scholarly journals Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of β-Lactamases among Enterobacterial Uropathogens in Southeastern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
M. C. Ugwu ◽  
M. Shariff ◽  
C.M. Nnajide ◽  
K Beri ◽  
U. M. Okezie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Esbl Gene ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Little is known about the molecular basis of antibiotic resistance among uropathogens in Southeast Nigeria. The aim of the study was to characterize enterobacterial uropathogens with respect to drug resistance. One hundred (100) enterobacterial uropathogens were studied. Their antibiotic susceptibility patterns were evaluated using disk diffusion, screened, and confirmed phenotypically for the presence of β-lactamases: ESBL, AmpC, carbapenemase, and MBLs. Screen positives were further tested for various β-lactamase genes by PCR. Our isolates showed variable resistance to most drugs tested. Out of the 58 ESBL screen positive E. coli, 35 were confirmed positive with PCR. The predominant ESBL gene was blaTEM while blaSPM was the most prevalent among MBL genes. Forty-six percentage of the screen positive Salmonella isolates coharbored blaTEM + SHV genes. Nine of the 10 ESBL screen positive K. pneumoniae were phenotypically and PCR positive. Three isolates of K. pneumoniae were positive for MBL genes. All the 10 C. freundii were positive for ESBL genes. The study showed high prevalence of drug-resistant genes among the enterobacterial uropathogens. Majority of the uropathogens harbored >1 antibiotic-resistant gene, and the most predominant gene was ESBL (blaTEM) followed by the MBL (SPM) gene.

scholarly journals Wastewaters, with or without Hospital Contribution, Harbour MDR, Carbapenemase-Producing, but Not Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 361
Author(s):  
Adela Teban-Man ◽  
Anca Farkas ◽  
Andreea Baricz ◽  
Adriana Hegedus ◽  
Edina Szekeres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
Carbapenemase Gene ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Sequence Types ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (CPKP) isolated from influent (I) and effluent (E) of two wastewater treatment plants, with (S1) or without (S2) hospital contribution, were investigated. The strains belonged to the Kp1 phylogroup, their highest frequency being observed in S1, followed by S2. The phenotypic and genotypic hypervirulence tests were negative for all the strains tested. At least one carbapenemase gene (CRG), belonging to the blaKPC, blaOXA-48, blaNDM and blaVIM families, was observed in 63% of CPKP, and more than half co-harboured two to four CRGs, in different combinations. Only five CRG variants were observed, regardless of wastewater type: blaKPC-2, blaNDM-1, blaNDM-6, blaVIM-2, and blaOXA-48. Sequence types ST258, ST101 and ST744 were common for both S1 and S2, while ST147, ST525 and ST2502 were found only in S1 and ST418 only in S2. The strains tested were multi-drug resistant (MDR), all being resistant to beta-lactams, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams and fluoroquinolones, followed by various resistance profiles to aminoglycosides, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, tigecycline, chloramphenicol and tetracycline. After principal component analysis, the isolates in S1 and S2 groups did not cluster independently, confirming that the antibiotic susceptibility patterns and gene-type profiles were both similar in the K. pneumoniae investigated, regardless of hospital contribution to the wastewater type.

scholarly journals Characterization of ESBL-Producing Enterobacteria from Fruit Bats in an Unprotected Area of Makokou, Gabon

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Philippe Mbehang Nguema ◽  
Richard Onanga ◽  
Guy Roger Ndong Atome ◽  
Jean Constant Obague Mbeang ◽  
Arsène Mabika Mabika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Fruit Bats ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases ◽  
First Time

In Gabon, terrestrial mammals of protected areas have been identified as a possible source of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Some studies on antibiotic resistance in bats have already been carried out. The main goal of our study was to detect extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) that are produced by enterobacteria from bats in the Makokou region in Gabon. Sixty-eight fecal samples were obtained from 68 bats caught in the forests located 1 km from the little town of Makokou. After culture and isolation, 66 Gram-negative bacterial colonies were obtained. The double-disk diffusion test confirmed the presence of ESBLs in six (20.69%) Escherichia coli isolates, four (13.79%) Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, and one (3.45%) Enterobacter cloacae isolate. The analysis based on the nucleotide sequences of the ESBL resistance genes showed that all cefotaximase-Munichs (CTX-Ms) were CTX-M-15 and that all sulfhydryl variables (SHVs) were SHV-11: 41.67% CTX-M-15-producing E. coli, 16.67% CTX-M-15+SHV-11-producing E. coli, 8.33% CTX-M-15-producing K. pneumoniae, 25% CTX-M-15+SHV-11-producing K. pneumoniae, and 8.33% CTX-M-15-produced E. cloacae. This study shows for the first time the presence of multiresistant ESBL-producing enterobacteria in fruit bats in Makokou.

Characterization of Antibiotic Resistance E. Coli and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Aquatic Environment of Taihu Lake, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 630-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Ni Han ◽  
Song He Zhang ◽  
Pei Fang Wang ◽  
Chao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Taihu Lake ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Realtime Pcr

The aims of this study are to evaluate multiple antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli isolated from surface water and to investigate the presence and distribution antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in sediments of Taihu Lake. The results show that the presentence of four ARGs concentrations in the sediments of the lake was in sequence: strB>qnrB>strA>qnrS, as determined by realtime-PCR technique. The southwest and east areas of Taihu Lake were polluted seriously than other areas from all kinds of antibiotics. The screening Escherichia coli had a higher resistance to streptomycin, tetracycline and ampicillin than other four antibiotics, and had a lowest resistance to levofloxacin.

scholarly journals High Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistant Escherichia coli Serotype O157: H7 among Pastoral Communities in Rural Uganda

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Abdul Walusansa ◽  
Jacob S. Iramiot ◽  
Christine F. Najjuka ◽  
Dickson Aruhomukama ◽  
Hussein Kafeero Mukasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pastoralist Communities ◽  
High Prevalence

Background: Non-prescribed use of antimicrobials in Agriculture incurs a transfer risk of resistant pathogens to humans, complicating treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the potential of Zoonotic E. coli to serve as drivers of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among animals and humans in pastoralist communities in Kasese district, so as to protect the community. Materials and Methods: A laboratory based cross-sectional study was done using archived E. coli isolates previously obtained from humans in pastoralist communities of Kasese district, Uganda. Recovery of the isolates was done by conventional culture, and Identification by biochemical methods, serotyping and PCR. Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method was adopted for AMR profiling. Isolates were screened for resistance mechanisms including Extended Spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), Carbapenemases and AmpC production using disc diffusion based methods. Results: The prevalence of Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) was 16% (28/180). These EHEC isolates belonged to phylogroups; B1 (94%, 26/28), B2 (3%, 1/28) and A (3%, 1/28). All the 28 EHEC isolates possessed the virulence gene stx1, 26 of the 28 EHEC isolates contained the virulence gene stx2e, but none of the 28 possessed the virulence gene stx2. Highest resistance was seen to Cotrimoxazole (89%, 25/28), Tetracycline (71%, 20/28), Ampicillin (65%, 18/28) and Nitrofurantoin (28%, 8/28), these are the most commonly used antimicrobials in the agricultural sector in Uganda. Minimal resistance was observed to the antimicrobials that are commonly used in human medicine especially β-lactams, β-lactam+inhibitors and Carbapenems. Of the 28 zoonotic E. coli isolates, 17%, (5/28) were ESBL positive and among these 1 (3%, 1/28) was a Carbapenemase producer. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of highly pathogenic, drug resistant E. coli O157:H7 among humans in pastoralist communities in Uganda. We suspect that these were acquired from animals because they mostly contained vero toxin gene vt2e which is animal specific, predominantly swine. Also majority of these EHEC isolates belonged to phylo-group B1 which has been documented to inhabit domestic animals. We recommend future studies to investigate relatedness of drug resistant isolates from humans and animals to ascertain the zoonotic spread of resistant enterohemorrhagic E. coli in pastoralist communities.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Escherichia coli in Healthy Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Zhao ◽  
Yueyun Shen ◽  
Gang Chen ◽  
Yanping Luo ◽  
Shenghui Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Esbl Gene ◽  
Clonal Spread ◽  
Potential Pathogenicity ◽  
Chromosomal Mutations ◽  
Beijing China ◽  
Sequence Types

Faecal E. coli can act as reservoirs for resistance genes. Here, we analyzed prevalence of drug resistance in faecal E. coli isolated from healthy children at a single kindergarten in Beijing, China, then used whole genome sequencing to characterize fluoroquinolone-non-susceptible strains. Our results revealed high resistance to ampicillin (54.0%), trimethoprim/sulphurmethoxazole (47.5%) and tetracycline (58.9%) among 576 faecal E. coli isolates, 49.2% of which exhibited multidrug resistance. A total of 113 E. coli isolates were not susceptible to ciprofloxacin, with four sequence types, namely ST1193 (25.7%), ST773 (13.3%), ST648 (8.8%) and ST131 (7.1%) found to be the most prevalent (54.9%). With regards to resistance to quinolones, we detected chromosomal mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE in 111 (98.2%), 105 (92.9%), and 67 (61.1%) isolates, respectively. blaCTX-M (37.2%) was the major ESBL gene, whereas blaCTX-M-14 (12.4%) and blaCTX-M-27 (11.5%) were the most frequent subtypes. A total of 90 (79.6%) ExPEC and 65 (57.5%) UPEC isolates were classified. Overall, these findings revealed clonal spread of certain prevalent STs, namely ST1193, ST773, ST648 and ST131 E. coli isolates in healthy children within a single kindergarten in Beijing, China, affirming the seriousness of the multidrug resistance problem and potential pathogenicity of E. coli isolates in healthy children. Therefore, there is an urgent need for increased surveillance to enhance control of this problem.

scholarly journals Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus Aureus isolated from clinical specimens at the Mater Hospital Nairobi, Kenya.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Okello ◽  
Loice Achieng ◽  
Enoch Omonge ◽  
Frederick Otieno ◽  
Davies Otieno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Clinical Specimen ◽  
Mater Hospital ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Abstract Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a leading cause of hospital and community acquired infections globally. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) prevalence has been reported to be high in various settings and is associated with increased morbidity, mortality and risk of nosocomial outbreaks. Surveillance of prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns is important to ensure appropriate antibiotic prescription. The objective of our study was to establish the prevalence of S. aureus, to identify patterns of susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics and quantify contemporary penicillin resistance among S. aureus. A retrospective study was conducted at the Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Nairobi. The study involved a review of non-duplicate records of specimens analyzed between January 2014 and December 2018.A specimen was categorized as Penicillin susceptible (PSSA) if susceptible to Penicillin and Oxacillin, MSSA if resistant to Penicillin but susceptible to Oxacillin, and MRSA if resistant to Oxacillin. We present proportions of S. aureus that was PSSA, MSSA and MRSA. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the association between the presence of S. aureus isolates and the source of the clinical specimen (in vs. outpatient), age and gender. A total of 659 specimens of S. aureus were analyzed in the 5-year period. ​​PSSA was the most prevalent organism seen (60.85%) while MRSA was the least prevalent (0.61 %). Most S. aureus was isolated in pus from wound swabs-644 (73. 3%). A significant increase in susceptibility of S. aureus to Penicillin and Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was observed during the study period however, sensitivity to Amoxicillin declined. This study demonstrated a high prevalence of Penicillin Sensitive S. aureus and a low prevalence of MRSA.

scholarly journals Prevalence and characterization of multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli from urine samples

1970 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Augustin Kakon Gomes ◽  
Humaira Akhter ◽  
Belal Mahmud ◽  
Sirajul Islam Khan ◽  
Anowara Begum
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Methyl Red ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Isolation, identification and characterization of Escherichia coli were carried out in terms of biochemical, serological, antibiogram, plasmid profile and culture condition of urine samples. Out of 50 urine samples, 36 were positive for E. coli that were confirmed by biochemical (e.g. oxidase, kligler’s iron agar, indole, methyl red-voges proskauer and citrate utilization) tests and 4-methyl-umbelliferyl-β-D-glucoronide (MUG) test. Twenty seven strains gave positive result with different antisera whereas nine strains were untypable (UT), respectively. Thirty six strains were also tested by antibiogram against ten different antibiotics. Most E. coli strains were resistant to bacitracin, ampicillin, novobiocin, kanamycin and streptomycin. Eighty three per cent strains were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and gentamycin while 11 and 12% showed resistance to ciprofloxacin and gentamycin, respectively. By plasmid profile analysis of the 36 strains seven different plasmid patterns were observed. Comparison of the plasmid profiles with the antibiogram results indicated the presence of resistant (R) plasmid. Thirty four isolates of E. coli contained a common 25 kb plasmid that may possibly be responsible for drug resistance in this study. The results suggested that the prevalence of multi-drug resistant and new serotype of E. coli may be increasing rapidly which is alarming for treatment of urinary tract infection in Bangladesh.Key words: Prevalence; Characterization; E. coli; Multi-drug resistant; Serotype; Clinical sampleDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v20i1.8834Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 20(1): 23-30, 2011 (January)

scholarly journals Untreated Liquid Hospital Waste: Potential Source of Multidrug Resistant Bacteria

2016 ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Md Kamruzzaman Siddiqui ◽  
Nazma Khatoon ◽  
Pravas Chandra Roy
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

Antimicrobial resistance in both pathogenic and commensal bacteria is increasing steadily. Failure of antibiotic resistant bacteria containment is responsible for this expansion. Healthcare effluent acts as the store house of harmful infectious pathogens. Potential health risk includes spreading of diseases by these pathogens and wide dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes. The present study was carried out to investigate the multiple-drug resistance among the bacterial strains that were isolated and identified from the effluents of Jessore Medical College Hospital & Jessore Queen’s hospital private limited. Identified bacteria were E. coli , Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Proteus vulgaris and Salmonella spp.. Occurrence of E. coli and Enterobacter spp. were found to have the highest percentages and present in majority of the samples. The identified organisms antibiotic resistant pattern were analyzed by agar disc diffusion method against 6 antibiotics. Results of antibiotic susceptibility test showed that all of the isolates were multi-drug resistant (e”4). From the study, we observed that 75% of the isolates were resistant to amoxicillin, followed by Ampicillin (64%), Chloramphenicol (31%), Gentamycin (29%), Nitrofurantoin (27%) and least resistant being Ciprofloxacin 23%. Among the isolates Salmonella spp. were showed highest rate of resistance against all the used antibiotics. The result denotes that, the identified bacteria have been well exposed to the tested antimicrobials and they have established mechanisms to avoid them. Therefore, proper waste water treatment plant should be established to diminish the risk of disseminating multiple drug resistant microorganisms for the safeguard of public health.Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 32, Number 1-2,June-Dec 2015, pp 21-24

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