COVID-19 Outbreak in Colombia: An Analysis of Its Impacts on Transport Systems

The global COVID-19 outbreak has demanded drastic actions and policies from the governments and local authorities to stem the spread of the virus. Most of the measures involve behavioural changes from citizens to reduce their social contact to a minimum. Thus, these actions influence individual activity patterns and transport systems in different ways. This paper studies the short-term impacts on the transport system caused by the different policies adopted by the Colombian government and local authorities to contain the COVID-19 spread. Using official and secondary data concerning the seven most populated cities in Colombia, we analyse the impacts on three components of the transport system: air transport, freight transport, and urban transport. Results show that national policies and local decisions have decreased the demand for motorised trips across the cities, diminishing congestion levels, reducing transit ridership, and creating a reduction in transport externalities. The country banned air transport for passengers and only allowed air cargo for medical and necessary supplies, which will have negative consequences for the economics of the airline industry. During the first three months of the COVID-19, freight was the most resilient transport component. However, freight trips diminished around 38%, affecting mainly the supply chain of nonessential products. During the pandemic, governments need to provide subsidies to maintain the system supply to avoid crowdedness and promote active transport by allocating less-used street space to cyclists and pedestrians. In the short term, transportation service providers will face a financial crisis, deepened by the pandemic, which will require government assistance for their recovery.

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Sustainability and Air Freight Transportation: Lessons from the Global Pandemic

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13073738 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 3738 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

John R. Bartle ◽

Rebecca K. Lutte ◽

Deniz Zeynep Leuenberger

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Airline Industry ◽

Global Climate ◽

Air Transport ◽

Transport Systems ◽

Air Cargo ◽

Air Freight ◽

Airline Schedules ◽

The Impact

The COVID-19 crisis has transformed the delivery of services and goods by public, private, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), with one of the largest impacts being in air transport systems. This paper focuses on related opportunities and challenges within air freight transport management, exploring sustainability in light of recent, heavy human and economic costs across the world. There is, in the resulting process of recovery, the potential to create changes in the airline industry and across a number of private and public partnerships that will improve long-term environmental, social, and economic sustainability and stability. This paper also describes the impact of the current environment on air cargo operations to include the role of significantly reduced airline schedules on overall air cargo capacity. It considers the potential role of government in providing the infrastructure for collaboration between sectors, addressing the goals of sustainability, efficiency, effectiveness, and citizen responsiveness. NGOs provide a voice for community groups in ways that governments and corporations may not. Efficient markets link producers at various stages to consumers through global and local supply chains. Integrating key concepts from sustainable development and logistics, this paper explores short-run and long-run planning required by each of the three sectors to tackle the immediate shortfalls in global transportation by air. It then investigates urgent but longer-term environmental issues tied to air transport, such as global climate change, air pollution, and the nonrenewable nature of fossil fuels. Many of the infrastructural changes in the airline industry may offer solutions across public administration. With the tremendous impact of air transport on a number of other goods and services, carefully constructed solutions may have sustainability benefits across industries. As the tragedies of COVID-19 inevitably shake the foundations of organizational systems in all three sectors, this paper offers recommendations for advancing opportunities for a more efficient freight supply industry that minimize negative impacts through sustainable development.

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ROLE OF TRAM TRANSIT IN FORMATION OF MAGNITOGORSK TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM (1930–1955)

World of Transport and Transportation ◽

10.30932/1992-3252-2019-17-5-316-325 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 316-325

Author(s):

M. N. Potemkina ◽

M. V. Gryaznov ◽

T. G. Pashkovskaya ◽

E. A. Timofeev

Keyword(s):

Soviet Union ◽

Transport System ◽

Urban Transport ◽

Political Life ◽

Information Support ◽

Transport Systems ◽

Electric Transport ◽

Route Network ◽

Time Period

The article provides information about the state of Magnitogorsk electric transport during its formation. This is one of the steps to preserving the history of emergence and development of tram traffic, an attempt to outline its fundamental role in formation of the transport system, as well as in socio-economic and political life of Magnitogorsk, one of the first so called social cities of the Soviet Union. The article is structured into sections relating to expansion of the tram route network, state and development of tram fleet. The considered time period captures the years of the Great Patriotic War and is limited to the beginning of the «thaw» in the domestic political life of the Soviet state. Through systematization of documentary evidence, the fundamental role of tram traffic in formation of the transport system of Magnitogorsk for the studied time period is determined. This should contribute to development of information support for research on the historical patterns of formation of urban transport systems in the period of industrialization.This issue offers the first part of the article.

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Concepts of Development of Alternative Travel in Autonomous Cars

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12218841 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (21) ◽

pp. 8841

Author(s):

Vytautas Palevičius ◽

Rasa Ušpalytė-Vitkūnienė ◽

Jonas Damidavičius ◽

Tomas Karpavičius

Keyword(s):

Transport System ◽

Urban Transport ◽

Transport Infrastructure ◽

Transport Systems ◽

Intelligent Transport Systems ◽

Conceptual Tool ◽

Intelligent Transport ◽

Travel Planning ◽

Autonomous Cars ◽

Car Travel

Autonomous car travel planning is increasingly gaining attention from scientists and professionals, who are addressing the integration of autonomous cars into the general urban transportation system. Autonomous car travel planning depends on the transport system infrastructure, the dynamic data, and their quality. The efficient development of travel depends on the development level of the Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) and the Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS). Today, most cities around the world are competing with each other to become the smartest cities possible, using and integrating the most advanced ITS and C-ITS that are available. It is clear that ITS and C-ITS are occupying an increasing share of urban transport infrastructure, so the complex challenges of ITS and C-ITS development will inevitably need to be addressed, in the near future, by integrating them into the overall urban transport system. With this in mind, the authors proposed three autonomous car travel development concepts that should become a conceptual tool in the development of ITS and C-ITS.

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The Effects of the Selective Enlargement of Fare-Free Public Transport

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12166390 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (16) ◽

pp. 6390 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Krzysztof Grzelec ◽

Aleksander Jagiełło

Keyword(s):

Public Transport ◽

Market Research ◽

Urban Transport ◽

Transport Systems ◽

Local Authorities ◽

The Public ◽

Transport Services ◽

Mode Of Transportation ◽

Free Transport ◽

Using Data

In recent years fare-free public transport (FFPT) found itself at the centre of attention of various groups, such as economists, transport engineers and local authorities, as well as those responsible for the organisation of urban transport. The FFPT is hoped to be the answer to contemporary transport-related problems within cities, problems which largely result from insensible proportions between trips carried out via personal mode of transportation and those completed by the means of public transport. This article reviews the motives and effects connected with the introduction to date of fare-free transport zones across the globe. It also presents, using data obtained in market research, the actual impact of a selective extension of the entitlement to free fares on the demand for urban transport services. The effects observed in other urban transport systems were then compared against those observed in relation to one, examined system. Analyses of observed FFPT implementation effects were then used to establish good and bad practices in the introduction of FFPT. The article also contains forecasts on the effect of the extension of entitlement to free fares and an increase in the public transport offer may have on the volume of demand for such services. The analyses have shown that an increase in the public transport offer (understood as an increase in the volume of vehicle-kilometres) would increase the demand for urban transport services more than the selective implementation of FFPT (assuming that the costs incurred by the local authorities remain unchanged).

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Greening the Urban Transport System towards Achieving Sustainability

Sustainability in Environment ◽

10.22158/se.v4n1p27 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 27

Author(s):

Polin Kumar Saha ◽

Shahida Akhter

Keyword(s):

Transport System ◽

Urban Transport ◽

Transport Systems ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Economic Stability ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Governing System ◽

New Development ◽

Technical Solutions ◽

Development Paradigm

The transport system comes along with a broad range of sustainability issues, including environmental, social and economic stability of the transportation. As we are going through a new development paradigm with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), therefore, our urban transport system should now be “green”, that requires an alignment with the core purposes of several stakeholder groups. The study explores the stand point of the situation in the context of rapid urbanization and addresses the components of our urban transport systems. The study follows a qualitative approach to find out the possible answer considering the daily transport experiences of city dwellers. Urban transport system is considered as the study experimental unit and a sample of four Focused Group Discussions (FGDs) conducted within four groups of urban citizens-adult male, female, older and younger. Finally, the study experiences illustrate with many technical and non-technical strategic solutions, which might be implemented in the context of poor road infrastructure, technology, people’s desires, capital intensive nature and the overall the good governing system. With different approaches towards greening the transport system, research concludes that the non-technical review is more important and quicker solution than the technical solutions for Dhaka city.

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CURRENT PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CITY TRANSPORT SYSTEM

Economic Analysis ◽

10.35774/econa2018.02.064 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 64-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Volodymyr Postnikov

Keyword(s):

Transport System ◽

Heavy Traffic ◽

Urban Transport ◽

Economic Situation ◽

European Countries ◽

Transport Systems ◽

Transport Networks ◽

Rational Use ◽

Foreign Experience ◽

The City

Modern conditions of the development dictate new conditions for the improvement and operation of urban transport. It is primarily due to the heavy traffic of urban transport networks and a change in the approaches to their exploitation. However, the objective economic situation does not provide opportunities for the full use of its potential. Thus, the full and rational use of existing opportunities becomes possible only in case of determining the priority directions of its development, and, accordingly, their implementation, which in turn updates the research and forms its purpose. In this way, the involvement of foreign experience in the operation of the urban transport system, taking into account national realities, is of great importance. The main approaches to the elements of the urban transport are defined. The key components of this system are outlined. The main models of regulation and financial provision of the urban transport system have been investigated. The experience of European countries in this area has been systematized. The main directions of the development of the urban transport systems in Ukraine have been proposed.

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Short-term Forecasting for Airline Industry: The Case of Indian Air Passenger and Air Cargo

Global Business Review ◽

10.1177/0972150920923316 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 097215092092331 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Meena Madhavan ◽

Mohammed Ali Sharafuddin ◽

Pairach Piboonrungroj ◽

Ching-Chiao Yang

Keyword(s):

Airline Industry ◽

Moving Average ◽

Civil Aviation ◽

Aviation Industry ◽

Air Cargo ◽

Short Term ◽

Commercial Aviation ◽

Directorate General ◽

Long Term Forecasting ◽

Short Term Forecasting

This study aims to forecast air passenger and cargo demand of the Indian aviation industry using the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and Bayesian structural time series (BSTS) models. We utilized 10 years’ (2009–2018) air passenger and cargo data obtained from the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA-India) website. The study assessed both ARIMA and BSTS models’ ability to incorporate uncertainty under dynamic settings. Findings inferred that, along with ARIMA, BSTS is also suitable for short-term forecasting of all four (international passenger, domestic passenger, international air cargo, and domestic air cargo) commercial aviation sectors. Recommendations and directions for further research in medium-term and long-term forecasting of the Indian airline industry were also summarized.

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Strategies for Sustainable Urban Transport: A Case Study of Cotonou, Benin

International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.13.9 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 9-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fousséni Gomina Mama ◽

Zhong Zhen Yang ◽

Dan Dong Xia

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Sustainable Development ◽

Transport System ◽

Urban Land Use ◽

Point Of View ◽

Urban Transport ◽

Sustainable Urban Development ◽

Transport Systems ◽

Sustainable Transport

The unrestrained growth in urbanization and motorization generally contributes to an urban land use and transport system that is socially, economically, and environmentally unsustainable. Urban mobility systems are much diversified in developing countries taking into account their components in terms of transport modes and the development path linked to the urban growth. This paper uses Cotonou as a case study, which is the largest urban and economic city of Benin. The paper first reviews literatures on sustainable transport systems to comprehend the concept of sustainable development and transport. Based on the municipal development plan (MDP) adopted by the local authorities, the paper then evaluates the existing transport policies, projects and infrastructure system, to determine if the current paradigm is moving toward or away from sustainable transport. Furthermore, the principles for sustainable urban transport are developed to see what significance municipal transport policies have given to urban transport from a sustainable transport point of view. Finally some strategies are suggested, adoption of which may lead to a sustainable urban development and transport system in the city of Cotonou.Key words: Sustainable development; urbanization; Bus Rapid Transit; socio-economic; land use and urban transport system.

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Integrated Approach for the Assessment of Strategies for the Decarbonization of Urban Traffic

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13020839 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 839

Author(s):

Dietmar Göhlich ◽

Kai Nagel ◽

Anne Magdalene Syré ◽

Alexander Grahle ◽

Kai Martins-Turner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transport System ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Urban Traffic ◽

Urban Transport ◽

Metropolitan Region ◽

Transport Systems ◽

Urban Region ◽

Moderate Increase ◽

Technical Feasibility ◽

System Cost

This paper presents a new methodology to derive and analyze strategies for a fully decarbonized urban transport system which combines conceptual vehicle design, a large-scale agent-based transport simulation, operational cost analysis, and life cycle assessment for a complete urban region. The holistic approach evaluates technical feasibility, system cost, energy demand, transportation time, and sustainability-related impacts of various decarbonization strategies. In contrast to previous work, the consequences of a transformation to fully decarbonized transport system scenarios are quantified across all traffic segments, considering procurement, operation, and disposal. The methodology can be applied to arbitrary regions and transport systems. Here, the metropolitan region of Berlin is chosen as a demonstration case. The first results are shown for a complete conversion of all traffic segments from conventional propulsion technology to battery electric vehicles. The transition of private individual traffic is analyzed regarding technical feasibility, energy demand and environmental impact. Commercial goods, municipal traffic and public transport are analyzed with respect to system cost and environmental impacts. We can show a feasible transition path for all cases with substantially lower greenhouse gas emissions. Based on current technologies and today’s cost structures our simulation shows a moderate increase in total systems cost of 13–18%.

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Riding without a ticket: geography of free fare public transport policy in Poland

Urban Development Issues ◽

10.2478/udi-2019-0020 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 17-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Daniel Štraub

Keyword(s):

Transport System ◽

Public Transport ◽

Travel Behaviour ◽

Policy Instrument ◽

Transport Policy ◽

Urban Transport ◽

Transport Systems ◽

Starting Point ◽

Good Starting Point ◽

Characteristic Features

Abstract A policy instrument promoting a free fare public transport policy (FFPT) has recently been put into practice in 66 municipalities across Poland. By contributing to the academic debate on the concept of FFPT (e.g. Kębłowski 2019), the main goal of this paper is to create a typology of the schemes where FFPT is in operation in Poland based on analyses of a geographical mapping of these projects. This study analyses how different municipalities are implementing the concept in order to define a typology of FFTP projects and to understand how the development landscape of the urban transport system is changing in the light of free fare transport policies, topics which are not fully covered in the academic literature. The findings confirm that there is a new dynamic in the development of urban transport systems and permit the identification of key characteristics of this trend. Besides the typology of implementation of FFPT, the study also presents an up-to-date inventory of FFPT projects with the key characteristic features of each system. Although the study does not provide specific recommendations regarding the introduction of a FFPT policy, it represents a good starting point for future and more detailed studies. Such studies are necessary in order to understand the role of FFPT not only in the context of the development of a given transport system, its impact on modal split, and travel behaviour, but also to uncover the different politics which lie behind them.

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