scholarly journals Activity of Phosvitin in Hydroxyapatite Acid-Damage Immersion and Antimicrobial Assays

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Richard D. Shipman ◽  
Sean D. Doering ◽  
Jack R. Hemsath ◽  
Eun Joo Lee ◽  
Jennifer E. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Metal Binding ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Antibiotic Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tooth Decay ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Metal Binding Protein ◽  
Culture Growth

Phosvitin, the most highly phosphorylated metal-binding protein found in nature, binds more than 100 calcium ions, and has been identified as an agent that could be used to generate biomineralization scaffolds. Because of published reports describing phosvitin’s affinity for calcium and potential antibiotic activity, this study was undertaken in order to evaluate phosvitin for both antibiotic activity against common microorganisms and the ability to protect hydroxyapatite surfaces from acid damage. To more clearly define its antibiotic action, the effects of phosvitin on Micrococcus luteus, P. mirabilis, B. cereus, E. coli, and S. epidermidis were evaluated. In both Kirby–Bauer tests and liquid culture growth inhibition assays, phosvitin inhibited M. luteus, a microorganism that thrives in the human mouth, but not the other bacteria tested. The MIC of phosvitin was determined to be 31.3 μg/mL when delivered in 1 mM CaCl2 but was 0.5 mg/mL in the absence of added calcium. Expanding on the potential impacts of phosvitin on the mouth, its action was evaluated in a model of tooth decay represented by acid-damaged hydroxyapatite discs. SEM, AFM, and FAAS analyses revealed that pretreatment of discs with phosvitin modulated the damage-induced morphology and topography changes associated with acid-damaged discs.

Ovine ill-thrift in Nova Scotia. 9. Production of experimental quantities of isocyanide metabolites of Trichoderma hamatum

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1252-1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brewer ◽  
A. Feicht ◽  
A. Taylor ◽  
J. W. Keeping ◽  
A. A. Taha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Main Product ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Culture Broth ◽  
Antibiotic Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Trichoderma Hamatum ◽  
Laboratory Cultures ◽  
Unstable Compound ◽  
First Time

Laboratory cultures of Trichoderma hamatum produce metabolites that are characterized by an isocyanide functionality. Three such metabolites predominate. One is the known compound trichoviridin (I). The other two, described here for the first time, are 3-(3-isocyano-6-oxabicyclo[3,1,0]hex-2-en-5-yl)acrylic acid (II) and a very unstable compound 3-(3-isocyanocyclopent-2-enylidene-)propionic acid (III). Production of these three metabolites by a random sample of wild isolates of the fungus has been examined. At least one of these isocyanides was isolated from all cultures in which the culture broth inhibited the growth of Micrococcus luteus. The relative amounts of the three isocyanides produced by individual isolates were not the same and cultures were found in which I, II, or III was the main product. The isocyanide III was produced by all wild isolates which had antibiotic activity in their culture broth, and it was present in the concentration range 2–40 mg∙L−1.

Cadmium adsorption by E. coli with surface displayed CadR

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (21) ◽  
pp. 16089-16092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Liu ◽  
F. Yuan ◽  
Y. Liang ◽  
Z. Li
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Metal Binding ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Metal Binding Protein ◽  
Cadmium Adsorption

CadR is a metal-binding protein first isolated from rhizobacteriumPseudomonas putida.

Comparison of localization of metallothionein in tissues of metallothionein-deficient mice

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 1042-1043
Author(s):  
H. Nishimura ◽  
R Nishimura ◽  
D.L. Adelson ◽  
A.E. Michaelska ◽  
K.H.A. Choo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Binding ◽  
Immunohistochemical Staining ◽  
Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Rabbit Antiserum ◽  
Slight Modification ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Heavy Metal Binding ◽  
Critical Organ ◽  
Metal Binding Protein ◽  
Deficient Mice

Metallothionein (MT), a cysteine-rich heavy metal binding protein, has several isoforms designated from I to IV. Its major isoforms, I and II, can be induced by heavy metals like cadmium (Cd) and, are present in various organs of man and animals. Rodent testes are a critical organ to Cd and it is still a controversial matter whether MT exists in the testis although it is clear that MT is not induced by Cd in this tissue. MT-IV mRNA was found to localize within tongue squamous epithelium. Whether MT-III is present mainly glial cells or neurons has become a debatable topic. In the present study, we have utilized MT-I and II gene targeted mice and compared MT localization in various tissues from both MT-deficient mice and C57Black/6J mice (C57BL) which were used as an MT-positive control. For MT immunostaining, we have used rabbit antiserum against rat MT-I known to cross-react with mammalian MT-I and II and human MT-III. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted by the method described in the previous paper with a slight modification after the tissues were fixed in HistoChoice and embedded in paraffin.

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Two Forms of the Chaperonin GRO EL

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 258-259
Author(s):  
J.L. Carrascosa ◽  
G. Abella ◽  
S. Marco ◽  
M. Muyal ◽  
J.M. Carazo
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Other ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Series Method ◽  
Three Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Morphogenetic Factors ◽  
Tilt Series

Chaperonins are a class of proteins characterized by their role as morphogenetic factors. They trantsiently interact with the structural components of certain biological aggregates (viruses, enzymes etc), promoting their correct folding, assembly and, eventually transport. The groEL factor from E. coli is a conspicuous member of the chaperonins, as it promotes the assembly and morphogenesis of bacterial oligomers and/viral structures.We have studied groEL-like factors from two different bacteria:E. coli and B.subtilis. These factors share common morphological features , showing two different views: one is 6-fold, while the other shows 7 morphological units. There is also a correlation between the presence of a dominant 6-fold view and the fact of both bacteria been grown at low temperature (32°C), while the 7-fold is the main view at higher temperatures (42°C). As the two-dimensional projections of groEL were difficult to interprete, we studied their three-dimensional reconstruction by the random conical tilt series method from negatively stained particles.

Disinfection of Fruits with Activated Water

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1864-1872
Author(s):  
Prof. Teodora P. Popova
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
High Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Lower Effect

The effect of ionized aqueous solutions (anolytes and catholyte) in the processing of fruits (cherries, morellos, and strawberries) for decontamination has been tested. Freshly prepared analytes and catholyte without the addition of salts were used, as well as stored for 7 months anolytes, prepared with 0.5% NaCl and a combination of 0.5% NaCl and 0.5% Na2CO3. The anolyte prepared with a combination of 0.5% NaCl and 0.5% Na2CO3, as well as the anolyte obtained with 0.5% NaCl, exhibit high antimicrobial activity against the surface microflora of strawberries, cherries, and sour cherries. They inactivate E. coli for 15 minutes. The other species of the fam. Enterobacteriaceae were also affected to the maximum extent, as is the total number of microorganisms, especially in cherries and sour cherries. Even stored for 7 months, they largely retain their antimicrobial properties. Anolyte and catholyte, obtained without the addition of salts, showed a lower effect on the total number of microorganisms, but had a significant effect on Gram-negative bacteria, and especially with regard to the sanitary indicative E. coli.

Antibacterial Activity of Thujaoccidentalis,ThujaorientalisandChamaecyparisobtusa

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoung- Sun Seo ◽  
Seong Woo Jin ◽  
Seongkyu Choi ◽  
Kyeong Won Yun
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Agar Diffusion ◽  
Agar Diffusion Method ◽  
Crude Methanol Extract

The antibacterial activity of three Cupressaceae plants (Thujaoccidentalis,ThujaorientalisandChamaecyparisobtusa) was tested against three bacteria using the agar diffusion method. The ether and ethylacetate fraction of crude methanol extract from the three plants showed potent antibacterial activity against the tested microorganisms. The result showed that Staphylococcus aureus revealed the most sensitivity among the tested bacteria. Thujaoccidentalisether fraction and Thujaorientalis hexane fraction exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. E. coli was shown the highest MIC values compared to the other two tested bacteria, which indicates the lowest antibacterial activity against the bacterium. This study promises an interesting future for designing a potentially active antibacterial agent from the three Cupressaceae plants.

EFECTO INHIBITORIO DE EXTRACTOS DE Vitex mollis Kunth CONTRA BACTERIAS Y ESPECIES DE Fusarium DE IMPORTANCIA HUMANA Y AGRÍCOLA

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-363
Author(s):  
Alberto J. Valencia-Botin ◽  
Melesio Gutiérrez-Lomelí ◽  
Juan A. Morales-Del-Río ◽  
Pedro J. Guerrero-Medina ◽  
Miguel A. Robles-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
E Coli

Actualmente existe la necesidad de hacer frente al problema de la resistencia a los antibióticos y al uso indiscriminado de fungicidas químicos en la agricultura. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto inhibitorio de extractos acuosos, metanólicos, acetónicos y hexánicos de hoja y tallo de Vitex mollis Kunth (Lamiaceae) contra diferentes bacterias (Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Salmonella enterica y Staphylococcus aureus) y especies del hongo Fusarium (F. verticillioides, F. oxysporum, F. tapsinum y F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici) de importancia en la salud y en la agricultura, así como determinar su composición química general. Se determinaron las concentraciones inhibitorias mínimas (CIM) de todos los extractos por la técnica de microdilución, excepto del hexánico, que no presentó inhibición en las bacterias estudiadas. S. enterica fue la bacteria que mostró mayor sensibilidad al extracto metanólico de tallo (CIM = 28 μg mL-1), le siguieron M. luteus (CIM = 32 μg mL-1), S. aureus (CIM = 75 μg mL-1) y E. coli (CIM = 80 μg mL- 1). Los extractos metanólicos y acuosos de tallo presentaron mayor porcentaje de inhibición contra los diferentes tipos de Fusarium evaluados por el método de dilución en agar. Los extractos de V. mollis inhibieron a F. verticillioides entre 62 y 91 % con 120 μg mL-1 de extracto. El orden de las especies de hongos inhibidas por los extractos fue: F. verticillioides > F. oxysporum > F. tapsinum > F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici. La composición química de las especies se determinó mediante pruebas para fenoles, taninos, flavonoides, triterpenos, alcaloides, cumarinas y saponinas. Ninguno de los extractos presentó alcaloides y saponinas. Los fenoles (37.1 mg EAG/g muestra seca) y flavonoides (26.8 mg EQ/g muestra seca) fueron los compuestos mayoritarios en los extractos metanólicos y acuosos. En conclusión, se requieren cantidades muy pequeñas de extracto para la inhibición de bacterias y de Fusarium; por lo tanto, V. mollis puede ser considerada una fuente de metabolitos para este fin y en la agricultura como control alternativo dentro de un manejo integrado de enfermedades.

Enteric viruses in drinking water supplies

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
A.P. Wyn-Jones ◽  
J. Watkins ◽  
C. Francis ◽  
M. Laverick ◽  
J. Sellwood
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Plaque Assay ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Enteric Virus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Water Supplies

Two rural spring drinking water supplies were studied for their enteric virus levels. In one, serving about 30 dwellings, the water was chlorinated before distribution; in the other, which served a dairy and six dwellings the water was not treated. Samples of treated (40 l) and untreated (20 l) water were taken under normal and heavy rainfall conditions over a six weeks period and concentrated by adsorption/elution and organic flocculation. Infectious enterovirus in concentrates was detected in liquid culture and enumerated by plaque assay, both in BGM cells, and concentrates were also analysed by RT-PCR. Viruses were found in both raw water supplies. Rural supplies need to be analysed for viruses as well as bacterial and protozoan pathogens if the full microbial hazard is to be determined.

Assessment of the exposure of swimmers to microbiological contaminants in fresh waters

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Medema ◽  
I. A. van Asperen ◽  
A. H. Havelaar
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Intestinal Infection ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Faecal Pollution ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms ◽  
Mean Concentration

As part of a prospective cohort study among triathletes to determine a relationship between the microbiological quality of fresh bathing water and the risk of acquiring an intestinal infection, the exposure of the triathletes to microbiological contaminants was assessed. Waters were collected at seven triathlons (swimming course 1–1.5km) held in the summer of 1993 and 1994 to have a range of water qualities. All were influenced by sewage effluents, most also by agricultural run-off. Samples were collected several weeks before the event to establish a sampling programme (1993) and during the actual exposure of the triathletes (1993 and 1994) and examined for thermotolerant coliforms alone (samples preceding the event) and for E. coli, faecal enterococci, Staphylococcus aureus, F-specific RNAphages, enteroviruses (1993 and 1994) and for thermophilic Campylobacter, Salmonella, Aeromonas, Plesiomonas shigelloides and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1993). The samples taken in the weeks before the exposure showed significant differences in thermotolerant coliform concentration between locations, depths and times. Also during swimmer exposure, significant differences occurred in microorganism levels at the different sampling points over the swimming course. As the triathletes swam as a group, they were exposed to approximately the same water at the same time. The geometric mean concentration was used to characterise each site. In the epidemiological study, the risk of an intestinal infection correlated with the concentration of thermotolerant coliforms and E. coli but not with the other parameters. The geometric mean concentration of thermotolerant coliforms at the triathlons ranged from 11–330/100mL and 54–1,200/100mL E. coli. Ranking of the seven sites by faecal pollution level, based on the geometric mean concentration of a faecal indicator, resulted in a different ranking for each indicator. At the fresh water sites studied, only the ratio between the geometric mean density of E. coli and thermotolerant coliforms was constant. The ratio between the other parameters related to faecal pollution (faecal enterococci, F-specific RNA phages, enteroviruses) varied considerably. Water quality standards relating to faecal pollution can only be based on parameters that show a significant correlation with risk of intestinal illness.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document