesarean delivery (RR 2.9, CI (1.5, 5.4)). The odds of requiring maternal antibiotics was the only notable outcome with increased risk (RR 11.1, CI (1.9, 64.9)). In multivariable modeling of Robson Group 4, having a labor longer than 24 hours trended towards a significant association with cesarean (RR 3.6, CI (0.9, 14.3)), and women had a more dilated cervix on admission trended toward having a lower odds of cesarean (RR 0.8, CI (0.6, 1.0)). Conclusion. Though rates of primary cesarean birth among women who have a term, single, cephalic fetus and are induced, augmented, or undergone prelabor cesarean birth are high, those that occur intrapartum seem to be associated with appropriate risk factors and indications, though we cannot say this definitely as we did not perform an audit. More research is needed on the prelabor subgroup as a separate entity.

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Abstract TP217: Cerebrovascular Events in Glioma Patients Treated with Bevacizumab

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.44.suppl_1.atp217 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Donika K Patel ◽

Seby John ◽

Neda Hashemi-Sadraei ◽

Manmeet Ahluwalia

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Tumor Progression ◽

Cerebrovascular Event ◽

Patient Demographics ◽

Randomized Controlled Studies ◽

Cerebrovascular Events ◽

Bevacizumab Treatment ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Group 2 ◽

Endothelial Growth Factor

Introduction: Bevacizumab, a humanized monoclonal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody, was FDA approved in 2009 for progressive glioblastoma. Phase II clinical trials suggested an increased risk of ischemic stroke (IS) and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) while on bevacizumab. The incidence, clinical characteristics, and neuroimaging of glioma patients who developed cerebrovascular events while on treatment is lacking. We report our experience using bevacizumab for glioma patients. Methods: A retrospective review of glioma patients treated with bevacizumab at our institution from July 2005 to June 2011 was studied. Patients with MRI-confirmed IS and/or ICH while on bevacizumab was investigated and compared to historical data. Patient demographics, vascular risk factors, clinical presentations, tumor characteristics, treatments (surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation), and treatment duration were collected. Results: A total of 162 patients (65% male) received bevacizumab and 23 (14%) developed a cerebrovascular event while on treatment, with 3 (2%) IS and 20 (12%) ICH. All IS and ICH patients received prior brain radiation. In the IS group, 2 (66%) patients were symptomatic, with 1 (33%) cardiembolic and 2 (66%) lacunar strokes. None had risk factors besides hypercoagulable state from malignancy. In the ICH group, 3 (15%) patients had a symptomatic bleed and 6 (30%) had associated hypertension. All ICHs were intratumoral and 16 (80%) associated with tumor progression. Median survival after stroke was 9.8 and 3.7 months in the IS and ICH groups, respectively. Length of bevacizumab treatment was not significantly associated with development of IS ( p = 0.6) and ICH ( p = 0.3). Conclusion: Glioma patients have an inherently elevated risk of IS and ICH because of disease- and treatment-related effects. In our study, 78% of the events were asymptomatic and diagnosed on serial imaging. ICHs were more common, but all were small intratumoral bleeds, mostly in the setting of tumor progression. Development of cerebrovascular events was not associated with the duration of bevacizumab treatment. Our study, however, cannot determine causality and randomized controlled studies are needed to determine the risk of IS and ICH with bevacizumab use.

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Is low antiepileptic drug dose effective in long-term seizure-free patients?

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/s0004-282x2003000400008 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 61 (3A) ◽

pp. 566-573 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Tânia A.M.O. Cardoso ◽

Fernando Cendes ◽

Carlos A.M. Guerreiro

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Antiepileptic Drug ◽

Randomized Study ◽

Drug Dose ◽

University Hospital ◽

Seizure Recurrence ◽

Partial Group ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of leaving seizure-free patients on low-dose medication. METHOD: This was an exploratory prospective randomized study conducted at our University Hospital. We evaluated the frequency of seizure recurrence and its risk factors following complete or partial antiepileptic drug (AED) withdrawal in seizure free patients for at least two years with focal, secondarily generalized and undetermined generalized epilepsies. For this reason, patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (complete AED withdrawal), and Group 2 (partial AED withdrawal). Partial AED withdrawal was established as a reduction of 50% of the initial dose. Medication was tapered off slowly on both groups. Follow-up period was 24 months. RESULTS: Ninety-four patients were followed up: 45 were assigned to complete (Group 1) AED withdrawal and 49 to partial (Group 2) AED withdrawal. Seizure recurrence frequency after two years follow-up were 34.04% in group 1 and 32.69% in Group 2. Survival analysis showed that the probability of remaining seizure free at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after randomization did not differ between the two groups (p = 0.8). Group 1: 0.89, 0.80, 0.71 and 0.69; group 2: 0.86, 0.82, 0.75 and 0.71. The analysis of risk factors for seizure recurrence showed that more than 10 seizures prior to seizure control was a significant predictive factor for recurrence after AED withdrawal (hazard ratio = 2.73). CONCLUSION: Leaving seizure free patients on low AED dose did not reduce the risk for seizure recurrence. That is, once the decision of AED withdrawal has been established, it should be complete.

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Cigarette Smoking and Risk of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Does Cessation of Smoking Really Help?

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.32.suppl_1.362-b ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 32 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. 362-362

Author(s):

Abutaher M Yahia ◽

Adnan Qureshi ◽

M Fareed K Suri ◽

Zulfiqar Ali ◽

Lee R Guterman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

University Hospital ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Johns Hopkins University ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Cerebrovascular Risk ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Independent Association

P128 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Smoking has been shown to increase the risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). It remains unclear whether cessation of smoking decreases this risk. To address this issue, we performed a case control study examining the effect of smoking and other known risk factors for cerebrovascular disease on the risk of SAH. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of all patients with a diagnosis of SAH (n=323) admitted to the Johns Hopkins University hospital between January 1990 and June 1997. Controls matched for age, sex, and ethnicity (n=969) were selected from the nationally representative sample of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We determined the independent association between smoking (present and previous) and various cerebrovascular risk factors and SAH using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Of 323 patients admitted with SAH (mean age 52.7±14 years; 93 were men), 149 (46%) were currently smoking and 125(39%) were previous smokers. In the multivariate analysis, both previous cigarette smoking (OR = 3.4; 95% CI, 2.3–5.1) and present cigarette smoking (OR = 2.0; 95% CI, 1.3–3.0) were significantly associated with SAH. Hypertension was also significantly associated with SAH (OR = 2.4; 95% CI, 1.8–3.3). CONCLUSION: Cigarette smoking increases the risk for SAH as suggested in previous studies. However, the increased risk persists even after cessation of cigarette smoking suggesting the importance of early abstinence from smoking.

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754. Prevalence of Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among Healthcare Workers at a Tertiary Care University Hospital

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofy210.761 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. S271-S271

Author(s):

Eun Ju Choo ◽

Se Yoon Park

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Latent Tuberculosis ◽

Tuberculosis Infection ◽

University Hospital ◽

Increased Risk ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Univariate Analyses

Abstract Background We investigated the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among healthcare workers (HCWs) and analyzed its risk factors in a tertiary care university hospital in South Korea in a population with intermediate tuberculosis (TB) burden. Methods A standard questionnaire regarding the baseline demographics and risk factors for LTBI was given to each participant. QuantiFERON-TB GOLD In-Tube (QFT-GIT) assay and chest radiography were performed to investigate the rate of LTBI. Results A total of 1,429 participants, 213 (14.9%) doctors and 988 (69.1%) nurses and 228 (16.0%) others were enrolled. The mean age of the subjects was 33.0 years old, and 1,175 (82.2%) were female. Of the participants, 94.5% had received BCG vaccine. QFT-GIT assays were positive for 156 subjects (10.9%). Of the 213 doctors, 28 (13.1%) were positive by QFT-GIT, and among the 988 nurses, 94 (9.5%) had positive QFT-GIT results. Experience of working in hospital was significantly associated with positive LTBI test results by QFT-GIT assay. Gender and duration of employment as an HCW were significantly associated with having a positive QFT-GIT result in univariate analyses. In multivariate analyses, duration of employment as an HCW (>15 years) (odds ratio, 1.98; 95% confidence interval, 1.14–3.43) was independently associated with increased risk of a positive QFT-GIT result. Conclusion A high prevalence of LTBI was found among our HCWs. Considering the association between the experience of working in hospital and high risk of LTBI. The risk for tuberculosis infection among HCWs was higher than general population, which suggests that stricter preventive strategies against nosocomial tuberculosis infection should be implemented. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Analysis of Caesarean Section Rates Using the Robson Classification System at a University Hospital in Spain

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17051575 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 1575 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rafael Vila-Candel ◽

Anna Martín ◽

Ramón Escuriet ◽

Enrique Castro-Sánchez ◽

Francisco Javier Soriano-Vidal

Keyword(s):

Classification System ◽

Weighted Least Squares ◽

University Hospital ◽

Analysis Tool ◽

Least Squares Regression ◽

Clinical Method ◽

Robson Classification ◽

Relative Contribution ◽

Group 4 ◽

Group 2

Background: The WHO recommends the use of the Robson ten-group classification system (RTGCS) as an effective monitoring and analysis tool to assess the use of caesarean sections (CS). The present study aimed to conduct an analysis of births using the RTGCS in La Ribera University Hospital over nine years and to assess the levels and trends of CS births. Methods: Retrospective study between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2018. All eligible women were allocated in RTGCS to determine the absolute and relative contribution made by each group to the overall CS rate; linear regression and weighted least squares regression analysis were used to analyze trends over time. The risk of CS of women with induced versus spontaneous onset of labor was calculated with an odds ratio (OR) with a 95% CI. Results: 16,506 women gave birth during the study period, 19% of them by CS. Overall, 20.4% of women were in group 1 (nulliparous, singleton cephalic, term, spontaneous labor), 29.4% in group 2 (nulliparous, singleton cephalic, term, induced labor or caesarean before labor), and 12.8% in group 4 (multiparous, singleton cephalic, term, induced or caesarean delivery before labor) made the most significant contributions to the overall rate of CS; Conclusions: In our study, Robson Groups 1, 2, and 4, were identified as the main contributors to the hospital’s overall CS rate. The RTGCS provides an easy way of collecting information about the CS rate, is a valuable clinical method that allows standardized comparison of data, and time point, and identifies the groups driving changes in CS rates.

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Duration of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusCarriage, According to Risk Factors for Acquisition

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology ◽

10.1086/507917 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 27 (11) ◽

pp. 1206-1212 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

Jonas Marschall ◽

Kathrin Mühlemann

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Methicillin Resistance ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

University Hospital ◽

Modifiable Risk Factor ◽

Lower Probability ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Antibiotics Use ◽

Definition Of

Objective.To examine the duration of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage and its determinants and the influence of eradication regimens.Design.Retrospective cohort study.Setting.A 1,033-bed tertiary care university hospital in Bern, Switzerland, in which the prevalence of methicillin resistance amongS. aureusisolates is less than 5%.Patients.A total of 116 patients with first-time MRSA detection identified at University Hospital Bern between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2003, were followed up for a mean duration of 16.2 months.Results.Sixty-eight patients (58.6%) cleared colonization, with a median time to clearance of 7.4 months. Independent determinants for shorter carriage duration were the absence of any modifiable risk factor (receipt of antibiotics, use of an indwelling device, or presence of a skin lesion) (hazard ratio [HR], 0.20 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.09-0.42]), absence of immunosuppressive therapy (HR, 0.49 [95% CI, 0.23-1.02]), and hemodialysis (HR, 0.08 [95% CI, 0.01-0.66]) at the time MRSA was first MRSA detected and the administration of decolonization regimen in the absence of a modifiable risk factor (HR, 2.22 [95% CI, 1.36-3.64]). Failure of decolonization treatment was associated with the presence of risk factors at the time of treatment (P= .01). Intermittent screenings that were negative for MRSA were frequent (26% of patients), occurred early after first detection of MRSA (median, 31.5 days), and were associated with a lower probability of clearing colonization (HR, 0.34 [95% CI, 0.17-0.67]) and an increased risk of MRSA infection during follow-up.Conclusions.Risk factors for MRSA acquisition should be carefully assessed in all MRSA carriers and should be included in infection control policies, such as the timing of decolonization treatment, the definition of MRSA clearance, and the decision of when to suspend isolation measures.

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Surgical-Site Infections Following Cesarean Section in an Estonian University Hospital: Postdischarge Surveillance and analysis of Risk Factors

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology ◽

10.1086/502566 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 449-454 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Piret Mitt ◽

Katrin Lang ◽

Aira Peri ◽

Matti Maimets

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cesarean Section ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Surgical Site Infections ◽

Fetal Monitoring ◽

University Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Multi Method Approach ◽

Method Approach

AbstractObjectives:To evaluate a multi-method approach to postdischarge surveillance of surgical-site infections (SSIs) and to identify infection rates and risk factors associated with SSI following cesarean section.Design:Cross-sectional survey.Setting:Academic tertiary-care obstetric and gynecology center with 54 beds.Patients:All women who delivered by cesarean section in Tartu University Women's Clinic during 2002.Methods:Infections were identified during hospital stay or by postdischarge survey using a combination of telephone calls, healthcare worker questionnaire, and outpatient medical records review. SSI was diagnosed according to the criteria of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System.Results:The multi-method approach gave a follow-up rate of 94.8%. Of 305 patients, 19 (6.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI95)], 3.8-9.6) had SSIs. Forty-two percent of these SSIs were detected during postdischarge surveillance. We found three variables associated with increased risk for developing SSI: internal fetal monitoring (odds ratio [OR], 16.6; CI95, 2.2-125.8; P = .007), chorioamnionitis (OR, 8.8; CI95, 1.1-69.6; P = .04), and surgical wound classes III and IV (OR, 3.8; CI95, 1.2-11.8; P=.02).Conclusions:The high response rate validated the effectiveness of this kind of surveillance method and was most suitable in current circumstances. A challenge exists to decrease the frequency of internal fetal monitoring and to treat chorioamnionitis as soon as possible (Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2005;26:449-454).

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Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Cerebral Microbleeds in Moyamoya Disease and Syndrome in the American Population

Cerebrovascular Diseases Extra ◽

10.1159/000504530 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 139-147

Author(s):

Nadeem I. Khan ◽

Ali A. Saherwala ◽

Mo Chen ◽

Sepand Salehian ◽

Hisham Salahuddin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Moyamoya Disease ◽

Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽

Medical Center ◽

Cerebral Microbleeds ◽

Age At Diagnosis ◽

University Hospital ◽

Vascular Events ◽

Increased Risk

Background and Purpose: Cerebral microbleeds (CMB) are reported to be frequent in moyamoya disease (MMD) and moyamoya syndrome (MMS) in the Asian population. It is associated with an increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage. The significance of CMB in MMD/MMS in non-Asian populations has not been well established. Our study aimed to investigate the prevalence of CMB in MMD/MMS in a moymoya cohort with a majority of non-Asians and to identify risk factors for developing a CMB and its predictive value for subsequent vascular events. Methods: The moyamoya database was compiled by screening for MMD/MMS among patients admitted to the Zale-Lipshy University Hospital at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. We identified and analyzed data of 67 patients with MMD or MMS. Patients were characterized as CMB+ or CMB– based on MRI findings. In CMB+ patients, the total number and location of CMB were identified. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify risk factors for developing CMB and whether CMB are associated with the development of subsequent vascular events. Results: Out of a total of 67 patients, 11 (16%) had CMB. Males had significantly higher odds of having CMB as compared to females (OR 1.76; 95% CI 1.40–24.3, p = 0.021). The incidence of CMB was also associated with age at diagnosis (mean age of CMB+ patients vs. CMB– patients: 44 vs. 34 years, respectively, p = 0.024), smoking (p = 0.006), and hemorrhagic stroke at presentation (p = 0.034). Logistic regression with multivariate analysis found that gender and age at diagnosis remained statistically significant. New ischemic events occurred in 2 (20%) out of 10 CMB+ patients and 13 (23%) out of 55 CMB– patients, respectively (p = 0.79). While 2 (3%) CMB– patients had a new cerebral hemorrhage during follow-up, none of the CMB+ patients did. Conclusions: CMB are less prevalent in MMD/MMS in the USA than in Asia. An older age at diagnosis and male gender were associated with CMB. The presence of CMB was not associated with an increased risk of a subsequent ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke.

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353. A Comparison Study of Prevalence and Risk Factors for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) by Transient Elastography (TE) in HIV-Infected Patients

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofz360.426 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. S186-S186

Author(s):

Sunny Choe ◽

Hend Al-Saleh ◽

James Fallon ◽

Herbert Galang ◽

Justin Mathew ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Transient Elastography ◽

Medical Center ◽

University Hospital ◽

Lower Percentage ◽

Strand Transfer ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Virus Load ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Abstract Background There are limited data on the prevalence and risk factors of NAFLD and NASH in HIV-infected individuals receiving ART. A large study on this subject was presented at Glasgow 2018, from the University Hospital of Palermo (UHP). Methods We prospectively collected data on epidemiology, comorbidities, CD4, HIV virus load and ART from November 2017 to September 2018 in patients undergoing TE examination with Controlled Attenuation Parameter (CAP) in our HIV clinic at Saint Michael’s Medical Center in Newark, NJ. We used the same parameters to define NAFLD and fibrosis severity that were used for the UHP (CAP >248 dB/m and TE > 7.1 Kpa). We present comparative data between those 2 cohorts. Results We enrolled 624 consecutive HIV-infected individuals (group 1) their baseline epidemiologic characteristics were not significantly different from the UHP cohort (group 2) for age and sex. Prevalence of NAFLD was 51.6% in group 1compared with 42.7% in group 2, and the prevalence of significant fibrosis in those with NAFLD was 31% in group 1, and 23% in group 2. The main differences we found between those 2 cohorts were race: group 1, 68% black and group 2, 87% White, incidence of Diabetes mellitus was 20% in group 1, and 6% in group 2, despite the fact that BMI was not significantly higher in group 1. Other important differences were the mean time on ART, it was 5 years longer for group 1. Finally, there was a trend for a higher incidence of hypertension, a lower percentage of patients with Virus load < 20 c/mL, a lower mean CD4 count, and a higher percentage of integrase strand transfer inhibitors current users in group1. Conclusion NAFLD prevalence is alarming high in patients with HIV disease, it is of utmost importance to understand its natural history, in order to prevent the potentially severe consequences of NASH. Our study suggests that a longer duration on ART might correlate with higher incidence of NAFLD, which would suggest better monitoring of liver health with new ART. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Association between Neuroleptics and Venous Thromboembolism: A Case-Control Study.

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v104.11.2601.2601 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 104 (11) ◽

pp. 2601-2601

Author(s):

Karine Lacut ◽

Gregoire Le Gal ◽

Emmanuel Oger ◽

Dominique Mottier

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Venous Thromboembolism ◽

Antipsychotic Drugs ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

University Hospital ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background: Preliminary reports suggest that use of antipsychotic drugs is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), but others did not confirm these results. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between antipsychotic drugs and VTE. Design: Case-control study (EDITH) designed to investigate genetic and environmental risk factors of VTE. Setting: Brest University Hospital. Participants: 857 patients consecutively hospitalized for a documented venous thromboembolic event were included between May 2000 and May 2004. Controls were matched on age, sex and the main risk factors of venous thromboembolism (cancer, surgery, pregnancy…). Results: The mean age of patients was 67.7 year. No significant difference was found between cases and controls concerning the main characteristics, except for smocking and body mass index. Among cases, 89 (10.4%) were current users of neuroleptics compared to 35 (4.8%) among controls. Current use of neuroleptics was associated with a significant increased risk of venous thromboembolism (OR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.55–3.48). Excluding neuroleptics used for non psychiatric disorders, and after adjustment on the main confounding factors, this association remained significant (OR = 3.48, 95% CI: 2.00–6.04). No difference was found between the different chemical categories of neuroleptics, but the number of patients in some groups had limited statistical power to demonstrate significant differences. Biological mechanisms of action have been proposed to explain this relation. Analyses are ongoing for anti-phospholipid antibodies and homocysteine. Conclusion: In this case-control study of hospitalized patients, neuroleptics use was associated with a significant increased risk of venous thromboembolism. These results are concordant with previous reports. Nevertheless, further investigations are needed to explain wich mechanisms may be involved in such association and before use of neuroleptics can be definitely considered as risk factor for venous thromboembolism.

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