scholarly journals Drivers for Nuclear Energy Inclusion in Ghana’s Energy Mix

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Seth Kofi Debrah ◽  
Mark Amoah Nyasapoh ◽  
Felix Ameyaw ◽  
Stephen Yamoah ◽  
Nii Kwashie Allotey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Energy Mix ◽  
Income Status

Energy has become the driving force for national infrastructure development, including the socioeconomic development of every society. Ghana, like many other African countries, formulated developmental policies to attain middle-income status in the medium term. Socioeconomic growth comes with an upsurge in electricity consumption. Ghana seeks to use industrialization to achieve its middle-income target. To achieve this target, there is a need to develop a reliable, sustainable and affordable energy supply in a benign environment. The entry point for Ghana to become a middle-income economy is a cost-effective and reliable electricity supply. Ghana is endowed with fossil fuel, hydro and renewable resources to drive its industrial ambitions, but the indigenous gas fields feeding some thermal plants for electricity production are decreasing and could run out by early 2030 unless new fields are discovered and may also be affected by price volatility. The untapped hydro resources are also small and unreliable if the country seeks to become a middle-income country. Despite the abundant renewable resources, they are intermittent and do not present a baseload option. In safeguarding Ghana’s energy security, the country seeks to include nuclear energy into her energy mix. This research paper discusses the major drivers for nuclear energy inclusion.

scholarly journals Optimizing renewable-based energy supply options for power generation in Ethiopia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0262595
Author(s):  
Megersa Tesfaye Boke ◽  
Semu Ayalew Moges ◽  
Zeleke Agide Dejen
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Energy Mix ◽  
Reform Agenda ◽  
Income Status ◽  
Middle Status

Ethiopia unveiled homegrown economic reform agenda aimed to achieve a lower-middle status by 2030 and sustain its economic growth to achieve medium-middle and higher-middle status by 2040 and 2050 respectively. In this study, we evaluated the optimal renewable energy mix for power generation and associated investment costs for the country to progressively achieve upper-middle-income countries by 2050. Two economic scenarios: business as usual and Ethiopia’s homegrown reform agenda scenario were considered. The study used an Open Source energy Modeling System. The model results suggest: if projected power demand increases as anticipated in the homegrown reform agenda scenario, Ethiopia requires to expand the installed power capacity to 31.22GW, 112.45GW and 334.27GW to cover the current unmet and achieve lower, medium and higher middle-income status by 2030, 2040 and 2050 respectively. The Ethiopian energy mix continues to be dominated by hydropower and starts gradually shifting to solar and wind energy development towards 2050 as a least-cost energy supply option. The results also indicate Ethiopia needs to invest about 70 billion US$ on power plant investments for the period 2021–2030 to achieve the lower-middle-income electricity per capita consumption target by 2030 and staggering cumulative investment in the order of 750 billion US$ from 2031 to 2050 inclusive to achieve upper-middle-income electricity consumption rates by 2050. Ethiopia has enough renewable energy potential to achieve its economic target. Investment and financial sourcing remain a priority challenge. The findings could be useful in supporting decision-making concerning socio-economic development and investment pathways in the country.

scholarly journals Multivariate analysis of heavy metals content of beef from Soroti, Uganda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keneth Iceland Kasozi ◽  
Eric Oloya Otim ◽  
Justine Ekou ◽  
Kevin Matama ◽  
Gerald Zirintunda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Food Hygiene ◽  
Beef Industry ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Income Status ◽  
Continuous Basis ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
The Status ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Information about food hygiene and quality in the sub-Saharan African countries remains scarce at a time when many of their citizenry are beginning to acquire the much coveted middle income status. Compounding this are challenges linked to monitoring the safety of food produced by such lucrative industries as the beef industry on a continuous basis. The objective of the study was to begin some how the process of encouraging changes to the status quo and showing by example how a start in that direction might look like. Using heavy metal contents of representative beef samples from butcheries in Soroti, Uganda typical of a sub-Saharan country, we demonstrate how relationships and common sources of metals could be identified among samples in a multivariate space. Beef samples from 40 sites were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry for iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co) and cadmium (Cd). The study showed that all beef samples contained these metals, the extent of which were in the order: Fe > Zn > > Ni, Cr > Pb > Cu, Co > Cd. By correlation analysis, the pairs Ni and Cr, Cd and Co, Ni and Fe or Cr and Fe were most likely coming from the same sources. We also found that there are at least three distinct characteristics of beef consumed in Soroti, a distinction perhaps arising from three major categories of feedlots used to raise donor cattle. The incremental risk of children or adults developing cancer over a lifetime was estimated and found to fall into three categories, two of which are separately explained by the presence of Cr or Ni. The sources of these metals remain a matter of speculation on our part. More studies are needed to determine these sources and to understand the nature of cancer risk in the three categories of beef identified here.

Kenyan infrastructure gains will mask slippage risks

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
West African ◽  
Structural Reforms ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Robust Performance ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Macroeconomic Variables ◽  
Income Status ◽  
Government Financing ◽  
External Conditions

Subject Kenyan fiscal pressures. Significance Economic headwinds will culminate in slower GDP growth this year as drought, slowing credit and pre-election uncertainty weigh on activity. Growth is forecast to decelerate to 5.3%, from 6.0% in 2016, but could pick up pace again to 5.8% next year, as infrastructure development boosts productivity. Benign external conditions, along with policy prudence, has helped stabilise macroeconomic variables and consolidated the government's credibility. However, the elevated fiscal deficit remains a source of vulnerability. Impacts Despite robust performance, growth is still significantly below the 8% needed to lift Kenya to upper-middle income status by 2030. Interest in the planned Eurobond could surpass levels achieved by West African peers this year given better progress on structural reforms. While Kenya's first mobile bond or 'M-Akiba' proved successful, institutional lenders will remain the main source of government financing.

Determinants of Electricity Production from Renewable Source Excluding Hydroelectricity in Selected East African Countries: Panel ARDL Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
teshager asratie
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
East African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Resource Rent ◽  
Panel Ardl ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Per Capita

Abstract Though east Africa has ample resource endowments for electricity production, the region has the lowest performance in generating electricity and millions of people are living without access to electricity. To fill the electricity gap countries used fossil fuels as the major source of energy, but electricity production from renewable resource is lower. Therefore, this study aimed to identify determinant factors of electricity production from renewable resources excluding hydropower sources. Panel data for five east African countries for the period 1998 to 2019 was used and it was examined by pooled mean group panel ARDL estimation technique. The estimation result revealed that that in both long and short run GDP per capita growth, population growth, energy consumption per capita and energy import have positive significant effect on electricity production from renewable resources other than hydropower. While political instability, electricity production from hydropower, and electricity production from oil, gas, and coal have negative significant effect. However in the short run energy use and resource rent percentage of GDP have positive and negative significant effect respectively, but in the long run the two variables have no significant effect. Error correction coefficient is negative 0.64, which indicates that deviation from long run disequilibrium adjusts toward equilibrium at a rate of 64% per year. Based on the result this study recommends that the government should improve the performance of GDP growth by quality education, lower lending interest rate, improving political stability through controlling internal conflicts caused by difference in religion and ethnicity, improving energy security.

scholarly journals Electric energy planning in Namibe, Angola: Inserting renewable energies in search of a sustainable energy mix

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 69-83
Author(s):  
I. Lemba ◽  
M. Ferreira Dias ◽  
M. Robaina
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Production Reserve ◽  
Electricity Supply ◽  
Energy Mix ◽  
Ghg Reduction

The socioeconomic development of any region requires electricity for operating the various sectors of the economy. Sometimes energy is scarce, not only because of the lack of energy resources, but also because energy policy is inadequate or non-existent. This paper examines the situation in the province of Namibe, Angola, characterising the energy sector, and proposing an energy mix for the security of electricity supply, environmental protection and sustainable economic development. Using the Long-range Energy Alternative and Planning System, energy scenarios were simulated and the greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) for the period 2014-2040 calculated and analysed. The most sustainable scenario, in terms of energy mix diversification and GHG reduction, as well as the least costly (considering electricity production and carbon costs), has an increase of hydro capacity and the insertion of wind, solar photovoltaic, thermoelectric sources and natural gas. Given the intermittency of photovoltaic and wind systems, natural gas appears in this scenario as a way to avoid interruptions in the electricity supply. This scenario is the one with the largest production reserve margin of 24.47 %, and emissions are avoided at 386 550 tCO2eq compared to the base scenario in 2040. Energy policymakers can take this scenario as a model to assist in making decisions on how power capacities can be installed over the planned time for the desired energy output.

Recent Advancement of Biomass in Energy Exploration in Some African Countries

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Obafemi Olatunji ◽  
Stephen Akinlabi ◽  
Nkosinathi Madushele ◽  
Paul Adedeji ◽  
Samuel Fatoba
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Economic Prosperity ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Recent Advancement ◽  
Biomass Resources

Abstract Africa is so much endowed with a vast amount of renewable resources that can engender economic prosperity and provide adequate capacity to meet up with current and future energy demands. These vast resources made her to be at a vantage position in Renewable Energy (RE) exploration across the globe. One of such RE with enormous potential is biomass, however, the maximum potential has not been realized. This article provides an overview of the biomass resources in some selected African countries. The state-of-the-art in biomass application, availability, energy production in power plant, especially as related to electricity production were discussed. Overall, the authors identify the barrier to biomass energy exploration in these countries and proffer some solution to deal with these challenges.

Land Policy in Vietnam

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm F. McPherson
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Land Policy ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Income Status ◽  
The Government

Land policy is crucial to Vietnam’s socioeconomic development. Yet, land policy in Vietnam often is short-sighted, resulting in inequities and a form of commons tragedy. In this essay, the author reviews the evolving land policy in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, pointing out inconsistencies and shortcomings. The essay concludes with recommendations to improve policy and the long-term well-being of Vietnam and its people; specifically, several events should occur for Vietnam to achieve middle-income status by 2020, as the government of Vietnam intends. Rapid industrialization and modernization should continue; land currently used for agriculture (particularly rice) need to be converted to industrial parks; residential areas, and infrastructure; and all land should be used in ways that yields the highest social returns. Public investment should help boost agricultural (and land) productivity; and environmental (and land) management should ensure that the institutions and incentives support environmental sustainability.

Ghana: the State of Agriculture and Prospects for Food Security in the Context of Achieving SDGs

2018 ◽  
pp. 16-31
Author(s):  
Tatyana Denisova
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Government

For the first time in Russian African studies, the author examines the current state of agriculture, challenges and prospects for food security in Ghana, which belongs to the group of African countries that have made the most progress in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs are a collection of 17 global goals adopted by UN member states in 2015 with a view of achieving them by 2030. The SDGs include: ending poverty in all its forms everywhere (Goal 1); ending hunger, achieving food security and improved nutrition, and promoting sustainable agriculture (2); ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all at all ages (3), etc. These goals are considered fundamental because the achievement of a number of other SDGs – for example, ensuring quality education (4), achieving gender equality (5), ensuring sustainable consumption and production patterns (12), etc. – largely depends on their implementation. Ghana was commended by the world community for the significant reduction in poverty, hunger and malnutrition between 2000 and 2014, i.e. for the relatively successful implementation of the first of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 2000–2015) – the eradication of extreme poverty and hunger. However, SDGs require more careful study and planning of implementation measures. In order to achieve the SDGs, the Government of Ghana has adopted a number of programs, plans and projects, the successful implementation of which often stumbles upon the lack of funding and lack of coordination between state bodies, private and public organizations, foreign partners – donors and creditors, etc., which are involved in the processes of socioeconomic development of Ghana. The author determines the reasons for the lack of food security in Ghana, gives an assessment of the state of the agricultural sector, the effective development of which is a prerequisite for the reduction of poverty and hunger, primarily due to the engagement of a significant share (45%) of the economically active population in this sector. The study shows that the limited growth in food production is largely due to the absence of domestic markets and necessary roads, means of transportation, irrigation and storage infrastructure, as well as insufficient investment in the agricultural sector, rather than to a shortage of fertile land or labor.

The path to a 2025 nuclear-free Taiwan: An analysis of dynamic competition among emissions, energy, and economy

2020 ◽  
pp. 0958305X2094998
Author(s):  
Chun Chih Chen
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Energy Mix ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency ◽  
Relationship Analysis ◽  
The Government

Taiwan intends to be nuclear free by 2025. This study employs the Lotka–Volterra competition model for sustainable development to analyze the emissions–energy–economy (3Es) issue to make appropriate policy suggestions for a nuclear-free transition. It also offers a new approach to naming the 3E relationship. The literature review shows that the environmental Kuznets curve accompanies the feedback and conservation hypotheses. In the 3E dynamics relationship analysis, the model shows a good mean absolute percentage error (<15%) for the model estimation. The key findings are as follows: 1) the fossil fuel-led economy exists; 2) CO2 emissions are reduced with nuclear energy consumption; 3) renewable energy is far from scale; 4) a complementary effect exists between fossil fuel and nuclear energy consumption; and 5) gas retrofitting and phasing out of nuclear seem imminent. In the energy transition, Taiwan drastically cuts nuclear energy without considering energy diversity due to which troubles might ensue. The priority issue for Taiwan’s energy mix is energy security. To deal with these concerns, this study suggests the government could improve energy efficiency, build a smart grid, develop carbon capture and storage, and reconsider putting nuclear energy back into the energy mix before renewable energy is scaled.

scholarly journals Mobile Money, Financial Inclusion and Digital Payment: The Case of Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 417
Author(s):  
Tran Hung Son ◽  
Nguyen Thanh Liem ◽  
Nguyen Vinh Khuong
Keyword(s):  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Financial Intermediaries ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Financial Intermediary ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Mobile Money ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Digital Transactions ◽  
Positive Effect

The study provides an overview of mobile money account usage, financial inclusion and digital payment transaction trends in Vietnam, and considers the factors influencing these trends. In general, the rates of using mobile money service and account ownership at financial intermediaries in Vietnam are still low, and other indicators of digital transactions suggest low levels compared to those of countries with low- and middle- income as well as to the world averages. The research also shows that owning an account at a financial intermediary facilitates the use of mobile money. This is a positive trend, at least compared to the situation in some African countries. Finally, having an account at a financial intermediary and using mobile money services generally have a positive effect on the participation in non-cash transactions.

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