scholarly journals An Integrated Approach Exploring the Synergistic Mechanism of Herbal Pairs in a Botanical Dietary Supplement: A Case Study of a Liver Protection Health Food

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Chen ◽  
Chun Hu ◽  
Molly Hood ◽  
Juntao Kan ◽  
Xiaona Gan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Receptor Signaling ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Liver Protection ◽  
Synergistic Mechanism

Herbal pairs are used as a bridge between single herb and polyherbal formulas in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) to provide rationale for complicated TCM formulas. The effectiveness and rationality of TCM herbal pairs have been widely applied as a strategy for dietary supplements. However, due to the complexity of the phytochemistry of individual and combinations of herbal materials, it is difficult to reveal their effective and synergistic mechanisms from a molecular or systematic point of view. In order to address this question, UPLC-Q-TOF/MS analysis and System Pharmacology tools were applied to explore the mechanism of action, using a White Peony (Paeoniae Radix Alba) and Licorice (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma)-based dietary supplement. A total of sixteen chemical constituents of White Peony and Licorice were isolated and identified, which interact with 73 liver protection-related targets. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were then performed along with network analysis. Results showed that the synergistic mechanism of the White Peony and Licorice herbal pair was associated with their coregulation of bile secretion and ABC transporter pathways. In addition, Licorice exhibits a specific response to drug and xenobiotic metabolism pathways, whereas White Peony responds to Toll-like receptor signaling, C-type lectin receptor signaling, IL-17 signaling, and TNF signaling pathways, resulting in the prevention of hepatocyte apoptosis and the reduction of immune and inflammation-mediated liver damage. These findings suggest that a White Peony and Licorice herbal pair supplement would have a liver-protecting benefit through complimentary and synergistic mechanisms. This approach provides a new path to explore herbal compatibility in dietary supplements derived from TCM theory.

Why Consumers Need More Protection Against Claims for Dietary Supplements and Herbs

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 391-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Food And Drug Administration ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Enormous Amount ◽  
Education Act

Federal agencies have never had enough resources to cope with the enormous amount of deception in the supplement and health-food marketplace. Passage of the 1994 Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) has worsened the situation by encouraging dubious claims and weakening the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)'s ability to ban dangerous products.

scholarly journals LC-QTOF-MS Analysis and Activity Profiles of Popular Antioxidant Dietary Supplements in Terms of Quality Control

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elwira Sieniawska ◽  
Tomasz Baj ◽  
Rafal Sawicki ◽  
Aleksandra Wanat ◽  
Krzysztof Kamil Wojtanowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Chemical Groups

The dietary supplements with claimed antioxidant activity constitute a substantial part of the dietary supplement market. In this study, we performed the LC-QTOF-MS analysis and investigated the activity profiles of popular antioxidant dietary supplements from different chemical groups in terms of quality control. The commonly used antioxidant tests and statistical analysis revealed that substantial part of the results was comparable if 1 g sample was considered, but while comparing single and daily doses, significant differences in antioxidant values were noticed in all assays. The best antioxidant activity was obtained in ORAC assay (from 142 to 13814 μM of Trolox equivalents per 1 g of sample), and the strongest correlation occurred between TPC and ORAC. The LC-QTOF-MS analysis revealed that catechins were present in samples having the best antioxidant activity and that dietary supplements showing the weakest activity contained very small amount of any chemical constituents.

scholarly journals Dietary supplement use in elementary school children: a Japanese web-based survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazue Ishitsuka ◽  
Satoshi Sasaki ◽  
Hidetoshi Mezawa ◽  
Mizuho Konishi ◽  
Maki Igarashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Mineral Supplements ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Health Related Behaviors ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Dietary Supplement Use ◽  
Frequency Of Sports Participation

Abstract Background A variety of dietary supplements are commercially available. However, the efficacy and safety of dietary supplement use in children are not well established. Understanding dietary supplement use is important for developing public health policy regarding dietary supplements. This study aimed to investigate the types of dietary supplements used and characteristics of dietary supplement users among Japanese elementary school children. Method We conducted a cross-sectional web-based questionnaire study. Dietary supplement use, socio-demographics, and health-related behaviors were assessed through mother-reported questionnaire. Types of dietary supplements were identified based on ingredient using product barcodes and brand names. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the socio-demographics and health-related behaviors associated with supplement use. Results Among 4933 children, 333 (6.8%) were identified as dietary supplement users. The most common supplement was amino acids or protein (1.4%), followed by n–3 fatty acids or fish oil (1.0%), probiotics (1.0%), multivitamins (0.9%), multivitamin-minerals (0.8%), and botanicals (0.8%). Overall, any dietary supplement use was significantly associated with the highest frequency of sports participation (odds ratio [OR], 2.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.65–4.02), highest household income (OR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.13–3.10), highest maternal educational level (OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.31–2.52), and male sex (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.09–1.75). The highest frequency of sports participation was significantly associated with higher odds of use of amino acids or protein (OR, 6.06; 95% CI, 1.78–20.6) and multivitamins (OR, 3.56; 95% CI, 1.11–11.5), compared to the lowest frequency of sports participation. Conclusion This study showed that Japanese children primarily use non-vitamin, non-mineral supplements. Non-vitamin, non-mineral supplements should thus be included in future studies aimed at monitoring dietary supplement use. We also found that dietary supplement use in children was associated with sports participation. Guidelines for dietary supplement use for children, in particular sport participants, are needed.

Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Cordia Myxa L.: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varinder Singh ◽  
Ankita Sood ◽  
Simran Pruthi ◽  
Manjinder Singh ◽  
Balraj Saini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Functional Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
Cordia Myxa ◽  
Chronic Fever ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Cordia myxa L. (CM) is a valuable ethnomedicinal plant from Boraginaceae family. Traditionally, CM parts especially fruits and leaves are used in chest and urinary tract infections, diarrhoea, dysentery, tuberculosis, liver and spleen disorders, chronic fever, malaria etc. Objective: Despite of known importance and uses, CM has gained relatively less attention of researchers and concise reviews revealing the medicinal potential of CM are scanty. The present review summarizes the chemical constituents and biological activities of CM and aims to stimulate future research to develop it as a functional health food. Results: Analysis of literature on CM showed that its fruits are a rich source of nutrients and are frequently employed in wide ailments such as urinary and respiratory tract infections, chronic fever, liver disorders, asthma, used as anthelmintic, diuretic, expectorant and purgative. Scientific studies have shown the antidiabetic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antioxidant, antiplasmodial, hepatoprotective, hypotensive, antiulcer and antimicrobial activities of CM. More than 45 compounds belonging to carbohydrates, steroids, carotenoids, phenols, flavonoids and alkaloids have been reported from various parts of CM. Conclusion: Systematic preclinical studies support the traditional claims of CM. The analysis of available literature showed that CM could be developed as a drug. Further, studies such as detailed pharmacological and toxicological evaluation, isolation of bioactive compounds, quantitative phytochemistry and structure activity relationship are scanty and thus, crucial to be addressed for uplifting the scientific value of this revered medicinal plant.

scholarly journals Use of dietary supplements in pregnant women in relation to sociodemographic factors – a report from The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1390-1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carin Andrén Aronsson ◽  
Kendra Vehik ◽  
Jimin Yang ◽  
Ulla Uusitalo ◽  
Kristen Hay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Environmental Determinants ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Dietary Supplement Use ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence and associated factors of dietary supplement use, particularly supplements containing vitamin D and fatty acids, in pregnant women enrolled in a multi-national study.DesignThe Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study is a prospective longitudinal cohort study. Maternal dietary supplement use was self-reported through questionnaires at month 3 to 4 postpartum.SettingSix clinical research centres; three in the USA (Colorado, Georgia/Florida and Washington) and three in Europe (Sweden, Finland and Germany).SubjectsMothers (n 7326) to infants screened for high-risk HLA-DQ genotypes of type 1 diabetes.ResultsNinety-two per cent of the 7326 women used one or more types of supplement during pregnancy. Vitamin D supplements were taken by 65 % of the women, with the highest proportion of users in the USA (80·5 %). Overall, 16 % of the women reported taking fatty acid supplements and a growing trend was seen in all countries between 2004 and 2010 (P < 0·0001). The use was more common in Germany (32 %) and the USA (24 %) compared with Finland (8·5 %) and Sweden (7·0 %). Being pregnant with the first child was a strong predictor for any supplement use in all countries. Low maternal age (<25 years), higher education, BMI ≥ 25·0 kg/m2 and smoking during pregnancy were factors associated with supplement use in some but not all countries.ConclusionsThe majority of the women used dietary supplements during pregnancy. The use was associated with sociodemographic and behavioural factors, such as parity, maternal age, education, BMI and maternal smoking.

scholarly journals Optimization of spectrophotometric method for determination nattokinase activity in dietary supplements

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-103
Author(s):  
Dieu Thu Nguyen Thi ◽  
Dung Hoang Viet ◽  
Hong Ngoc Nguyen Thi ◽  
Thanh An Vu Thi ◽  
Thanh Hoa Mac Thi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Valuable Contribution ◽  
Label Product ◽  
Measured Activity

Nattokinase is an enzyme with a strong fibrinolytic activity that can be used for preventing thrombolytic diseases. The fibrinolytic activity of the Nattokinase in dietary supplements is determined by spectrophotometric method. In this study, the conditions of the assay were examined and finally optimized as pH: 8.5, reaction temperature: 40oC, and reaction time: 60 minutes. The proposed method was validated and successfully applied to determine the Nattokinase activity in 10 dietary supplements. The results showed that the proportion of measured activity compared to label product activity were within in the range 79.1 - 98.0%. The effect of herbal compounds and excipients on Nattokinase activity were also surveyed. From the evaluated results and application to commercial samples, this method will be a valuable contribution to quality control of dietary supplement products containing Nattokinase. &nbsp;

scholarly journals A Network Pharmacology-Based Study on Pharmacological Activities and Mechanisms of Essential Oil in Leaves of C. Grandis ‘Tomentosa’

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jieshu You ◽  
Sheng-cai He ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
Zhen-hui Guo ◽  
Fei Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Disease Network ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Integrated Network ◽  
Target Disease

Abstract Background and Objective: Citrus grandis ‘Tomentosa’, as the fruit epicarp of C. grandis ‘Tomentosa’ or C. grandis (L.) Osbeck, is widely used in health food and medicine. Actually, based on our survey results, there are also rich essential oils with bioativities in leaves, but the chemical compounds in this part and relevant pharmacological activities have never been studied systematically yet. Therefore, this study was to preliminarily decipher the pharmacological activities and mechanisms of the essential oil in leaves of C. grandis ‘Tomentosa’ by an integrated network pharmacology approach. Methods: Essential oil compositions from leaves of C. grandis ‘Tomentosa’ were identified using GC-MS/MS. And then the targets of these oil compositions were predicted and screened from TCMSP, SwissTargetPrediction, STITCH and SEA databases. STRING database was used to construct the protein-protein interaction networks, and the eligible protein targets were input into WebGestalt 2019 to carry out GO enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Based on the potential targets, disease enrichment information was obtained by TTD databases. Cytoscape software was used to construct the component-target-disease network diagrams. Results: Finally, 61 essential oil chemical components were identified by GC-MS/MS, which correspond to 679 potential targets. Biological function analysis showed that there were 12, 19, and 12 GO entries related to biological processes, cell components and molecular functions, respectively. 43 KEGG pathways were identified, of which the most significant categories were terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, TNF signaling pathway and leishmaniasis. The component-target-disease network diagram revealed that the essential oil compositions in leaves of C. grandis ‘Tomentosa’ could treat tumors, immune diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and respiratory diseases, which were highly related to CHRM1, PTGS2, CASP3, MAP2K1 and CDC25B.Conclusion: This study may provide a new insight into C. grandis ‘Tomentosa’ or C. grandis (L.) Osbeck and may provide useful information for future utilization and development.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Analysis of the Immune and Prognostic Implication of MMP14 in Lung Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Chun-long Zheng ◽  
Qiang Lu ◽  
Nian Zhang ◽  
Peng-yu Jing ◽  
Ji-peng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Receptor Signaling ◽  
Immune Infiltration ◽  
Receptor Signaling Pathway

More and more studies have indicated an association between immune infiltration in lung cancer and clinical outcomes. Matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14) has been reported to be dysregulated in many types of tumors and involved in the development and progression of tumors. However, its contribution to cancer immunity was rarely reported. In the study, we found that MMP14 expression was distinctly upregulated in lung cancer specimens compared with nontumor lung specimens. High MMP14 expression predicted a poor prognosis of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) patients. Increased MMP14 expressions were observed to be positively related to high immune infiltration levels in most of the immune cells. A pathway enrichment analysis of 32 MMP14-associated immunomodulators indicated the involvement of T cell receptor signaling pathway and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. Based on MMP14-associated immunomodulators, we applied multivariate assays to construct multiple-gene risk prediction signatures. We observed that risk scores were independently associated with overall survival. These data highlighted that MMP14 was involved in tumor immunity, indicating that MMP14 could serve as a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for lung cancer. Our data suggest that the four genes identified in this study may serve as valuable biomarkers of lung cancer patient outcomes.

scholarly journals High expression of MCM10 is predictive of poor outcomes in lung adenocarcinoma

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10560
Author(s):  
Mingrui Shao ◽  
Shize Yang ◽  
Siyuan Dong
Keyword(s):  
Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Replication Initiation ◽  
Prognostic Biomarkers ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Therapeutic Value

Backgrounds Lung adenocarcinoma is a complex disease that results in over 1.8 million deaths a year. Recent advancements in treating and managing lung adenocarcinoma have led to modest decreases in associated mortality rates, owing in part to the multifactorial etiology of the disease. Novel prognostic biomarkers are needed to accurately stage the disease and act as the basis of adjuvant treatments. Material and Methods The microarray datasets GSE75037, GSE31210 and GSE32863 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify prognostic biomarkers for lung adenocarcinoma and therapy. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by GEO2R. Functional and pathway enrichment analysis were performed by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology (GO). Validation was performed based on 72 pairs of lung adenocarcinoma and adjacent normal lung tissues. Results Results showed that the DEGs were mainly focused on cell cycle and DNA replication initiation. Forty-one hub genes were identified and further analyzed by CytoScape. Here, we provide evidence which suggests MCM10 is a potential target with prognostic, diagnostic and therapeutic value. We base this on an integrated approach of comprehensive bioinformatics analysis and in vitro validation using the A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell line. We show that MCM10 overexpression correlates with a poor prognosis, while silencing of this gene decreases aberrant growth by 2-fold. Finally, evaluation of 72 clinical biopsy samples suggests that overexpression of MCM10 in the lung adenocarcinoma highly correlates with larger tumor size. Together, this work suggests that MCM10 may be a clinically relevant gene with both predictive and therapeutic value in lung adenocarcinoma.

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